Attitudes and perceptions of veterinary paraprofessionals in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats     

K Kongara  HE Squance  IA Topham  JP Bridges 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(2):112-116

AIM: To survey the attitudes and perceptions of veterinary paraprofessionals in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats.

METHODS: In December 2011, veterinary paraprofessionals (VP) from throughout New Zealand were invited to participate in an online survey. Eleven questions, which were divided into five sections, were used to determine demographic information, the respondents’ assessment of pain after commonly performed surgeries in dogs and cats, their opinions on provision of analgesia, who had responsibility for pain monitoring and the use of any formal pain scoring system in the practice.

RESULTS: Data from 165 respondents were able to be used, and 162 (98%) respondents to the survey were female. According to the respondents’ estimates, fracture repair in dogs and repair of diaphragmatic hernias in cats had the highest pain score following surgery. Neutering procedures involving dogs were scored higher than for cats (p<0.01). All respondents agreed that animals benefit from perioperative analgesia. The veterinary nurse was reported to be predominantly responsible for monitoring pain in animals postoperatively by 116/165 (70.3%) respondents. Of 165 respondents, 154 (93%) considered that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced.

CONCLUSIONS: This survey reflects the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of VP in New Zealand to postoperative pain in dogs and cats. The results indicate that all respondents believe that surgery results in sufficient pain to warrant analgesic therapy. Routine neutering surgeries were considered to be more painful in dogs than in cats. The current survey also provides information to educators on potential areas of focus, given that 93% of respondents felt that their knowledge of pain and assessment of pain could be enhanced.  相似文献   

Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection     

RR Moura  ES Lopes‐Junior  DIA Teixeira  IA Serova  LE Andreeva  LM Melo  VJF Freitas 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e101-e106

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.  相似文献   

鸡β-防御素在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及复性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邢海云  高英杰  宁官保  赵建增  乔彦良  李朝阳 《中国兽医学报》2007,27(2):184-187

鸡β-防御素(gallinacin-3,Gal3)是鸡体内重要的防御因子,本试验研究了鸡Gal3融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达的规律,并探索了重组蛋白质的复性工艺.结果表明,加入诱导剂后1h,开始有可检出量的重组蛋白质表达,2h的表达水平已接近最大量;化学诱导剂IPTG 0.2～1.2mol/L对重组蛋白的产量没有明显影响.经Lablmage软件分析,融合蛋白的产量可达菌体总蛋白的35%以上,且主要以包涵体形式存在.将所获包涵体用8mol/L尿素溶解后,分步稀释于含有氧化型谷胱甘肽和还原型谷胱甘肽的复性系统中,重组蛋白得到完全复性.12mg/L复性的重组鸡Gal3能抑制肠炎沙门氏菌的生长,24mg/L能抑制肠致病型大肠杆菌的生长.  相似文献   

Health and production of feedlot cattle following supplementation with urea–molasses in starter pens     

IA Croft  EH Clayton  PMV Cusack 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(5):166-170

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Toxigenic type D Pasteurella multocida and progressive atrophic rhinitis in New South Wales pig herds     

IA GARDNER  GJ EAMENS  MJ TURNER  CL HORNITZKY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(11):364-365

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Comparative Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon and Wheat Productivity under Arid Region     

Hafiz Mohkum Hammad  Abdul Khaliq  Farhat Abbas  Wajid Farhad  Shah Fahad  Muhammad Aslam 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(10):1406-1422

ABSTRACT

Organic amendments in the soil perform better than synthetic fertilizers in regards to soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of organic and synthetic fertilizers on soil fertility and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Soil fertility and protein contents of wheat grains (13.2% and 13.3% during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively) were improved by organic amendments. However, synthetic fertilizer (at the rate of 150, 100, and 60 kg ha^?1 N, P₂O₅, and K₂O, respectively) applications resulted in the maximum grain yield (4.05 and 4.46 t ha^?1 during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively). The observed and simulated soil organic carbon (SOC) reasonably agreed during RothC model validation (R ² = 0.99). Economic analysis showed the maximum net profit and relative increase in income ($729 US ha^?1 and 309%, respectively) from inorganic treatment. Application of synthetic fertilizers increased grain yield and farm profit while organic manure enhanced grain quality. The RothC model had potential for determining the SOC in organic farming under arid environment.  相似文献   

