Changes in vasotocin levels in relation to ovarian development in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to altered photoperiod and temperature     

Radha Chaube  Rahul Kumar Singh  Keerikattil P. Joy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(5):1173-1186

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Diphenol activation of the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of field bean (Dolichos lablab) polyphenol oxidase     

Gowda LR  Paul B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1608-1614

This paper reports a study on the hydroxylation of ferulic acid and tyrosine by field bean (Dolichos lablab) polyphenol oxidase, a reaction that does not take place without the addition of catechol. A lag period similar to the characteristic lag of tyrosinase activity was observed, the length of which decreased with increasing catechol concentration and increased with increasing ferulic acid concentration. The activation constant K(a) of catechol for ferulic acid hydroxylation reaction was 5 mM. The kinetic parameters of field bean polyphenol oxidase toward ferulic acid and tyrosine were evaluated in the presence of catechol. 4-Methyl catechol, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, pyrogallol, and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid, substrates with high binding affinity to field bean polyphenol oxidase, could stimulate this hydroxylation reaction. In contrast, diphenols such as protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, which were not substrates for the oxidation reaction, were unable to bring about this activation. It is most likely that only o-diphenols that are substrates for the diphenolase serve as cosubstrates by donating electrons at the active site for the monophenolase activity. The reaction mechanism for this activation is consistent with that proposed for tyrosinase (Sanchez-Ferrer, A.; Rodriguez-Lopez, J. N.; Garcia-Canovas, F.; Garcia-Carmona, F. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995, 1247, 1-11). The presence of o-diphenols, viz. catechol, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 4-methyl catechol, is also necessary for the oxidation of the diphenols, caffeic acid, and catechin to their quinones by the field bean polyphenol oxidase. This oxidation reaction occurs immediately with no lag period and does not occur without the addition of diphenol. The kinetic parameters for caffeic acid (K(m) = 0.08 mM, V(max) = 32440 u/mg) in the presence of catechol and the activation constant K(a) of catechol (4.6 mM) for this reaction were enumerated. The absence of a lag period for this reaction indicates that the diphenol mechanism of diphenolase activation differs from the way in which the same o-diphenols activate the monophenolase activity.  相似文献   

Immunology. Neutrophil soldiers or Trojan Horses?     

John B  Hunter CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5891):917-918

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Regeneration of tree species in the sub-tropical forest of Alaknanda Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India     

Radha BALLABHA  J. K. TIWARI  P. TIWARI 《中国林学(英文版)》2013,15(2):89-97

We studied the regeneration of tree species in the sub-tropical forest of Alaknanda Valley in Garhwal Himalaya, India. The overall regeneration status was fairly good in the study area. Seedling density ranged between 520 and 1,240 seedlings per ha while the density of saplings varied between 400 and 800 saplings per ha. Out of eight sites studied, five sites, viz., A1 , A2 , B1 , B2and C2contained the highest number of seedlings (280-480 per ha) and saplings (200-440 per ha) for Pinus roxburghii and remaining three sites viz., C1, D1and D2represented the highest number of seedlings (240-400 per ha) and saplings (200-240 per ha) for Anogeissus latifolius. The DBH class distribution of the tree species revealed that the highest number of individuals was concentrated in the lower diameter classes while smallest numbers were found in the higher diameter classes. Species such as Acacia catechu, Anogeissus latifolius, Dalbergia sissoo, Engelhardtia spicata, Lannea coromandelica, Mallotus philippensis and Pinus roxburghii have the largest number of saplings and seedlings in the lower DBH classes, suggesting that they have good regeneration potential. Other species such as Aegle marmelos, Bauhinia variegata, Bombax ceiba, Cassia fistula, Erythrina variegata, Haldinia cordifolia, Mangifera indica, Ougeinia oojeinensis, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia alata and Toona hexandra have either no or very small number of saplings in the lower DBH classes, which indicates that the status of these species implies poor regeneration.  相似文献   

Combining ability for rancidity and associated traits in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)     

