The effect of fentanyl on the end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration needed to prevent motor movement in dogs     

Sabrina Reilly  Reza Seddighi  Christine M Egger  Barton W Rohrbach  Thomas J Doherty  Wen Qu  James R Johnson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(3):290-296

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fentanyl on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane needed to prevent motor movement (MAC_NM) in response to noxious stimulation, and to evaluate if acute tolerance develops.Study designRandomized cross-over experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy, adult (2–3 years old), intact male, mixed-breed dogs weighing 16.2 ± 1.1 kg.MethodsSix dogs were randomly assigned to receive one of three separate treatments over a 3 week period. After baseline sevoflurane MAC_NM (MAC_NM-B) determination, fentanyl treatments (T) were administered as a loading dose (Ld) and constant rate infusion (CRI) as follows: T1-Ld of 7.5 μg kg^?1 and CRI at 3 μg kg^?1 hour^?1; T2-Ld of 15 μg kg^?1 and CRI at 6.0 μg kg ^?1 hour^?1; T3-Ld of 30 μg kg^?1 and CRI at 12 μg kg^?1 hour^?1. The MAC_NM was defined as the minimum end-tidal sevoflurane concentration preventing motor movement. The first post-treatment MAC_NM (MAC_NM-I) determination was initiated 90 minutes after the start of the CRI, and a second MAC_NM (MAC_NM-II) determination was initiated 3 hours after MAC_NM-I was established.ResultsThe overall least square mean MAC_NM-B for all groups was 2.66%. All treatments decreased (p < 0.05) MAC_NM, and the decrease from baseline was 22%, 35% and 41% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Percentage change in T1 differed (p < 0.05) from T2 and T3; however, T2 did not differ from T3. MAC_NM-I was not significantly different from MAC_NM-II within treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceFentanyl doses in the range of 3–12 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 significantly decreased the sevoflurane MAC_NM. Clinically significant tolerance to fentanyl did not occur under the study conditions.  相似文献   

Metabolic fate of 2,4-dichlorophenol and related plant residues in rats     

Pascal-Lorber S  Despoux S  Jamin EL  Canlet C  Cravedi JP  Laurent F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(7):1728-1736

This study compared the metabolic fate of [(14)C]-DCP, [(14)C]-residues from radish plants, and purified [(14)C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose following oral administration in rats. A rapid excretion of radioactivity in urine occurred for [(14)C]-DCP, [(14)C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose, and soluble residues, 69, 85, and 69% within 48 h, respectively. Radio-HPLC profiles of 0-24 h urine from rats fed [(14)C]-DCP and [(14)C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose were close and qualitatively similar to those obtained from plant residues. No trace of native plant residues was detected under the study conditions. The structures of the two major peaks were identified by MS as the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of DCP. The characterization of a dehydrated glucuronide conjugate by MS and NMR of DCP was unusual. In contrast to soluble residues, bound residues were mainly excreted in feces, 90% within 48 h, whereas total residues were eliminated in both urine and feces. For total residues, the radioactivity in feces was higher than expected from the percentage of soluble and bound residues in radish plants. This result highlighted that less absorption took place when residues were present in the plant matrix as compared to plant-free residues and DCP.  相似文献   

Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Bacaba ( Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) Fruit by HPLC-DAD-MS(n)     

FD Abadio Finco  DR Kammerer  R Carle  WH Tseng  S Böser  L Graeve 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(31):7665-7673

The phytochemicals in fruits have been shown to be major bioactive compounds with regard to health benefits. Bacaba ( Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) is a native palm fruit from the Brazilian savannah and Amazon rainforest that plays an important role in the diet of rural communities and is also a source of income for poor people. This paper reports the characterization and analyses of phenolics from bacaba fruit extract. The total phenolic content of bacaba fruit amounted to 1759.27 ± 1.01 mg GAE/100 g, the flavonoid content was 1134.32 ± 0.03 mg CTE/100 g, and the anthocyanin content was 34.69 ± 0.00 mg cyn-3-glc/100 g. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through different assays [ORAC, FRAP, DPPH, TEAC, and cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) assays] and revealed a significant antioxidant capacity for bacaba in comparison to the data available in the literature. The assignment of the phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD-MS(n) was based on the evaluation of their UV-vis absorption maxima (λ(max)) and mass spectral analyses, and 14 compounds were tentatively identified. The results suggest that bacaba fruits are a promising source of phenolics.  相似文献   

A potential biomarker of androgen exposure in European bullhead (Cottus sp.) kidney     

Mélanie Villeret  Sabrina Jolly  Laure Wiest  Emmanuelle Vulliet  Anne Bado-Nilles  Jean-Marc Porcher  Stéphane Betoulle  Christophe Minier  Wilfried Sanchez 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(3):573-580

The aim of this study was to identify a signal that could be used as an androgen exposure indicator in the European bullhead (Cottus sp.). For this purpose, the ultra-structure of the kidney was characterized to identify normal structure of this organ, and histological changes previously described in the kidney of breeding male bullheads were quantified using the kidney epithelium height (KEH) assay previously developed and validated for the stickleback. In the next step, the effect of trenbolone acetate (TbA), a model androgen, was assessed to identify potential androgenic regulation of bullhead kidney hypertrophy. Measurement of KEH performed on adult non-breeding male and female bullheads exposed for 14 and 21 days to 0, 1.26 and 6.50 μg/L showed that kidney hypertrophy is induced in a dose-dependent manner, confirming the hypothesis that the European bullhead possesses a potential biomarker of androgen exposure. Combined with the wide distribution of the European bullhead in European countries and the potential of this fish species for environmental toxicology studies in field and laboratory conditions, the hypothesis of a potential biomarker of androgen exposure offers interesting perspectives for the use of the bullhead as a relevant sentinel fish species in monitoring studies. Inducibility was observed with high exposure concentrations of TbA. Further studies are needed to identify molecular signals that could be more sensitive than KEH.  相似文献   

