Evaluating a filtering and recirculating system to reduce dust drift in simulated sowing of dressed seed and abraded dust particle characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

Marcello Biocca  Daniele Pochi  Roberto Fanigliulo  Pietro Gallo  Patrizio Pulcini  Francesca Marcovecchio  Cinzia Perrino 《Pest management science》2017,73(6):1134-1142

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<Emphasis Type="Italic">Asaia</Emphasis> symbionts interfere with infection by Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in leafhoppers     

Elena Gonella  Elena Crotti  Mauro Mandrioli  Daniele Daffonchio  Alberto Alma 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(3):1033-1046

The transmission of microbial pathogens by insect vectors can be affected by the insect’s microbial symbionts, which may compete in colonizing organs, express antagonistic factors or activate host immune response. Acetic acid bacteria of the genus Asaia are symbionts of the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, which transmits Flavescence dorée phytoplasma. These bacteria could be used as control agents against the disease. Here, we experimentally investigated the interaction between different strains of Asaia and phytoplasma transmission in the laboratory by using the model leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus and the plant host Vicia faba. We found that uncultivable and low concentrations of Asaia phylotypes were associated with E. variegatus. When we supplied different Asaia strains isolated from other insects and exhibiting different phenotypes to E. variegatus orally, the bacteria stably colonized the leafhopper, reached relatively higher densities and could then be isolated from the host. We conducted transmission trials of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma with individuals colonized with three exogenous Asaia strains. When the phytoplasma became established in the bodies of E. variegatus, leafhoppers were able to transmit it to broad beans, with transmission rates ranging from 33 to 76% in different experiments. However, leafhoppers that were colonized by one of the Asaia strains producing an air–liquid interface biofilm exhibited significantly reduced phytoplasma acquisition, with infection rates at 5–28%, whereas they were 25–77% in control insects. Although the mechanisms regulating this interference remain to be elucidated, our results provide evidence of the potential use of Asaia as a biocontrol agent.  相似文献   

New flavonol glycosides from Aconitum burnatii Gáyer and Aconitum variegatum L.     

Sara Vitalini  Alessandra Braca  Daniele Passarella  Gelsomina Fico 《Fitoterapia》2010

Six flavonol glycosides, compounds 1-3 from A. burnatii Gáyer and 4-6 from A. variegatum L., were obtained from their methanol extracts of aerial parts. The identified structures were quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-(6-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-(6-E-caffeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6). Compounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated for the first time. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts and pure compounds was tested with different assays.  相似文献   

Surface energy flux measurements in a flooded and an aerobic rice field using a single eddy-covariance system     

Daniele Masseroni  Arianna Facchi  Marco Romani  Enrico Antonio Chiaradia  Olfa Gharsallah  Claudio Gandolfi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(4):405-424

About 90 % of the global rice production takes place in Asia, while European production is quantitatively modest. Italy is the Europe’s leading producer, with over half of total production concentrated in a large, traditional paddy rice area in the north of the country. High irrigation requirement for continuous flooding encourages the adoption of water saving techniques. In 2013, an intense monitoring activity was conducted on two fields characterized by continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation regimes, with the aim of comparing their agronomical and hydrological effects, including their influence on the energy balance. An eddy covariance station was installed on the levee between the two fields, to monitor latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes as a function of wind direction. Additionally, the fields were instrumented with net radiometers, soil heat flux (G) plates, thermistors, tensiometers, and multilevel moisture probes. Three footprint models were applied to determine position and size of the footprint area at each monitoring time step, providing similar results. Two half-hourly turbulent fluxes datasets were obtained, one for each irrigation regime, each one comprising about 10 % of the daytime time steps over the agricultural season. The reliability of the monitoring performed with a single EC station was confirmed by the energy balance closure (H + LE versus R_n-G), showing an imbalance lower than 10 % for both the regimes. A detailed analysis of the effect of the storage terms on the ground heat flux estimation and a more thorough analysis of the radiation balance for the two plots were also performed.  相似文献   

Characterization,specificity and sensibility of produced anti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis> vitellogenin in Brazilian fish species     

Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa  Dandie Antunes Bozza  Luiz Eduardo Rizzo  Juan Garcia  Michele Dietrich Moura Costa  Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(6):1721-1732