Mandalapu Pallavi  Pulluru Sanjana Reddy  Chamarthy Venkata Ratnavathi  Kancharla Venkata Radha Krishna 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(3):345-356

Pearl millet occupies an important place in attaining nutritional security in marginal areas; however, as it develops off-flavours, it is less preferred by food industry. The objective of the current study was to determine the variations in rancidity-related traits and estimate the combining ability of inbreds and hybrids for these traits under varied environmental conditions. In this study, 32 hybrids were developed from eight lines and four testers using line × tester mating design and evaluated along with parents and checks 86M86 and HHB 67 for yield and rancidity-associated traits in three environments. The hybrids L7T2 and L6T1 are identified as promising hybrids for grain yield and rancidity. Higher variance due to specific combining ability and predictability ratio for grain yield and rancidity-associated characters indicate the predominance of non-additive gene action. The tester T1 recorded a significant negative GCA effect with low alcoholic acidity. A significant and positive SCA for grain yield was observed in L3T1 and L7T2, whereas for rancidity in L5T4. Alcoholic acidity showed a significant positive association with 1000 seed weight, lipase and lipoxygenase in parents and negative association with 1000 seed weight in hybrids.  相似文献   

Induction,purification and partial characterization of vitellogenin in an Indian major carp Catla catla (Ham.)     

Bipulendu Jena  Jyotirmaya Mohanty  Radha C Das  Sushil K Garnayak  Samiran Nandi 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(12):1901-1911

Vitellogenin was purified from the serum of 17‐β estradiol (E₂)‐induced juvenile Catla catla using a simple two‐step purification procedure i.e. selective chemical precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography. Purified protein migrated as single band in a native gradient PAGE which indicated the purity of the sample. The molecular weight of the native catla vitellogenin (~440 kDa) was determined using gel filtration chromatography. In SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions catla vitellogenin dissociated into three major sub units at 115 kDa, 102 kDa and 73 kDa along with a few faint bands. Confirmation of purified protein as catla vitellogenin was supported by multiple physiological evidences, e.g. absence in male as well as juvenile sera and presence in matured female fish, ability to be synthesized upon estradiol injection in immature fish and certain unique biochemical properties like high molecular weight, phospholipoglycoprotein nature of the molecule. Western blot analysis showed that polyclonal antibody raised against purified protein detected vitellogenin in the sera of catla and in a few species selected from Cyprinidae family. These antisera were used to detect vitellogenin in liver tissue of hormone‐induced catla using immunohistochemistry and its applicability in other immunoassays is discussed.  相似文献   

Cyanobacteria mediated plant growth promotion and bioprotection against Fusarium wilt in tomato     

Radha Prasanna  Vidhi Chaudhary  Vishal Gupta  Santosh Babu  Arun Kumar  Rajendra Singh  Yashbir Singh Shivay  Lata Nain 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(2):337-353

Cyanobacteria - phytopathogenic fungi - tomato plant interactions were evaluated for developing suitable biological options for combating biotic stress (Fusarium wilt) and enhancing plant vigour. Preliminary evaluation was undertaken on the fungicidal and hydrolytic enzyme activity of the cyanobacterial strains (Anabaena variabilis RPAN59, A. laxa RPAN8) under optimized environmental/nutritional conditions, followed by amendment in compost-vermiculite. Such formulations were tested against Fusarium wilt challenged tomato plants, and the Anabaena spp. (RPAN59/8) amended composts significantly reduced mortality in fungi challenged treatments, besides fungal load in soil. Cyanobacteria amended composts also led to an enhancement in soil organic C, nitrogen fixation, besides significant improvement in growth, yield, fruit quality parameters, N, P and Zn content. The tripartite interactions also enhanced the activity of defence and pathogenesis related enzymes in tomato plants. A positive correlation (r?=?0.729 to 0.828) between P content and pathogenesis/defense enzyme activity revealed their role in enhancing the resistance of the plant through improved nutrient uptake. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed cyanobacterial colonization, which positively correlated with reduced fungal populations. The reduced disease severity coupled with improved plant growth/ yields, elicited by cyanobacterial treatments, illustrated the utility of such novel formulations in integrated pest and nutrient management strategies for Fusarium wilt challenged tomato crop.  相似文献   

Little-leaf disease in collateral hosts of sandal (Santalum album Linn.)     