Dung‐inhabiting fungi: a potential reservoir of novel secondary metabolites for the control of plant pathogens          下载免费PDF全文

Sabrina Sarrocco 《Pest management science》2016,72(4):643-652

Coprophilous fungi are a large group of saprotrophic fungi mostly found in herbivore dung. The number of these fungi undergoing investigation is continually increasing, and new species and genera continue to be described. Dung‐inhabiting fungi play an important ecological role in decomposing and recycling nutrients from animal dung. They produce a large array of bioactive secondary metabolites and have a potent enzymatic arsenal able to utilise even complex molecules. Bioactive secondary metabolites are actively involved in interaction with and defence against other organisms whose growth can be inhibited, resulting in an enhanced ecological fitness of producer strains. Currently, these antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites are of interest in medicine in particular, while very little information is available concerning their potential use in agriculture. This review introduces the ecology of dung‐inhabiting fungi, with particular emphasis on the production of antibiotic compounds as a means to compete with other microorganisms. Owing to the fast pace of technological progress, new approaches to predicting the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites are proposed. Coprophilous fungi should be considered as elite candidate organisms for the discovery of novel antifungal compounds, above all in view of their exploitation for crop protection. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Toxicological and biochemical response of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana after exposure to deltamethrin     

Lucas Forlani  M Patricia Juárez  Sabrina Lavarías  Nicolás Pedrini 《Pest management science》2014,70(5):751-756

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Evaluation of specificity of tuberculosis diagnostic assays in caprine flocks under different epidemiological situations     

Bezos J  Álvarez J  Mínguez O  Marqués S  Martín O  Vigo V  Pieltain C  Romero B  Rodríguez S  Casal C  Mateos A  Domínguez L  de Juan L 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):636-640

The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the most widely used tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests, single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) and single comparative intradermal tuberculin (SCIT) tests and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay in 937 animals from eight TB-free caprine flocks under different epidemiological situations. Maximum specificity was found using SCIT test (99.4-100% depending on the interpretation criteria) while SIT test and IFN-γ assay showed a slightly lower overall specificity (97.6-99.2% and 96.4-98.4% respectively). Specificity of the SIT test in a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infected flock was significantly (P<0.05) lower if a severe interpretation criterion was applied. Similarly, specificity values of SIT test and particularly IFN-γ assay in a paratuberculosis (PTB)-vaccinated flock were lower than those observed in non-vaccinated flocks. Higher proportion of false positive reactors to TB tests (SIT and IFN-γ assay) were observed among animals positive in the PTB-ELISA in PTB vaccinated flock. These results demonstrate that TB diagnostic tests show an adequate specificity when performed in goats from TB-free flocks in most situations. However, certain factors such as C. pseudotuberculosis infection and paratuberculosis vaccination can have a negative impact in the most sensitive tests.  相似文献   

Effect of Two Instrument Designs on Laparoscopic Skills Performance     

Sabrina L. Barry DVM  Boel A. Fransson DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS  Benjamin F. Spall DVM  John M. Gay DVM PhD Diplomate ACVPM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(8):988-993

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Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibody levels in sera of atopic dermatitis affected and non-affected Labrador- and Golden retrievers     

Lauber B  Molitor V  Meury S  Doherr MG  Favrot C  Tengvall K  Bergvall K  Leeb T  Roosje P  Marti E 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):112-118

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic skin disease associated with IgE and IgG antibodies (Ab) to environmental allergens. The aim of this study was to determine which other factors influence serum Ab levels in CAD-affected and non-affected dogs as this has only been poorly investigated in dogs so far. Total and allergen-specific IgE levels and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF)-specific IgG1 and IgG4 were measured by ELISA in sera of 145 CAD-affected and 271 non-affected Labrador- and Golden retrievers. A multivariable logistic regression analysis including the factors age, breed, gender, castration, clinical CAD status and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) was performed. Golden retrievers had more frequently total (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.26-2.87, p<0.01) and specific IgE levels above the threshold value than Labrador retrievers, suggesting that genetic factors influence IgE levels in dogs. Castration was generally associated with low Ab levels (OR=0.43-0.65, p<0.05). Surprisingly, dogs with CAD did not have increased odds for high IgE against any of the allergens tested. ASIT with DF was associated with high DF-specific IgG1 (OR=4.32, 95% CI 1.46-12.8, p<0.01) but was not associated with DF-specific IgG4 or decreased IgE levels. Further studies are needed to understand the role of allergen-specific IgE in CAD and of IgG1 in ASIT.  相似文献   

Assessing foliar chlorophyll contents with the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter: a calibration test with thirteen tree species of tropical rainforest in French Guiana     

Sabrina Coste  Christopher Baraloto  Céline Leroy  Éric Marcon  Amélie Renaud  Andrew D. Richardson  Jean-Christophe Roggy  Heidy Schimann  Johan Uddling  Bruno Hérault 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(6):607-607

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• Chlorophyll meters such as the SPAD-502 offer a simple, inexpensive and rapid method to estimate foliar chlorophyll content. However, values provided by SPAD-502 are unitless and require empirical calibrations between SPAD units and extracted chlorophyll values.  相似文献    [首页] « 上一页 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] 9 [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] 下一页 » 末  页»