Whitened kernel surface: A fast and reliable method for assessing Fusarium severity on cereal grains by digital picture analysis     

Marine Ollier  Vincent Talle  Anne‐Laure Brisset  Zo Le Bihan  Simon Duerr  Marc Lemmens  Ellen Goudemand  Olivier Robert  Jean‐Louis Hilbert  Hermann Buerstmayr 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):69-81

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. The applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets (265 samples). Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. This new scoring method facilitates fast and reliable assessment of the resistance to kernel infection and shows significant correlation with mycotoxin content. WKS can be automated and does not suffer from the “human factor” inherent to visual scorings. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings.  相似文献   

Detection and characterization of leptospiral antigens using a biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot.   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

M J Champagne  R Higgins  J M Fairbrother    D Dubreuil 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(3):239-245

A biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antigens of Leptospira interrogans serovars in experimentally inoculated bovine urine samples was evaluated. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from rabbits immunized with L. interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjobovis sonicated, whole cell, and formalinized-heated antigen preparations were purified by a protein A-superose column coupled to fast protein liquid chromatography, and evaluated for species specificity in the ELISA. The ELISA using each specific IgG detected as few as 10(4) leptospires of the homologous serovar hardjo diluted in phosphate-buffered saline solution with Tween 20 (PBSS-Tween 20). On immunoblot analysis of proteinase-K-digested whole cell leptospiral preparations, each IgG revealed the presence of bands specific to serovar hardjo, suggesting the presence of serovar-specific epitopes on the lipopolysaccharide molecules. The minimum number of cells of heterologous serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, bratislava, icterohaemorrhagiae and copenhageni detected by each ELISA was greater, ranging from 10(6) to 10(7). The common antigenic determinants observed on immunoblot analysis were different for each specific IgG, except for a major cross-reacting, possibly flagellar, protein doublet at approximately 36-36.5 kDa. Leptospires were equally well detected by the ELISA in both bovine urine and PBSS-Tween 20.  相似文献   

Occurrence of horse sickness virus type 9 in the Republic of Algeria: identification of virus strains isolated in 1965-1966     

E Pilo-Moron  J Vincent  P Sureau 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1967,20(1):5-20

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Segmentation of 3D images of plant tissues at multiple scales using the level set method     

Annamária Kiss  Typhaine Moreau  Vincent Mirabet  Cerasela Iliana Calugaru  Arezki Boudaoud  Pradeep Das 《Plant methods》2017,13(1):114

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Conservation planning with spatially explicit models: a case for horseshoe bats in complex mountain landscapes     

Marie Le Roux  Mathilde Redon  Frédéric Archaux  Jed Long  Stéphane Vincent  Sandra Luque 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(5):1005-1021

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Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for assessing surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcomas in observers of different specialties     

Josephine A. Dornbusch  Laura E. Selmic  Pin‐Chieh Huang  Jonathan P. Samuelson  Eric M. McLaughlin  Vincent A. Wavreille  Jessica A. Ogden  Brittany Abrams  Alex Kalamaras  Eric Green  Eric T. Hostnik  Lincoln Every  Jason A. Fuerst  Ryan Jennings  Christopher Premanandan  Joshua N. Lorbach  Sarah C. Linn  Aneesh Alex  Janet E. Sorrells  Lingxiao Yang  Stephen A. Boppart 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2021,50(1):111-120

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Opioid requirements after locoregional anaesthesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: a pilot study     

Vincent Marolf  Claudia Spadavecchia  Nicole Müller  Charlotte Sandersen  Helene Rohrbach 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(3):398-406

ObjectiveTo determine the intraoperative and early postoperative opioid requirement after ultrasound-guided sciatic and/or femoral nerve block or epidural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designProspective, masked, pilot, randomized, clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 40 client-owned dogs undergoing TPLO.MethodsEach dog was randomly assigned to group SF (combined sciatic and femoral nerve block), group S (sciatic nerve block), group F (femoral nerve block) or group E (epidural anaesthesia). A total of 0.3 mL kg^–1 of ropivacaine 0.5% was administered to each nerve or in the epidural space. Intraoperatively, fentanyl (2 μg kg^–1) was administered intravenously when heart rate, mean arterial pressure or respiratory rate increased by >30% compared with baseline values. Postoperatively, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a modified German version of the French pain scale (4AVet) were used to assess pain every 30 minutes for 150 minutes and again once the morning after surgery. Methadone (0.1 mg kg^–1) was administered intravenously if the VAS was ≥ 4 cm [maximal value 10 cm; median (interquartile range)] or the composite pain score was ≥5 [maximal value 15; median (interquartile range)]. Significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05.ResultsGroups SF and E required less total intraoperative and early postoperative opioid doses compared with groups S and F (p = 0.031). No dogs in group SF had a block failure or required postoperative methadone. A reduced methadone requirement was found in group SF compared with all the other groups up to 150 minutes after recovery (p = 0.041).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCombined sciatic and femoral nerve block and epidural anaesthesia lead to less cumulative consumption of perioperative opioids than single nerve blockade. Sciatic or femoral nerve block alone might be insufficient to control nociception and early postoperative pain in dogs undergoing TPLO.  相似文献   

