6个果桑品种主要性状调查与染色体倍性测定     

叶青雷  刘海军  马云桥  于永强  赵爱春 《北方果树》2021,(2):14-16,19

作者对黑龙江省6个果桑品种资源进行性状调查和染色体观察。结果表明,‘龙桑1号’具有染色体数为28和42的细胞,是四倍和六倍的混合体;‘选2’为自然六倍体;‘龙椹1号’‘选3’‘选4’‘矮化1号’均为四倍体。该研究对高寒地区桑树资源的发掘与创新利用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

中国沙棘雌雄株的染色体核型分析     

王彬  朱春云  王志涛  辛永清 《西北农业学报》2010,19(11):79-82

为了准确了解中国沙棘雌雄株染色体核型特征,对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.sinesis)雌雄株的染色体核型进行分析。结果表明,中国沙棘第4、5、7号染色体在雌株中属于M型染色体,在雄株中属于m型染色体,第1、39、号染色体在雌株中属于m型染色体,在雄株中属于M型染色体;雌雄株均有24条染色体,染色体均属于正中部着丝粒染色体(M)和中部着丝粒染色体(m)2种,染色体核型公式同为:2n=24=14M+10m;染色体核型属于1B型,核型不对称系数为54%,在进化上属于较原始种类。  相似文献   

The mechanisms determining the nucleolar-organizing regions inactivation of domestic horse chromosomes     

E. Slota  M. Wnuk  M. Bugno  A. Pienkowska-Schelling  C. Schelling  A. Bratus  & Z. Kotylak 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(3):163-171

  相似文献   

美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔染色体核型研究     

翟频  杨杰  吴信生  胡玉萍  严宏生 《中国养兔杂志》2006,(5):16-18

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,分析并比较了美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔的染色体核型。结果表明:美系獭兔和皱襞型獭兔二倍体细胞染色体数均为2n=44,其中21对常染色体、1对性染色体,性染色体XX(♀)、XY(♂)。常染色体分为4组,A组(1～9号)为中着丝粒染色体,B组(10～13号)为近中着丝粒染色体,C组(14～17号)为近端着丝粒染色体,D组(18～21号)为端着丝粒染色体;X为近中着丝粒染色体,Y为端着丝粒染色体。两组兔常规染色体核型基本一致。  相似文献   

Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor gene to chromosome 18     

S. Kollers  B. Mote  M.F. Rothschild  G. Plastow  & D. Rocha 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(6):414-418

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse biological actions. Type I PACAP receptors (PACAPR) are specific for PACAP, whereas type II and III PACAPRs are less restricted. To localize and analyse the variation of this gene, a 559‐bp long intronic fragment of the porcine PACAPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in samples from five different pig breeds. One single nucleotide polymorphism was identified and its allele frequency was determined in all five breeds. Linkage analysis in a Berkshire × Yorkshire reference family placed the PACAPR gene on chromosome 18, between SW787 and S0062 (SW787– 8.1 cM –PACAPR– 3.0 cM –S0062). Radiation hybrid mapping confirmed that the PACAPR gene was linked to SW1682 on chromosome 18 (28.8 cR₃₀₀₀; LOD = 10.4).  相似文献   

基于远缘杂交的黄瓜种质资源的创新与利用研究     

陈劲枫钱春桃  娄群峰庄飞云 《中国蔬菜》2006,(B10):73-76

未来作物改良的最大希望在于有用外源基因的导入，远缘杂交是导入外源有用基因的主要途径之一。基于笔者近年来在甜瓜属（Cucumis）种间杂交所取得的进展，本文综述了甜瓜属种间杂交双二倍体、异源三倍体、单体异附加系和异源易位系的合成、鉴定和定性研究，以及对外源有用基因，包括抗病、抗逆性的转导利用情况，并展望了这些特异种质资源在甜瓜属作物的遗传和品种改良上的理论和实践价值。  相似文献   

Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide     

Thaís C.C. Fernandes 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(3):252-259

