Hypokalaemic episodic polymyopathy in cats fed a vegetarian diet     

A. LEON  SAF BAIN  WR LEVICK 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(10):249-254

A previously undocumented hypokalaemic condition with a cyclical nature, comprising acute bouts of polymyopathy followed by spontaneous recoveries, is described in the cat. Cats being fed a high protein vegetarian diet developed recurrent episodes of polymyopathy, characterised by ventroflexion of the head and neck, stiff forelimb gait, lateral head-resting and generalised muscle weakness. Plasma potassium concentrations (mean +/- standard deviation) were reduced from 3.28 +/- 0.33 mmol/l at the beginning of the experiment to 2.45 +/- 0.24 mmol/l during bouts of myopathy. This hypokalaemia was associated with increased creatine kinase activities indicative of muscle damage, and decreased urinary potassium concentrations, and was caused by insufficient dietary potassium. Cats that received the same diet supplemented with potassium did not develop hypokalaemic polymyopathy. Spontaneous recoveries of affected cats were not associated consistently with increases in plasma potassium concentrations. Plasma taurine concentrations decreased and glutamic acid increased markedly in all cats fed the experimental diet. There was no evidence of thiamin deficiency associated with the high glutamic acid intake. Veterinarians should be aware that hypokalaemic cats, and in particular those on potassium-deficient diets, may show cyclical disease with episodes of polymyopathy recurring after periods of spontaneous clinical recovery. This condition in cats may be a useful animal model for familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in humans.  相似文献   

Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

Harms PA  Sorden SD  Halbur PG  Bolin SR  Lager KM  Morozov I  Paul PS 《Veterinary pathology》2001,38(5):528-539

Three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CD/CD) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, n = 13), concurrent PCV2 and PRRSV (PCV2/PRRSV, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. Necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. By 10 dpi, PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs had severe dyspnea, lethargy, and occasional icterus; after 10 dpi, mortality in this group was 10/11 (91%), and all PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs were dead by 20 dpi. PCV2-inoculated pigs developed lethargy and sporadic icterus, and 8/19 (42%) developed exudative epidermitis; mortality was 5/19 (26%). PRRSV-inoculated pigs developed dyspnea and mild lethargy that resolved by 28 dpi. Microscopic lesions consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were present in both PCV2- and PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs and included lymphoid depletion, necrotizing hepatitis, mild necrotizing bronchiolitis, and infiltrates of macrophages that occasionally contained basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid and other tissues. PCV2/ PRRSV-inoculated pigs also had severe proliferative interstitial pneumonia and more consistent hepatic lesions. The most severe lesions contained the greatest number of PCV2 antigen-containing cells. PRRSV-inoculated pigs had moderate proliferative interstitial pneumonia but did not develop bronchiolar or hepatic lesions or lymphoid depletion. All groups remained seronegative to porcine parvovirus. The results indicate that 1) PCV2 coinfection increases the severity of PRRSV-induced interstitial pneumonia in CD/CD pigs and 2) PCV2 but not PRRSV induces the lymphoid depletion, granulomatous inflammation, and necrotizing hepatitis characteristic of PMWS.  相似文献   

Utilisation of soft phosphate in diets with and without fish meal or supplemental calcium phosphate 1     

R. B. Christmas  B. L. Damron  R. H. Harms 《British poultry science》1973,14(3):245-250

Two experiments, involving 23 treatments, were conducted with broiler chicks in order to evaluate the utilisation of soft phosphate and calcium phosphate in practical corn‐soybean diets with and without added fish meal. Two levels of fish meal (3 and 6%) were evaluated. Comparable phosphorus and calcium levels were formulated in each of the three basal diets. Phosphorus supplementation was reduced to compensate for the phosphorus content of the fish meal.

There was no improvement in body weight when 3% fish meal was added to the diet, but with 6% added fish meal an increase in body weight was obtained as compared with chicks fed on diets containing o and 3% fish meal. Calcium phosphate‐supplemented diets gave better results than soft phosphate diets when fed with the o or the 3% fish meal diet. There was no difference in the performance of the chicks fed two inorganic phosphorus sources in the 6% fish meal diet. Maximum performance was obtained with soft phosphate in combination with 6% fish meal. Maximum performance was also obtained with soft phosphate when the phosphorus in fish meal was substituted with an equal amount from calcium phosphate. The level of fish meal in the diet did not effect bone ash of birds fed on calcium phosphate‐supplemented diets when ratios were comparable.

The addition of fish meal to the diet gave no increased advantages that could not be obtained when calcium phosphate supplied a comparable amount of phosphorus.  相似文献   

A comparison of phosphorus assay techniques with chicks. 4. Evaluation of a proposed calcium standard curve for calcium phosphate, soft phosphate and defluorinated phosphate     

B L Damron  R H Harms 《British poultry science》1969,10(4):327-330

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether previously suggested calcium levels were adequate for use in assaying phosphorus availability from soft phosphate, defluorinated phosphate, and calcium phosphate. Results indicate that the levels were capable of producing maximum growth rate and maximum bone ash.