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread used and can interfere on hormone regulation with adverse consequences for both biota and human. Vitellogenin (vtg) is a yolk precursor protein synthesized by the liver in response to estrogen. In order to characterize the vtg of tropical fish Rhamdia quelen and establish a molecular biomarker, adult male individuals were exposed to 17-β-estradiol (E₂) for vtg induction and anti-R. quelen vtg polyclonal antibodies production. Vitellogenic female fish were used as positive control group. E₂-induced vtg was characterized as a glycolipophosphoprotein of high molecular mass with peptide mass fingerprint very similar in E₂-exposed male and vitellogenic female fish. A polyclonal serum containing anti-R. quelen vtg antibodies was produced and showed high specificity and sensibility to detect the vtg of three fish species: R. quelen, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Prochilodus lineatus. Wildlife and laboratory studies reported that EDCs released into the environment may alter the levels of plasma vtg in male fish, making this protein a valuable biomarker of xenoestrogens exposure. Then, we propose the use of anti-R. quelen vtg as a tool for biomonitoring studies and water quality assessment in Brazil and South American countries where the three fish species occur.  相似文献   

Potential for increasing the zinc content in common bean using genetic improvement     

Simone Saydelles da Rosa  Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro  Evandro Jost  Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger  Daniele Piano Rosa  Taiguer Cerutti  Micheli Thaise Della Flora Possobom 《Euphytica》2010,175(2):207-213

A large proportion of the world’s population is at risk of developing symptoms of zinc deficiency due to its low levels in food. The objective of this research was to estimate the heritability in early hybrid generations for the zinc content character in seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), to investigate possible maternal effects on zinc contents and to evaluate the potential for genetic improvement. Reciprocal F₁, and F₂ generations as well as backcross (RCP₁ and RCP₂) populations were produced by crosses of three cultivars. The seed zinc content was measured by the nitric-perchloric digestion method and using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The range of variation in zinc content among tested progenies was from 21.76 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter to 53.48 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was discovered. Narrow sense heritability was of an intermediate 57.5% to high 77.84% value and transgressive segregation was observed. These results suggest that breeding for increased zinc content in the seeds of common bean can be quite successful; an increase of 37.3% was obtained using just the three parents tested in this study.  相似文献   

Characterization of high purity lycopene from tomato wastes using a new pressurized extraction approach     

Naviglio D  Caruso T  Iannece P  Aragòn A  Santini A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6227-6231

In this paper, a method for the extraction of high purity lycopene from tomato wastes is presented. The method is based on a pressurized extraction that uses the Extractor Naviglio, and it is performed in the 0.7-0.9 MPa range. Tomato skin, the byproduct deriving from manufacturing of tomato, in a water dispersion, are used as starting material. Lycopene is transferred, for the effect of the high pressure used, in the form of molecular aggregates into the water as a dispersion, while apolar compounds remain in the matrix. The aggregates are easily purified in a single subsequent step by using methanol, thus, obtaining lycopene at 98% chromatographic purity or higher. A new stationary phase, phenyl-hexyl silicone, and a simple water/acetonitrile gradient were used for HPLC analysis of lycopene. The extract was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An average recovery of 2.8 mg lycopene/kg tomato waste can be obtained after 4 hours of extraction and using tap water as the extracting liquid. The recovery percentage was of about 10%. The exhausted tomato byproduct can be easily dried and used in agriculture or as feeding for animals.  相似文献   

Ground peach pits: alternative substrate component for seedling production     

Patrícia Mieth  Maristela Machado Araujo  Maria Helena Fermino  Suelen Carpenedo Aimi  Daniele Rodrigues Gomes  Juliana de Marques Vilella 《林业研究》2019,(5):1779-1791

The exploitation of agro-industrial wastes is a strategy to add value to seedling production and reduce environmental problems.The production chain for processed peaches generates,approximately,21,000 tons of fruit worldwide,and the pits are used mainly to generate energy.The objective of the study was to investigate the use of different proportions of ground peach pits(GPP)as a substrate component for seedling growth of Eucalyptus dunnii in the nursery and field.Different proportions of GPP mixed with either commercial substrate(CS)or with brown peat(BP)were tested.The physical and chemical properties of the substrates,the morphological and physiological attributes of the seedlings and their correlation with substrate properties were evaluated.The GPP increased the density,aeration space and pH and reduced total porosity,liquid retention and electric conductivity of the substrate.The use of this component resulted in hormesis,a biphasic dose–response model in which low levels of exposure to this component stimulated biological performance of plants and high levels of exposure inhibited performance.For improved seedling growth in the nursery and adequate post-planting development of E.dunnii,GPP with CS is recommended at 20%of the total substrate and with BP between 15 and 30%.  相似文献   

Sensitivity analysis of C and N modules in biogeochemical crop and grassland models following manure addition to soil     

Daniele Cavalli  Gianni Bellocchi  Martina Corti  Pietro Marino Gallina  Luca Bechini 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(4):833-846

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Occurrence of the colistin resistance mcr‐1 gene in soils from intensive vegetable production and native vegetation     

Camila C. Oliveira  Eliene S. Lopes  Daniele R. Barbosa  Ramon L. Pimenta  Nelson M. B. A. Sobrinho  Shana M. O. Coelho  Miliane M. S. Souza  Irene S. Coelho 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(4):876-881

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