SAGP基因克隆及反义表达载体的构建          下载免费PDF全文

姚新灵  万巧风  陈彬 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(2):193-197

为了研究不同启动子驱动的反义SAGP抑制内源ADP-Glc PPase小亚基编码基因表达的效果,创造适于外源基因表达的突变体,利用RT-PCR方法,由马铃薯块茎cDNA克隆获得ADP-Glc PPase小亚基编码基因(SAGP)的1 821 bp cDNA。核酸数据库检索和序列比对分析表明,已克隆的SAGP基因cDNA推测编码607个氨基酸组成的多肽,其中第312和411的天冬酰氨均突变为丝氨酸。以pCambia为基础,分别构建了CaMV35S和GBSSI块茎启动子驱动的小亚基cDNA反义结构植物表达载体。  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes     

Taciana MF Silva  Roberio G Olinda  Carla MF Rodrigues  Ant?nio CL Camara  Francisco C Lopes  Wesley AC Coelho  Múcio FB Ribeiro  Carlos IA Freitas  Marta MG Teixeira  Jael S Batista 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):1

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period, respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 10⁵ tripomastigotes. Clinical examination, determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid, blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented severe infection and died in the 34^th and 35^th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130^th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6 aborted one fetus in the 140^th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV, body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes.  相似文献   

Development and Characterization of Calcium-Alginate Beads of Apigenin: In Vitro Antitumor,Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities     

Mohammed F. Aldawsari  Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed  Farhat Fatima  Md. Khalid Anwer  Prakash Katakam  Abdullah Khan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)

The objective of this work was to develop sustained-release Ca-alginate beads of apigenin using sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide. Six batches were prepared by applying the ionotropic gelation technique, wherein calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. The beads were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release. Particle size was found to decrease, and drug entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the polymer concentration. The dissolution study showed sustained drug release from the apigenin-loaded alginate beads with an increase in the polymer proportion. Based on the dissolution profiles, BD6 formulation was optimized and characterized for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM, results of which indicated successful development of apigenin-loaded Ca alginate beads. MTT assay demonstrated a potential anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. The antimicrobial activity exhibited effective inhibition in the bacterial and fungal growth rate. The DPPH measurement revealed that the formulation had substantial antioxidant activity, with EC50 value slightly lowered compared to pure apigenin. A stability study demonstrated that the BD6 was stable with similar (f2) drug release profiles in harsh condition. In conclusion, alginate-based beads could be used for sustaining the drug release of poorly water-soluble apigenin while also improving in vitro antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

Breed differences of bull frozen‐thawed semen          下载免费PDF全文

A Ntemka  G Tsousis  C Brozos  E Kiossis  CM Boscos  IA Tsakmakidis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):945-952

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of frozen‐thawed semen from different bull breeds. Commercial frozen‐thawed bull semen samples (26 per breed, 130 totally) of five breeds (Holstein [Η], Brown Swiss [BS], Limousin [L], Belgian Blue [BB], Blonde d' Aquitaine [BA]) were used. After thawing, each semen sample was subjected to thermal resistance test (TR) for 0.5 and 1 hr at 38°C and hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST) for 1 hr at 150 mOsm at 37°C. Additionally, all samples were evaluated at times 0 hr (thawing), 0.5 hr (TR), 1 hr (TR) for kinetics by CASA [progressive, immotile, rapid, medium, slow moving spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross‐frequency (BCF), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), wobble (WOB)]. Moreover, directly after thawing, all semen samples were evaluated for morphometry, morphology, viability and DNA fragmentation. Statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed model for repeated measures. The results showed (a) higher VCL after thawing in H, L breeds compared to BB and BA, (b) higher VAP after thawing in L compared to BB, BA, (c) higher values of progressive spermatozoa after TR in H, BS compared to BB, BA, (d) higher values of rapid spermatozoa after thawing and 0.5 hr of TR in H, BS, L compared to BB, BA, (e) lower viability in BA after thawing compared to H, BS, BB, (f) lower morphological abnormalities in H compared to L, BB, (g) higher head length in Η compared to BB. No significant differences were observed in the results from HOST and DNA fragmentation between breeds. In conclusion, quality characteristics of frozen‐thawed bull semen are dependent on the breed. Frozen semen from BB and BA breeds should be handled more carefully after thawing, as it is more sensitive to stress.  相似文献