Radha Nayar  H. S. Ananthapadmanabha 《Forest Pathology》1977,7(3):152-158

Santalum album Linn. in its natural habitat is parasitic on a number of herbs, shrubs and trees. Of these host little-leaf disease is common in Stachytarpheta, Dendrocalamus, Randia, Dichrastacbys, Acacia, Eucalyptus, Barleria and Scutia. Mycoplasma-like-organisms have been confirmed on some of the hosts by means of electron microscopy.  相似文献   

A multipronged approach for the detection of leptospirosis in captive sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in Agra and Bannerghatta sloth bear rescue centers in India     

Karikalan MATHESH  Sabarinath THANKAPPAN  Yosef DENEKE  Beena VAMADEVAN  Chandra Mohan SIDDAPPA  Anil Kumar SHARMA  Ilayaraja SELVARAJ  Arun SHA  Ashok KUMAR 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1059

Leptospirosis is an exacerbating factor responsible for the drastic decline of sloth bear population in India. In this study, a multipronged approach based on antigen detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) employing G1/G2 and LigBF/LigBR primers, antibody detection using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and recombinant LigBCon1-5 antigen based Latex Agglutination Test (rLigBCon1-5 LAT), serum biochemistry using hepatic (serum glutamate oxalo acetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and renal biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine) and gross/histopathological evidence in liver and kidneys were employed to investigate leptospirosis in captive sloth bears. A total of 133 serum samples collected from Agra (n=113) and Bannerghatta (n=20) sloth bear rescue centers were screened using MAT and rLigBCon1-5 LAT. A total of 87 and 78 sera tested positive by MAT and LAT respectively. Pyrogenes was the leading serovar obtained using MAT followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Grippotyphosa, Canicola and Tarassovi. The relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of rLigBCon1-5 LAT in comparison to MAT were 89.66%, 100% and 93.23% respectively. PCR performed on hepatic and renal tissues showed amplicon of 285 and 219 base pairs for G1/G2 and LigBF/LigBR primers respectively. Gross evidence (icteric liver, severely engorged hepatic sinusoids, congested kidneys with necrotic white spots on sub capsular surface), histopathology (severe hepatic degeneration and tubulointerstitial nephritis) and elevated hepatic/renal biomarkers were suggestive of leptospirosis. This study suggests that rLigBCon1-5 LAT can be employed as a pen-side test for detecting leptospirosis in sloth bears.  相似文献   

The metabolic fate of purified glucoraphanin in F344 rats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bheemreddy RM  Jeffery EH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(8):2861-2866

Dietary broccoli is commonly eaten cooked, exposing individuals to intact glucoraphanin rather than to its hydrolysis product, the anticarcinogenic isothiocyanate sulforaphane, since cooking destroys the hydrolyzing enzyme myrosinase. There is little information on the absorption and metabolism of glucoraphanin, due partly to the lack of purified compound. In this study, glucoraphanin was purified from broccoli seed and 150 mumol/kg was administered to male F344 rats. Glucoraphanin (5% of an oral dose) was recovered intact in urine, showing that it is absorbed intact, and no glucoraphanin or metabolites were found in feces. Total urinary products accounted for 20 and 45% of oral and intraperitonneal doses, respectively, including sulforaphane N-acetyl cysteine conjugate (12.5 and 2%), free sulforaphane (0.65 and 0.77%), sulforaphane nitrile (2 and 1.4%), and erucin (0.1 and 0.1%), respectively. Both glucoraphanin and its reduced form glucoerucin were identified in bile following intravenous glucoraphanin administration. We conclude that orally administered glucoraphanin is absorbed intact, undergoes enterohepatic circulation, and is hydrolyzed in the gut in F344 rats.  相似文献