Assessment of the socio-economic impacts associated with the arrival of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Mwea irrigation scheme,Kenya     

Kate L. Constantine  Fernadis Makale  Idah Mugambi  Duncan Chacha  Harrison Rware  Alexander Muvea  Vincent K. Kipngetich  Justice Tambo  Adewale Ogunmodede  Djami Djeddour  Corin F. Pratt  Ivan Rwomushana  Frances Williams 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4343-4356

Background

In Kenya, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly produced under irrigation by small-scale farmers. Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) in Kirinyaga County accounts for 80–88% of rice production. Here, rice is the main source of livelihood and a source of revenue generation for the county. However, a recently established invasive freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (family: Ampullariidae), a species of apple snail, presents a serious threat to rice production.

Results

Household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlight apple snail as a serious problem in MIS. Households that observed at least a moderate level of infestation (>20% of cultivated area) experienced significant reductions in rice yield (~14%) and net rice income (~60%). Farmers reported increased use of chemical pesticides for management of apple snail. In addition, the cost of hired labor for physical removal of egg masses and snails is resulting in substantial negative effects on net income. Farmer age, area of land owned, responsibility for decision-making, receipt of extension advice, training, and membership of a farmer organization, were all statistically significant variables to explain farmers awareness of the need for area-wide apple snail management.

Conclusion

Strategies to limit the spread of apple snail are urgently needed. A Multi-Institutional Technical Team (MITT) has been established to spearhead management efforts and consolidate advice to farmers on how to manage apple snail. However, without action to mitigate spread, the consequences could be disastrous for rice production and food security in Kenya, and for other rice growing regions across Africa. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Movement patterns of Brook Trout in a restored coastal stream system in southern Massachusetts          下载免费PDF全文

Erin L. Snook  Benjamin H. Letcher  Todd L. Dubreuil  Joseph Zydlewski  Matthew J. O'Donnell  Andrew R. Whiteley  Stephen T. Hurley  Andy J. Danylchuk 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(3):360-375

Coastal Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are found from northern Canada to New England. The extent of anadromy generally decreases with latitude, but the ecology and movements of more southern populations are poorly understood. We conducted a 33‐month acoustic telemetry study of Brook Trout in Red Brook, MA, and adjacent Buttermilk Bay (marine system) using 16 fixed acoustic receivers and surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in 84 individuals. Tagged Brook Trout used the stream, estuary (50% of individuals) and bay (10% of individuals). Movements into full sea water were brief when occurring. GAMM models revealed that transitions between habitat areas occurred most often in spring and fall. Environmental data suggest that use of the saline environment is limited by summer temperatures in the bay. Movements may also be related to moon phase. Compared to more northern coastal populations of Brook Trout, the Red Brook population appears to be less anadromous overall, yet the estuarine segment of the system may have considerable ecological importance as a food resource.  相似文献   

Mode of action of insecticidal dihydropyrazoles: Selective block of impulse generation in sensory nerves     

Vincent L. Salgado 《Pest management science》1990,28(4):389-411

When injected into cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), dihydropyrazoles (pyrazolines), e.g. RH 3421, methyl 1-(N-(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)carbamoyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-pyrazolin-4-ylcarboxylate, caused incoordination, followed by prostration and violent tremors. After several hours, prostrate cockroaches became very still, appearing paralyzed, but for several days they retained the ability to produce violent tremors when physically disturbed. The paralysis was associated with block of spontaneous activity in sensory nerves of cockroaches, tobacco hornworm larvae (Manduca sexta) and housefly larvae (Musca domestica). Block of spontaneous central nervous system activity was also seen in some cases. Current-clamp experiments on the cell body of the crayfish slowly-adapting stretch receptor neuron revealed that spike initiation in response to injected current was blocked by dihydropyrazoles, with no change in resting potential or input resistance, suggesting that the sodium current was suppressed. Hyperpolarization of blocked stretch receptors could reverse block, and crayfish giant axons, which were not normally sensitive to block by dihydropyrazoles, were rendered sensitive when artificially depolarized by elevation of extracellular potassium ion concentration, leading to the conclusion that the block of sodium current was strongly voltage dependent. The proposed mode of action, while similar to that of local anesthetics, class I anticonvulsants and class I antiarrhythmics, is novel for an insecticide.  相似文献