Chicken anemia agent in the United States: isolation of the virus and detection of antibody in broiler breeder flocks   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M S McNulty  T J Connor  F McNeilly  D Spackman 《Avian diseases》1989,33(4):691-694

Chicken anemia agent (CAA) was isolated from broiler chickens in Texas with a blue wing or anemia dermatitis-like syndrome. Specific-pathogen-free chicks inoculated with field material developed anemia, and CAA was isolated in MDCC-MSB1 cells from bone marrow and lymphoid tissue from inoculated chicks. One isolate, designated EF88/78/276, was further characterized. Infectivity of EF88/78/276 was resistant to treatment with chloroform and with heat at 70 C for 5 minutes. EF88/78/276 was indistinguishable from the Cux-1 and Gifu-1 isolates of CAA by cross-neutralization tests. Almost all 1-day-old susceptible chicks inoculated intramuscularly with EF88/78/276 developed anemia, but contact-infected chicks did not. Antibody to CAA was detected in broiler breeder flocks from Texas, the Delmarva peninsula, and Alabama.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

SG Fenwick 《Australian veterinary journal》2004,82(4):241-241

  相似文献   

Chicken anemia agent: an electron microscopic study   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M S McNulty  W L Curran  D Todd  D P Mackie 《Avian diseases》1990,34(3):736-743

Particles of chicken anemia agent (CAA) negatively stained with uranyl acetate were found to be 26.5 nm in diameter. The surface detail evident on the particles indicated that the virus capsid was composed of 32 structural subunits arranged as in a class P = 3 icosahedron with a triangulation number of 3. Using mouse monoclonal antibodies to CAA and a gold-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG, CAA-specific structures were observed by thin-section electron microscopy in infected MDCC-MSB1 cells and in thymic lymphocytes from experimentally infected chicks. These consisted of electron-dense, granular, non-membrane-bound nuclear inclusions, which were often ring-shaped, and cytoplasmic accumulations of microtubules. Aggregates of virus-like particles were sometimes observed in the nuclei of infected MDCC-MSB1 cells. The nucleolar involvement that is characteristic of the morphogenesis of parvoviruses was not observed with CAA.  相似文献   

Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SG PEARCE  EC FIRTH  ND GRACE  PF FENNESSY 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):194-198

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.  相似文献   

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody to chicken anemia agent   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D Todd  D P Mackie  K A Mawhinney  T J Connor  F McNeilly  M S McNulty 《Avian diseases》1990,34(2):359-363

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to chicken anemia agent (CAA) has been developed. This test utilizes a CAA-specific mouse monoclonal antibody to selectively capture virus antigen. Chicken antibodies to CAA bind to the captured antigen and are detected with horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-chicken immunoglobulin using a conventional indirect ELISA protocol. When 388 chicken sera from specific-pathogen-free and commercial flocks from the United Kingdom, West Germany, the United States and Australia were examined, 98.5% agreement was obtained between the results of the ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence assay. This ELISA should have worldwide application in testing SPF and commercial chicken flocks for CAA antibodies.  相似文献   

Water-use efficiency of a poplar plantation in Northern China     

Jie Zhou  Zhiqiang Zhang  Ge Sun  Xianrui Fang  Tonggang Zha  Jiquan Chen  Asko Noormets  Junting Guo  Steve McNulty 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(6):483-492

The water-use efficiency (WUE) of an ecosystem—defined as the gross ecosystem production (GEP) divided by the evapotranspiration (ET)—is an important index for understanding the coupling of water and carbon and quantifying water–carbon trade-offs in forests. An open-path eddy covariance technique and a microclimate measurement system were deployed to investigate the WUE of a poplar plantation ecosystem in the Daxing District of Beijing, China, during the growing seasons in 2006, 2007, and 2008. We found that WUE values changed diurnally, peaking in early morning and showing a minimum between 2 pm and 3 pm. This pattern was regulated by photosynthetically active radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and stomatal opening and closure. WUE had inter-daily variations but no substantial seasonal variation. The WUE decreased with increasing soil water content due to the higher sensitivity of ET than GEP to increased soil moisture. Under moist soil conditions (i.e., relative extractable water content >0.4), GEP was stable and WUE was generally low. These results suggest that the poplar plantation does not effectively use the available soil water for carbon uptake, and that soil moisture is lost to the atmosphere through ET.  相似文献   

Intra- and interspecific phenotypic characteristics of fish-pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Victor S Panangala  Craig A Shoemaker  Shawn T McNulty  Covadonga R Arias  & Phillip H Klesius 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(1):49-60

Intra‐ and interspecific characteristics of fish‐pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda were determined by numerical analysis of gel electrophoresed protein profiles, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and immunoblotting. The 18 E. ictaluri isolates revealed a high degree of homogeneity (70% similarity or higher) in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME, while the nine E. tarda isolates revealed 30% similarity in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME. Immunoblots probed for antigenic epitopes with goat antiserum produced against E. ictaluri and E. tarda, respectively, revealed that E. ictaluri were more homogeneous compared with the E. tarda isolates. Overall, there was a considerable degree of relatedness between the two species. Our findings suggest that phenotypically E. ictaluri represents a clonal bacterial population structure compared with the less monomorphic E. tarda.  相似文献   

The rapid detection of Aujeszky's disease virus in pigs by direct immunoperoxidase labelling     

G M Allan  M S McNulty  D Todd  J B McFerran 《Veterinary microbiology》1985,10(5):481-486

Direct immunoperoxidase labelling on impression smears of brain and pharynx was compared with virus isolation and direct immunofluorescence for the detection of Aujeszky's disease virus in experimentally-infected pigs. Immunoperoxidase labelling was as sensitive as immunofluorescence and more sensitive than virus isolation for tissue that had been stored at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees C) for up to 144 h.  相似文献   

Chicken anaemia virus—a glimpse of the future?     

M. S. McNulty 《British poultry science》1997,38(1):7-13

This paper uses background information about chicken anaemia virus as a guide to how the study and control of virus diseases of poultry may develop in the future. It is predicted that ‘new’ viruses will be discovered in poultry, many of which will be difficult to grow in vitro and whose pathogenicity may appear uncertain. When new diseases/syndromes arise in the future, it should be a priority activity to define their pathology. The limitations of currently available virus diagnostic methods are highlighted. The possibility of vaccinating against economically important subclinical disease is discussed, as is the use of recently developed technologies in differentiating virus strains and in developing new vaccines.  相似文献   

High-Resolution Imaging by Fourier Transform X-ray Holography     

McNulty I  Kirz J  Jacobsen C  Anderson EH  Howells MR  Kern DP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,256(5059):1009-1012

Fourier transform x-ray holography has been used to image gold test objects with submicrometer structure, resolving features as small as 60 nanometers. The hologram-recording instrument uses coherent 3.4-nanometer radiation from the soft x-ray undulator beamline X1A at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The specimen to be imaged is placed near the first-order focal spot produced by a Fresnel zone plate; the other orders, chiefly the zeroth, illuminate the specimen. The wave scattered by the specimen interferes with the spherical reference wave from the focal spot, forming a hologram with fringes of low spatial frequency. The hologram is recorded in digital form by a charge-coupled device camera, and the specimen image is obtained by numerical reconstruction.  相似文献