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Sylwia Magdalena Okoń Maria Chrząstek Krzysztof Kowalczyk Aneta Koroluk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(1):9-12
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. avenae Em. Marchal. is a deleterious foliar disease of common oat which occurs in many parts of the world. Resistance existing in oat cultivars is broken down by new races of this pathogen and because of this fact there is necessity to look for new and effective sources of resistance to powdery mildew in oat. To identify new potential resistance sources to powdery mildew, a total of 67 oat genotypes from five different species Avena sterilis, A. fatua, A. sativa, A. maroccana and A. murphyi and 20 powdery mildew isolates were investigated for disease reactions. Among tested oat accessions the highest level of resistance was associated with A. maroccana genotypes. Genotypes belonging to species of A. murphi and A. sterilis also showed a good level of resistance. Identified genotypes could be used in oat breeding programmes to improve levels of resistance to powdery mildew. 相似文献
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Peter Oko Ogbaji Jianmin Li Xuzhang Xue Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian Anthony Egrinya Eneji 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(3):286-290
Studies were conducted to investigate mineralogical and textural characteristics of Hancheng soils in relation to fertility status, mineralogical, and particle size distribution properties, which were determined from soil samples of the profile pits in 2014. Prepared representative clay fraction samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction analysis for mineralogical characterization. The results show dominant of quartz, attributed to high granitic parent materials with a range of 65.7–84.6% mean 54.1%, moganite 59.8%, albite 12.0–26.3% mean 21.03%, flusston 18.1%, calcium magnesium silicate 10.6%, muscovite 7.8%, olivine 1.8%, and illite 1.6% were detected. The particle size distribution analysis revealed sand fraction of 28.12–30.12% mean 29.1%, 22.12–28.12% mean 25.1%; silt 34.0–36.0% mean 35%, 32.0–38.0% mean 35%; and clay 35.9–35.9% mean 35.9%, 35.9–43.9% mean 32.6% surface and subsurface soils respectively. Texture classes of the soils were clay loam to clay apredominantly clay loam. The mineralogical and textural characteristics are important in relation to soil fertility, which allow farmers to adapt crop management practices with real soil situation. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The assessment of the effectiveness of resistance sources to fungal diseases is a very important issue allowing to determine the possibilities of... 相似文献
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Barbara Lorkowska-Zawicka Kamil Kamiński Justyna Ciejka Krzysztof Szczubia?ka Magdalena Bia?as Krzysztof Okoń Dariusz Adamek Maria Nowakowska Jacek Jawień Rafa? Olszanecki Ryszard Korbut 《Marine drugs》2014,12(7):3953-3969
This study was performed to evaluate the ability of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), the cationically modified chitosan, to form biologically inactive complexes with unfractionated heparin and thereby blocking its anticoagulant activity. Experiments were carried out in rats in vivo and in vitro using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) tests for evaluation of heparin anticoagulant activity. For the first time we have found that HTCC effectively neutralizes anticoagulant action of heparin in rat blood in vitro as well as in rats in vivo. The effect of HTCC on suppression of heparin activity is dose-dependent and its efficacy can be comparable to that of protamine-the only agent used in clinic for heparin neutralization. HTCC administered i.v. alone had no direct effect on any of the coagulation tests used. The potential adverse effects of HTCC were further explored using rat experimental model of acute toxicity. When administered i.p. at high doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight), HTCC induced some significant dose-dependent structural abnormalities in the liver. However, when HTCC was administered at low doses, comparable to those used for neutralization of anticoagulant effect of heparin, no histopathological abnormalities in liver were observed. 相似文献
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Sylwia Magdalena Okoń Tomasz Ociepa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):711-718
The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence structure of powdery mildew of oats (Blumeria graminis DC.f. sp. avena) in Poland in the years 2010–2013. For this purpose, powdery mildew isolates were collected from three experimental stations in Poland. To assess the virulence of the isolates, eight oat varieties with different responses to the pathogen were used. The results showed that a significant proportion of powdery mildew isolates found in Poland overcame the resistance genes of varieties Bruno (Pm6), Jumbo (Pm1) and Mostyn (Pm3). In contrast, lines Av1860 (Pm4), Am27 (Pm5) and Cc3678 (Pm2) were completely resistant to all pathogen isolates involved in the experiment. Changes constantly occurring in the powdery mildew population perfectly reflect diversity indexes, which were the smallest in the first year of observation, where in the following years these parameters were significantly higher. It is worth noting that the presence of powdery mildew is seasonal and local, which is reflected in the prevalence of the disease in a defined area of the country. 相似文献
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Anthony Egrinya Eneji Benedict Bengyoushuye Ayade Bernard Flannan Daniel Oko Sadahiro Yamamoto Toshimasa Honna Tsuneyoshi Endo 《Journal of Forest Research》2001,6(1):31-35
The adverse effects of forest clearing on crop yield have often been directly ascribed to decline in soil fertility. However,
the effect of various forest clearing methods on crop nutrient uptake as reflected by the content in the leaf tissues has
been the subject of few scientific investigations. A study to determine the effect of forest clearing on nutrient content
of some arable crops was, therefore, carried out in the tropical rainforest of south-western Nigeria. Three forest clearing
methods—mechanical, semi-mechanical and manual clearing—were used, while maize, cowpea, and cassava were the test crops. Nutrient
content in the tissues of these crops was assessed by sampling maize ear leaves at silking, youngest mature leaves (YML) of
cowpea at flowering and YML of 3-month-old cassava for analysis. Correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship
between nutrient content and crop yield. The method of forest clearing had no significant effect on the nutrient content of
maize and cowpea during the first cropping cycle. However, nutrient content of maize in the manually cleared plots was higher
than those in the semi- and mechanically cleared plots for all elements analyzed except Mg. Nitrogen content of cowpea was
much higher than that of maize. Except for P and K, the nutrient content of cassava was not markedly different among the forest
clearing methods. Calcium and P content in the leaves of maize and cassava varied inversely with their levels in the soil,
implying that crop uptake could have accounted for the differences in their availability within the soil. Nitrogen, P and
K had significant positive correlations with maize yield (r = 0.77, 0.89, and 0.71). Potassium content also had significant positive correlation with cassava root yield (r = 0.69). This is not surprising because compared with other crops, cassava requires large amounts of K for starch formation
and root development. It is concluded that differences observed in crop yields under different forest clearing methods are
a function of nutrient uptake and availability within the soil. However, the uptake of some nutrients does not seem to be
determined by the level of soil availability alone.
This study was supported with a research grant from the International Foundation for Science (IFS), Sweden. 相似文献
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Ewa Dorota Zalewska Ewa Dorota Król Barbara Anna Abramczyk Agnieszka Furmańczyk Sylwia Okoń 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):825-838
Genetic variability within Septoria carvi isolates obtained from various organs of caraway cultivated in south-eastern and central Poland was studied using the RAPD-PCR technique. The tests were performed using randomly selected primers. The DNA profiles obtained using four primers proved useful in determining genetic variability among the genotypes of Septoria carvi isolates. The present study characterized the differences in the nucleotide sequence within the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) of selected S. carvi isolates and reference strains of Septoria spp. Moreover, eight isolates were sequenced for three loci: actin, calmodulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and the obtained sequences were compared with the sequences of Septoria reference strains affecting other plants of the family Apiaceae. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct differences of the tested isolates, which allowed to treat them Septoria carvi species affecting the above-ground organs of caraway Carum carvi L. This study is the first report on the genetic characteristics of the species S. carvi. 相似文献
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