Modes of inheritance of two apomixis components,diplospory and parthenogenesis,in Chinese chive (Allium ramosum) revealed by analysis of the segregating population generated by back-crossing between amphimictic and apomictic diploids     

Ken-ichiro Yamashita  Yoshiko Nakazawa  Kiyoshi Namai  Masayuki Amagai  Hikaru Tsukazaki  Tadayuki Wako  Akio Kojima 《Breeding Science》2012,62(2):160-169

To investigate the mode of inheritance of apomixis in Chinese chive, the degrees of diplospory and parthenogenesis were evaluated in F₁ and BC₁ progenies derived from crosses between amphimictic and apomictic diploids (2n = 16, 2x). The F₁ population was generated by crossing three amphimictic diploids 94Mo13, 94Mo49 and 94Mo50 with an apomictic diploid KaD2 and comprised 110 diploids and 773 triploids. All the diploid F₁ plants examined were completely or highly eusporous and completely syngamic. All the triploid F₁ plants examined were highly diplosporous and highly parthenogenetic. KaD2 could not transmit its high level of apomixis via monoploid pollen grains. The BC₁ population, generated by crossing 94Mo49 with apomictic triploids found in the F₁ offspring, exhibited heteroploidy; it comprised haploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid and various aneuploid individuals. In this generation, clear segregation was observed between diplospory and parthenogenesis. Analysis of the BC₁ population suggests that diplospory and parthenogenesis are each controlled by single dominant genes, D and P, respectively. However, all the BC₁ plants characterized as parthenogenetic were diplosporous. The absence of phenotypically eusporous parthenogenetic plants can be explained by assuming that the presence of diplospory gene is a prerequisite for the parthenogenesis gene expression in Chinese chive.  相似文献   

镉胁迫下二倍体和同源四倍体油菜DNA甲基化差异分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟华兵  杜雪  姜宇晓  朴学成  郭万里  蒋立希 《核农学报》2010,24(6):1297-1304

二倍体与四倍体在逆境抗性上的差别可以从表观遗传学的角度予以解释。本研究以“矮脚黄”纯合二倍体和同源四倍体油菜为材料,采用DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析（Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP）方法和HDA-GT12TM全自动凝胶毛细管核酸电泳检测技术,在全基因组水平上研究了CdCl2胁迫下油菜二倍体和四倍体DNA序列中CCGG位点的甲基化水平及模式变化特征差异。采用56对引物在4个处理样品中共检测出9 687个基因位点。结果显示,二倍体和四倍体在镉胁迫下,其总甲基化水平、全甲基化水平和半甲基化水平较各自的对照均有一定程度的上升。由此可见,镉胁迫导致四倍体和二倍体甲基化水平的提高,但四倍体基因组在镉胁迫下拥有更高的DNA甲基化水平。DNA甲基化模式分析表明,镉胁迫导致二倍体和四倍体的过甲基化位点数均高于去甲基化位点数,二者在镉胁迫下去甲基化位点数差异不大,但四倍体发生过甲基化的位点数要明显多于二倍体。  相似文献   

Artificial induction of androgenetic diploid in Yellow catfish （Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）     

XU Hui FAN Zhaoting CHEN Weixing FANG Jingjie 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2007,14(2):110-114

Androgenesis was the especial zoogamy that the germ plasma of offspring was from the agnate.In this study the eggs of Yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)were irradiated by UV suspending in the synthetic ovarian fluid(OF),and the total dosage of UV irradiation was 220 mJ·cm~(-2).Diploid could be induced by heat shock(40℃,2 min,3 min)with different time period after fertilization(15-37 min).The result showed that heat shock with 2 min was better than 3 min;there were two apices of induction in 17-21 min and 27-31 min after fertilization.The highest hatching rate was 3.30% at 29 min after fertilization,and the difference between two apices of induction was unobvious.  相似文献   

Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Potato Genotypes Originating from Wild Species     

K. M. Swiezynski    M. T. Sieczka    L. S. Sujkowski    H. Zarzycka  E. Zimnoch-Guzowska   《Plant Breeding》1991,107(1):28-38

The reaction to P. infestans in the foliage and tubers of potato was evaluated in resistant genotypes and in their progeny. The genotypes originated from wild species known to carry genes for specific resistance. Evidence was obtained that three types of resistance to P. infestans were presented in the genotypes: (1) Resistance due to major, dominant genes was predominant. The presence of these genes was expressed in both foliage and tubers and did not influence maturity. Some of the genes were R genes, providing specific resistance, but for others this could not be determined as they were effective against the fungus inoculum with the highest virulence available: 1.2.3.4.5.7.10.11. (2) Resistance was present, associated with late maturity. (3) Tuber resistance was present, expressed after inoculation of whole tubers but not after inoculation of tuber slices. Testing of the progeny was essential for the determination of the type of resistance present in the genotypes evaluated.  相似文献   

A comparison of diploid and tetraploid turnips (Brassica campestris SSP. Rapifera)     

S. Gowers 《Euphytica》1977,26(1):203-206

Summary Five lines of tetraploid turnips and their diploid progenitors were examined. Diallel crosses were made at each level of ploidy and trial results showed that in all cases the diploids outyielded their respective tetraploids for dry matter production.  相似文献   