The trifluralin is an agent that promotes a cellular damage due to its direct action on the microtubules. This action leads to a decontrol in the cellular division, bringing about polyploid cells. In this work, we show the evidences that the exceeding genetical material of theses polyploidizated cells tends to be eliminated from the nucleus in the form of micronucleus. Our analyses prove this fact, both by the presence of a number of cells carrying micronucleus, and by the evidences of the elimination of the exceeding material itself, after exposition of the Allium cepa root tips tested with several concentration of trifluralin herbicide. It was noticed that the residual concentration induced a number of polyploid cells, micronuclei and mini cells. Inferences about the implications of the elimination of genetic material from micronuclei, such as cell viability and apoptosis, are also presented.  相似文献   

切花菊14个品种的核形态学研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李畅  陈发棣  赵宏波  房伟民 《园艺学报》2007,34(5):1235-1242

 采用常规压片法对不同花序类型、不同花色的14个切花菊品种进行了核形态学研究。结果表明：（1）间期核均为复杂染色中心型，前期染色体属于中间型。(2)体细胞染色体在品种内和品种间均呈现多数目性，染色体数变动范围在48~56之间，以54条为主。（3）核型呈现多样性，由中部、近中部和近端部着丝粒染色体组成，‘神马’、‘小红娘’、‘九月黄’和‘小菊双色’有1或2条随体染色体；染色体相对长度为2.04%~5.26%；核型不对称系数为62.39%~67.32%；‘长紫’、‘意大利红’、‘小红娘’和‘阿里格斯’核型类型为“2B”，其它品种为“2A”型。（4）有丝分裂后期和末期除‘清露’外均正常。基于观察结果分析了切花菊核型多样性及进化趋势。  相似文献   

Analysis of chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide using AFM     

WU Yang-zhe  CAI Ji-ye 《园艺学报》2007,23(12):2451-2454

AIM: To study chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide (EB),a heterocyclic organic compound and an organic fluorescence dye commonly used in biochemical experiment,and to help further understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor or cancer induced by EB and other heterocyclic organic compounds.METHODS: The toxicity action of EB was evaluated from three aspects including DNA,chromosome and embryo stem cells (ESCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM),and thereinto,the morphology structural difference of ESCs treated with two EB doses was also valuated.RESULTS: The morphological structures of DNA,chromosome and ESCs were dramatically damaged.The average height of DNA decreased 0.5 nm;chromosomal arms were ruptured from centromere location;molecules of cellular membrane congregated and loop-like structure formed,and ES cell masses were collapsed and became dead after large EB doses treatment and mesh-like morphological structure was discernable.CONCLUSION: The toxicity action of EB is strong and destroys the surface structure of DNA and chromosome.EB induces structural aberration of ES cellular membrane and cell death.The results indicate that the action of EB is externalized at gene level and cell level,which is important to study the carcinogenicity of EB.  相似文献   

Roles of Root Aerenchyma Development and Its Associated QTL in Dry Matter Production under Transient Moisture Stress in Rice     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):205-216

Abstract

Enhanced aerenchyma development in rice under transient drought-to-waterlogged (TD-W) stress promotes root system development by promoting lateral root production. This study analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W stress. A mapping population of 60 F₂ genotypes of chromosome segment substituted lines (CSSL) derived from CSSL47 and Nipponbare crosses were grown in rootboxes and evaluated for shoot and root growth, and aerenchyma development (expressed as root porosity). The TD-W stress was imposed starting with water saturated soil condition at sowing and then to progressive drought from 0 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) prior to exposure to sudden waterlogging for another 17 days (21 to 38 DAS). We performed simple and composite interval mapping to identify QTLs for aerenchyma development. QTL associated with aerenchyma development was mapped on the short-arm of chromosome 12 and designated as qAER-12. The effect of qAER-12 on the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W was significantly associated with the increase in lateral root elongation and branching. This resulted in greater root system development as expressed in total root length and consequently contributed to higher dry matter production. This qAER-12 is probably the first reported QTL associated with aerenchyma development in rice under TD-W and is a useful trait for the improvement of the adaptive capability under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.  相似文献