Anti-inflammatory activities of cucurbitacin E isolated from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides: role of reactive nitrogen species and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition     

Abdelwahab SI  Hassan LE  Sirat HM  Yagi SM  Koko WS  Mohan S  Taha MM  Ahmad S  Chuen CS  Narrima P  Rais MM  Hadi AH 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(8):1190-1197

The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.  相似文献   

Producer services and growth management of a metropolitan region: the case of Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia     

Morshidi Sirat 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1998,39(2):221-235

Producer services growth can change the character of a metropolitan region. Achieving that outcome may require the intervention of government, which is not necessarily a simple process as it creates tension between regulatory and developmental roles for government. This paper will address three interrelated issues in connection with the above-mentioned core idea in the context of the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: first, the extent to which the evolution of the Malaysian economy has been felt in the growth of the service sector; second, the way that evolution has led to change in the sectoral and spatial character of Kuala Lumpur; third, government’s responses in terms of spatial planning and management in order to accommodate producer services growth. The experience of the Kuala Lumpur region shows how global market forces and national development policies that influence producer service location and growth can reshape the spatial arrangement of a metropolitan region. Managing the growth of producer services calls for new approaches to manage metropolitan change. An ‘enabling’ model is proposed to replace the present ‘policing’ model of spatial planning.  相似文献   

Genetic control of isozymes in Carica papaya L.     

Maimunah Morshidi 《Euphytica》1998,103(1):89-94

The genetic control of isozymes was investigated in papaya. Out of six buffer systems tested, Histidine-citrate pH 6.5 gave the most consistent and greatest number of well-resolved enzymes. Nine enzyme systems (ACO, IDH, MDH, PGM, PGI, SKD, TPI, UGP, 6-PGD) out of 28 were resolved. Based on the initial screening of 131 accessions of papaya from Central and South America for electromorph variants, parents were selected for various combinations of controlled crosses. These controlled crosses were then used to elucidate the inheritance of isozymes in papaya. Evidence of Mendelian inheritance was obtained for eight out of nine polymorphic loci: Aco-1, Aco-2, Pgi-2, Pgm-1, Skd, Tpi-1, Tpi-2, and Ugp. No controlled cross was available to study the genetic control of the polymorphic locus Pgm-2. Because they were not variable in all accessions included in this study, the loci Idh, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, and 6-Pgd, were also not examined by segregation analysis. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献