The tibia ash data indicated that all sources of phosphorus were equal in biological availability. However, only defluorinated and calcium phosphate produced maximum growth. No explanation is given for the ability of soft phosphate to produce high bone mineralisation without maximum growth rate.  相似文献   

Methionine hydroxy analogue and lysine supplementation of low‐protein laying diets 1     

R. H. Harms  P. W. Waldroup 《British poultry science》1963,4(3):267-273

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Introduction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pedroli  Bas  Harms  Bert 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(1):1-12

The realization of strategies for sustainable land use assumes specificresearch concepts from the local to the global scale (micro-, meso- andmacroscale). Therefore, landscape ecological science has to provideinvestigation methods for all these different scales. By combiningtop-down and bottom-up approaches in addition tocoupled GIS-model applications and traditional methods, the investigation oflandscape ecological structures and processes seems to be possible. Thepresented studies show this approach on examples of two study areas in EasternGermany: A watershed of 400 km² and an administrativedistrict of about 4000 km². The scale-specificapplicability of several models and methods were tested for theseinvestigations, and the validation of the calculated results are presented. Animportant outcome of the project should be the prevention of conflicts betweenagriculture, water management and soil, and water and nature conservation;based onrecommendations for land use variants with decreased pollutant loading withinagricultural areas. The scale specific investigations can be considered as abase for establishing sustainable land use.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) following single intravenous and intramuscular injections.     

Allison D Tuttle  Mark Papich  Gregory A Lewbart  Shane Christian  Conny Gunkel  Craig A Harms 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):567-570

The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen (KTP) is a commonly used antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in reptile medicine, but no studies documenting its pharmacokinetics in this species have been published. Ketoprofen was administered as a racemic mixture to green iguanas (Iguana iguana) intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed and indicated that ketoprofen in iguanas administered by the intravenous route has a classical two-compartmental distribution pattern, a slow clearance (67 ml/ kg/hr) and a long terminal half-life (31 hr) compared to ketoprofen studies reported in mammals. When delivered by the intramuscular route, bioavailability was 78%. These data indicate the daily dosing that is generally recommended for reptile patients, as an extrapolation from mammalian data, may be more frequent than necessary.  相似文献   

Long- and short-term flooding effects on survival and sink-source relationships of swamp-adapted tree species     

Angelov MN  Sung SJ  Doong RL  Harms WR  Kormanik PP  Black Jr CC 《Tree physiology》1996,16(5):477-484

About 95% of swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Walt.) Sarg.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) seedlings survived continuous root flooding for more than two years, whereas none of the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and cherrybark oak (Q. falcata var. pagodifolia Ell.) seedlings survived one year of flooding. Death of oak seedlings occurred in phases associated with periods of major vegetative growth, e.g., after bud burst in spring, after summer stem elongation, and during the winter deciduous stage, suggesting that stored reserves and sources were inadequate to maintain the seedlings when vegetative sinks were forming. Additional evidence that flooding induced a source deficiency in oak was that leaves of flooded oak were 65 to 75% smaller than leaves of nonflooded oak. Flooded swamp tupelo seedlings had a normal leaf size and patchy stomatal opening compared with nonflooded seedlings. Flooding caused increases in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) specific activity in taproot cambial tissues and increases in starch concentrations of swamp tupelo seedlings that were reversed when seedlings were removed from flooding. Flooding had little effect on soluble sugar concentrations in swamp tupelo or sweetgum. In the long-term flood-dry-flood treatment, in which all species had survivors, upper canopy leaf photosynthetic rates were higher in all species during the dry period than in nonflooded controls, whereas their starch and soluble sugars concentrations were similar to those of nonflooded controls. Based on seedling survival and the sink-source relationships, the order of flood tolerance was: swamp tupelo > sweetgum > swamp chestnut oak > cherrybark oak.  相似文献   

Meloxicam pharmacokinetics using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling in ferrets after single subcutaneous administration     

S. K. Chinnadurai  K. M. Messenger  M. G. Papich  C. A. Harms 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(4):382-387

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, an oxicam class, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), in ferrets. We determined the pharmacokinetic properties of a single subcutaneous dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) in nine male and nine female ferrets. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the cranial vena cava into heparinized syringes. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to take advantage of the population‐based sampling scheme and to minimize sample volume collected per animal. Maximum plasma concentration, volume of distribution per absorption, and elimination half‐life were 0.663 μg/mL, 0.21 L, and 11.4 h, respectively, for females and 0.920 μg/mL, 0.35 L, and 17.8 h, respectively, for males. Significant differences were found in each of the above parameters between male and female ferrets. Systemic clearance per absorption was not affected by gender and was 13.4 mL/h. Analgesic efficacy was not evaluated, but plasma meloxicam concentrations achieved in these animals are considered effective in other species. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior of meloxicam should be taken into consideration when treating ferrets.  相似文献   

Negative findings from serological studies of equine morbillivirus in the Queensland horse population   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MP WARD  PF BLACK  AJ CHILDS  FC BALDOCK  WR WEBSTER  BJ RODWELL  SL BROUWER 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(3):241-243

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