Chromosome numbers of Tulipa species and the occurrence of hexaploidy     

G. H. Kroon  M. C. Jongerius 《Euphytica》1986,35(1):73-76

Summary Chromosome numbers of Tulipa species were determined. For the first time hexaploidy was found in the genus. It became clear that in many species or subspecies several ploidy levels may occur.  相似文献   

Superior performance of two homozygous diploid lines from naturally occurring polyhaploids in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)     

K. F. Thompson 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):127-135

Summary Homozygous diploids in oilseed rape were produced by pipetting drops of 0.1 per cent colchicine into the leaf axils of rooted cuttings from naturally occurring polyhaploids after removing the waxy covering with a scalpel. Trial results from spring and winter rape showed that occasional homozygous diploid lines yielded consistently more oil per ha than the parental varieties. Prospects for breeding oilseed rape as a self-fertilised crop are discussed.  相似文献   

Production of yellow-seeded Brassica napus through interspecific crosses   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

M. H. Rahman   《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):463-472

Yellow‐seeded Brassica napus was developed from interspecific crosses between yellow‐seeded Brassica rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ (AA), black‐seeded Brassica alboglabra (CC), yellow‐seeded Brassica carinata (Bbcc) and black‐seeded B. napus (AACC). Three different interspecific crossing approaches were undertaken. Approaches 1 and 2 were designed directly to develop yellow‐seeded B. napus while approach 3 was designed to produce a yellow‐seeded CC genome species. Approaches 1 and 2 differed in the steps taken after trigenomic interspecific hybrids (ABC) were generated from B. carinata×B. rapa crosses. The aim of approach 1 was to transfer the yellow seed colour genes from the A to the C genome as an intermediate step in developing yellow‐seeded B. napus. For this purpose, the ABC hybrids were crossed with black‐seeded B. napus and the three‐way interspecific hybrids were self‐pollinated for a number of generations. The F₇ generation resulted in the yellowish‐brown‐seeded B. napus line, No. 06. Crossing this line with the B. napus line No. 01, resynthesized from a black‐seeded B. alboglabra x B. rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ cross (containing the yellow seed colour genes in its AA genome), yielded yellow‐seeded B. napus. This result indicated that the yellow seed colour genes were transferred from the A to the C genome in the yellowish‐brown seed colour line No. 06. In approach 2, trigenomic diploids (AABBCC) were generated from the above‐mentioned trigenomic haploids (ABC). The seed colour of the trigenomic diploid was brown, in contrast to the yellow seed colour of the parental species. Trigenomic diploids were crossed with the resynthesized B. napus line No. 01 to eliminate the B genome chromosomes, and to develop yellow‐seeded B. napus with the AA genome of ‘yellow sarson’ and the CC genome of B. carinata with yellow seed colour genes. This interspecific cross failed to generate any yellow‐seeded B. napus. Approach 3 was to develop yellow‐seeded CC genome species from B. alboglabra×B. carinata crosses. It was possible to obtain a yellowish‐brown seeded B. alboglabra, but crossing this B. alboglabra with B. rapa var.‘yellow sarson’ failed to produce yellow seed in the resynthesized B. napus. The results of approaches 2 and 3 demonstrated that yellow‐seeded B. napus cannot be developed by combining the yellow seed colour genes of the CC genome of yellow‐seeded B. carinata and the AA genome of ‘yellow sarson’.  相似文献   

Prehaustorial resistance to the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, in Triticum monococcum (s.s.)     

Corine C. Anker  Rients E. Niks 《Euphytica》2001,117(3):209-215

Diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum s.l., is a host for the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina. Some accessions have been reported to show a high degree of prehaustorial resistance. This is non-hypersensitivity resistance, which acts before the formation of haustoria by the pathogen. To assess the frequency of prehaustorial resistance 598 accessions of diploid wheat were inoculated with the wheat leaf rust isolate Felix. Most T. monococcum s.s. accessions (84%) were resistant whereas all T. urartu and all but three T. boeoticumaccessions were susceptible. Histological components analysis revealed that a high percentage of prehaustorial resistance to P. triticina was found in only three T. monococcum accessions. No haustoria were observed in such infection units confirming the prehaustorial nature of the resistance. Prehaustorial abortion of certain infection units in an accession always coincided with posthaustorial abortion of the other infection units. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

基于荧光原位杂交草莓属野生种的45S rDNA位点分析     

翁天均  汪卫星  梁国鲁 《中国果业信息》2020,49(5)

草莓属(n=7)植物的分类、进化研究取得了一定的进展,但分子细胞遗传学证据较少。本研究以来自国内外的8个二倍体种、4个四倍体种和1个五倍体种、1个六倍体种、1个八倍体种,不同品种或类型共48份种质为材料,利用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)对所有材料染色体上的45S rDNA位点进行分析。结果显示,45S rDNA位点数量与倍性相同,主要位于染色体的端部和中部;不同材料中,45S rDNA拷贝数与位置存在差异,可分为以下几种情况：第一,不同位点的拷贝数相近,位置也相同;第二,拷贝数不同,位置相同;第三,拷贝数不同,位置不同;第四,拷贝数相近,位置不同。根据45S rDNA位点位置和拷贝数推断：参试的部分二倍体及所有多倍体均为杂种起源。上述结果可为草莓属植物的分类、进化研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献