不同激活方法对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌发育及二倍体形成的影响     

赵天闯  张鹏  陈玥  高飞  唐博  李子义 《中国兽医学报》2011,31(8)

卵母细胞的孤雌激活是研究哺乳动物受精机制和发育机理的有效方法,也是细胞核移植、显微注射受精技术、孤雌胚胎干细胞等研究内容中的重要环节。本试验分别用乙醇、SrCl2、钙离子载体A23187对小鼠卵母细胞进行单独孤雌激活,并分别与6-DMAP联合运用,对小鼠卵母细胞进行联合孤雌激活。结果显示：（1）不同激活剂单独或联合激活,对卵母细胞的激活率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,SrCl2组的激活率最高（92%～94%）;（2）相同激活剂对卵母细胞孤雌囊胚的发育率在单独激活组（SrCl2组,18%）和联合激活组（SrCl2＋6-DMA组,53%）中存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;（3）相同激活剂对卵母细胞二倍体率在单独激活组（钙离子载体A23187组,21%）和联合激活组（钙离子载体A23187＋6-DMA组,77%）中均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。结果表明：（1）SrCl2可以对小鼠卵母细胞进行有效的孤雌激活;（2）联合激活法可以显著提高孤雌卵母细胞的囊胚发育率;3、6-DMAP可以抑制第二极体排出,显著提高孤雌激活卵母细胞的二倍体率。  相似文献   

二倍体和同源四倍体‘辣椒枣’减数分裂的比较     

吴改娥  刘平  刘孟军  刘冠楠 《园艺学报》2011,38(5):867-874

 观察了‘辣椒枣’（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.‘Lajiaozao’）二倍体和四倍体花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程,并将其减数分裂的各个时期加以系统分析。结果表明,与二倍体相比,同源四倍体终变期染色体构型复杂,有单价体、二价体、三价体和四价体出现,并且此时期出现双核仁,且核仁一大一小;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ有部分染色体游离于赤道板外;后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体及染色体桥现象;四分体时期还出现了二分体、含微核的异常三分体和含微核的异常四分体;减数分裂行为异常是同源四倍体‘辣椒枣’育性降低的细胞学原因。  相似文献   

A comparative study of growth and feed utilization efficiency of sex-reversed diploid and triploid Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.     

Jamjun Pechsiri  & Amararatne Yakupitiyage 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(1):45-51

Growth performance, survival and feed utilization of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) sex‐reversed male and female Nile tilapia were evaluated at maintenance feeding (1% body weight (BW) day^?1), fixed feeding (3% BW day^?1) and apparent satiation feeding levels in a freshwater recirculation system comprised of thirty‐six 1‐m³ concrete tanks at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. Triploid Nile tilapia (3n) was produced by subjecting fertilized diploid (2n) tilapia eggs to heat shock. After hatching, fish were sex‐reversed to all‐male and all‐female populations by oral administration of 17 α‐methyltestosterone (60 mg kg^?1 feed) and ethynylestradiol (100 mg kg^?1 feed) respectively. There was significantly higher growth with increased ration levels in both male and female groups. There were no significant differences in final BW, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio between diploid and triploid fish. Triploids had lower gonad weights than diploids, and this was particularly evident at the satiation feeding level. Triploid fish had a significantly higher apparent net protein utilization and percentage of gutted weight than diploids at all feeding levels. Higher protein utilization efficiency of triploids might be an advantage for commercial tilapia culture but further research is necessary to make such a conclusion.  相似文献   

虾夷扇贝二倍体与三倍体脂肪酸组成的比较   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

陈炜 《水产学报》2002,26(2):139-142

采用毛细管色谱柱对虾夷扇贝二倍体与三倍体的脂肪酸组成进行了检测。结果表明 :①两者闭壳肌和外套膜的脂肪酸组成相似 ,特征为多烯酸 (PUFA) >饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) >单烯酸 (MUFA) ,PUFA以n 3系列为主 ,主要脂肪酸为 2 2∶6n 3(2 3.9%～ 2 8.9% )、2 0∶5n 3(17.6 %～ 2 0 .6 % )、16∶0 (11.0 %～ 19.4 % )、18∶0 (7.3%～8.1% )、2 0∶4n 6 (2 .8%～ 5 .5 % ) ;②生殖腺的脂肪酸种类相似 ,但两者多数脂肪酸的含量差异显著 ,其中三倍体的SFA和MUFA含量显著高于二倍体 (P <0 .0 1) ,而PUFA含量显著低于二倍体 (P <0 .0 1)。  相似文献   

二倍体泥鳅×四倍体泥鳅F_1不同发育阶段染色体核型分析     

周贺  马海艳  赵睿  江振华  林忠乔  钱聪  李雅娟 《东北农业大学学报》2015,(7)

以中国长江流域天然四倍体泥鳅为父本,大连农贸市场二倍体泥鳅为母本,通过倍间杂交获得杂交三倍体泥鳅,对早期胚胎、6月龄及12月龄染色体核型进行初步分析。结果表明,早期胚胎整3倍体染色体数目为3n=75,核型为16M+7SM+52T,NF=98,亚三倍体染色体数目为3n=73,核型为15M+6SM+52T,NF=94,超三倍体染色体数目为3n=76,核型为16M+6SM+54T,NF=98;6月龄整三倍体染色体数目为3n=75,核型为15M+6SM+54T,NF=96,亚三倍体染色体数目为3n=72,核型为15M+6SM+51T,NF=93,超三倍体染色体数目为3n=77,核型为15M+6SM+56T,NF=98;12月龄整三倍体染色体数目为3n=75,核型为12M+8SM+55T,NF=95;亚三倍体染色体数目为3n=71,核型为16M+6SM+49T,NF=93,超三倍体染色体数目为3n=76,核型为18M+8SM+50T,NF=102。结果表明,二倍体泥鳅×四倍体泥鳅杂交后代是含有三套染色体组的三倍体,不同发育阶段整三倍体染色体数目相同,均为3n=75,但染色体核型表现多态性。非整倍体(超三倍和亚三倍)中增加和缺少的染色体数目及类型无规律可循。  相似文献   

森林草莓‘Hawaii4’高效遗传转化系统的建立     

周鹤莹  张玮  张卿  曹庆芹  沈元月  秦岭  邢宇 《北京农学院学报》2015,30(1):10-14

以森林草莓‘Hawaii 4’离体叶片为试验材料,对叶龄、暗培养、植物生长调节剂种类及其配比和抗生素敏感性进行研究,建立森林草莓‘Hawaii 4’高效稳定的遗传转化系统。研究结果显示:49d叶龄的叶片在含有3.0mg/L 6-BA,0.1mg/L IBA的MS培养基上暗培养3d时叶片的再生频率最高,再生频率可达到88%。另外,在农杆菌介导的遗传转化过程中,300mg/L羧苄青霉素具有最适的农杆菌抑制效果;用于阳性植株筛选的卡那霉素,最适质量浓度为20mg/L。通过GFP荧光观察及PCR检测,获得阳性植株的遗传转化效率可达18%。  相似文献   

二倍体马铃薯原生质体培养与植株再生     

刘文萍  刘建新  南相日  张丽娟  盛万民  张举梅 《黑龙江农业科学》2015,(1)

原生质体培养是体细胞杂交的基础,同时也是获得变异材料的重要手段。以引进的4个二倍体马铃薯为材料,研究了渗透浓度、酶液组成、酶解时间及材料预处理对原生质体产量和活力的影响。结果表明:预处理是原生质体成活、分裂及后期发育的重要条件,处理D预处理效果最好,原生质产量和活力最高,且有较多细胞分裂;马铃薯原生质体适宜的渗透浓度为0.35~0.40mol·L-1;RH2和RH3酶解时间以4h为宜,RH1和RH4酶解时间以4.5h为宜;酶解液为2.0%纤维素酶和0.2%果胶酶的混合液。基因型对原生质体培养影响较大。经过培养,有2个二倍体材料获得了再生植株。  相似文献   

An investigation of the level of reducing sugars in diploid potatoes before and after cold storage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henryka Jakuczun  Kazimiera Zgórska  Ewa Zimnochguzowska 《Potato Research》1995,38(4):331-338

Summary The reducing sugar content and chip colour were studied in diploid potatoes bred for superior table and chipping quality. The reducing sugar content in the tubers of 119 diploid clones was estimated before and after cold storage (4–6°C) in the years 1987–1991, and reducing sugar and chip colour were determined in 1990 and 1991 for 36 clones. Thirty two clones had a significantly lower reducing sugar content after cold storage than cv. Mila. The year of evaluation, storage temperature and genotype significantly affected the reducing sugar content.  相似文献   

Berry and seed production using stored pollen of aSolanum phureja clone     

M. J. De Maine 《Potato Research》1988,31(3):385-387

Summary Pollen of theSolanum phureja clone IVP48 was stored with silica gel desiccant at −15°C for periods ranging from one month to five years. When used to pollinate anotherS. phureja clone there was a significant negative correlation of pollen age with the number of seeds produced per berry. The frequency of berry production and number of seeds per pollination, however, did not show significant negative correlations and berry production varied unpredictably with pollen of different ages. Each year of pollen storage reduced the average number of seeds produced per berry to about 60 per cent of the preceding year's.  相似文献   

甜菜M14品系与二倍体栽培甜菜耐盐性的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李洪丽  杨娜  端木慧子 《植物营养与肥料学报》2020,26(1):191-200

【目的】甜菜属于耐盐碱作物,通过比较两个优质甜菜材料的耐盐性,为甜菜育种提供科学依据。【方法】本试验以甜菜M14品系(18+1条染色体)和来自同一亲本分离得到的二倍体栽培甜菜(18条染色体)为试验材料,在正常和200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下进行水培试验。在处理0、1、3、5、7天后,采集幼苗样品,测定株高、根长,分析K^+、Na^+、丙二醛(MDA)和甜菜碱含量,测定主要抗氧化物酶基因(SOD、CAT、APX、GR)和甜菜碱合成基因(CMO、BADH)的转录水平及以上6个基因编码酶活性。【结果】1)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料的株高和根长均无明显差异;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系的株高和根长均优于二倍体。2)正常条件下,M14品系与二倍体的根吸收K^+和Na^+的能力相似,代谢过程中产生甜菜碱的量相当;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,两个甜菜材料根中的K^+、Na^+含量差异不显著,而M14品系根中的甜菜碱含量高于二倍体。3)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料根中的SOD、CAT、APX、GR、CMO和BADH基因转录水平差异均不显著;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系根中的SOD和GR基因转录水平均在第1天时高于二倍体,CAT、APX、CMO和BADH基因转录水平在第3~5天显著高于二倍体。4)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料根中SOD、CAT、APX、GR、CMO和BADH活性差异不显著;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系根中各酶活性均显著高于二倍体。【结论】在200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,甜菜M14品系根部的甜菜碱含量较高,抗氧化物酶基因转录水平及酶活性均显著高于二倍体,表现出更高的耐盐性。  相似文献