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1.
Fujisawa H Suma K Origuchi K Kumagai H Seki T Ariga T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(11):4229-4235
This study verifies the instability of garlic ( Allium sativum L.)-derived allyl 2-propenylthiosulfinate (allicin) in various aqueous and ethanolic solutions as well as in vegetable oil through chemical and biological analyses performed simultaneously. Crushed fresh garlic cloves generated antibacterial activity and chemically detectable allicin, a major antibacterial principle, and both declined on a daily basis in aqueous and ethanolic solutions at room temperature, showing biological and chemical half-lives of about 6 and 11 days, respectively. Allicin was more stable in 20% alcohol than in water, but surprisingly unstable in vegetable oil, with an activity half-life 0.8 h, as estimated from its antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli, and a chemical half-life of 3.1 h, based on chromatographic quantification. In alcoholic and aqueous extracts, the biological half-life of allicin tended to be longer than the chemical one, suggesting the occurrence of bioactive compounds other than allicin in the extracts. 相似文献
2.
Kana Naito Yasuhiro Ishiga Kazuhiro Toyoda Tomonori Shiraishi Yuki Ichinose 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):281-285
Flagellin in Pseudomonas syringae is a potent elicitor of defense responses including hypersensitive cell death in dicot plants. The oligopeptides flg22 consisting
of 22 conserved amino acids near the N-terminus of flagellins is reported to induce plant defense responses. Because glycosylation
of the central domain of flagellin affects its elicitor activity, we investigated whether any peptide sequence in addition
to flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive reaction. A study of recombinant flagellin polypeptides indicated
that the N-terminal domain including the conserved flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. 相似文献
3.
The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig 相似文献
4.
Sayuri Okawa Kana Unuma Atsushi Yamada Toshihiko Aki Koichi Uemura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(1):37-41
The involvement of the lung during the septic systemic inflammatory response elicited by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Eight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 15 mg/kg LPS. After 24 h, the lungs were excised to evaluate the cellular responses to LPS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis revealed that type VI collagen (ColVI) was extremely upregulated during sepsis in the rat lung within the first 24 h of LPS administration. Upregulation of ColVI protein and its mRNA was demonstrated by Western blot analysis, real time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the activation of ColVI in the rat lung at the early stage of systemic inflammation. Activation of ColVI might be involved in sepsis-mediated lung fibrosis at an early stage. 相似文献
5.
Kazuya KUSHIDA Urs GIGER Toshihiko TSUTSUI Megumi INABA Yoshio KONNO Kureha HAYASHI Kana NOGUCHI Akira YABUKI Keijiro MIZUKAMI Moeko KOHYAMA Yasuyuki ENDO Osamu YAMATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):743-746
Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy
caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline
PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in
the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was
developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation.
Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred
cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly
displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for
large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele
frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and
prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American
Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of
the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential
diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide. 相似文献
6.
Kana Yamashita Yasuhiko Hirakawa Shuetsu Saito Hiroshi Nakatani Motoyoshi Ikeda 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(5):363-370
To evaluate the bow variation in boxed-heart square timber of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), bows from kiln-dried timber for five sugi cultivars with different longitudinal shrinkage trends were compared for two
stem heights. Two general trends were observed, depending on the cultivar: (1) either the bow was larger at the lower than
at the upper part of the stem, or (2) the bows at the lower and the upper parts of the stem were similar. In timber that had
larger bow values, the gradients of longitudinal shrinkage were large across the radius and along the length of the timber.
There was a positive relationship between the bow and longitudinal shrinkage. These results suggest that the bow variation
between the timbers was caused by a variation in longitudinal shrinkage, which was affected by the microfibril angle. Furthermore,
the bow was inversely proportional to the modulus of elasticity, which suggests that timber with a low modulus of elasticity
is susceptible to a large bow due to large longitudinal shrinkage. 相似文献
7.
Kuko Fuke Kana Takeshita Nanako Aoki Toshiyuki Fukuhara Mayumi Egusa Motoichiro Kodama Hiromitsu Moriyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(4):248-252
Strains of the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata were screened for double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Four strains had several dsRNAs; strain N18 was associated with several
dsRNAs and had impaired growth phenotypes such as irregular mycelium and abnormal pigmentation. We isolated dsRNA-cured isolates
from strain N18 by single-conidium isolation. The dsRNA-cured isolates had recovered normal growth and pigmentation. Enlarged
vesicles were observed in mycelial cells of the original dsRNA-carrying N18 strain. DAPI nuclear staining revealed regression
of the nuclei in dsRNA-carrying N18 cells. These results indicate that the dsRNAs might have negative effects, such as apoptosis-like
cell death, on the host fungus. 相似文献
8.
Yuji Kominami Mayuko Jomura Mioko Ataka Koji Tamai Takafumi Miyama Masako Dannoura Naoki Makita Kenichi Yoshimura 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(3):296-304
To assess the effect of changes in organic litter stock on seasonal changes in heterotrophic respiration (R H), soil respiration (R S), and total ecosystem respiration (R E), we measured seasonal changes in leaf litter respiration (R LL) by the chamber method and estimated the seasonal change in total R H using the RothC model in a warm-temperate mixed deciduous?Cevergreen forest in Japan. Both R E and R S had seasonal hysteresis and were higher in spring than at the same temperature during autumn. Under warm and humid conditions, the rate of decomposition of newly supplied leaf litter in one?year was high (60% loss). Consequently, R LL and R H were higher in spring after leaf drop, when more fresh material was available, than in autumn. In this study, 42 and 88% of the difference in R E and R S between spring and autumn (soil temperature 16?C18°C) could be accounted for by the difference in R H, respectively, and 71% of the difference in R H could be accounted for by the difference in R LL. This study showed that seasonal changes in heterotrophic respiration (R LL and R H) could be a major factor in the seasonal hysteresis of R E and R S. 相似文献
9.
Akihiro Hagiwara Norio Imai Yuko Doi Mayuko Suguro Mayumi Kawabe Fumio Furukawa Kasuke Nagano Shoji Fukushima 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(4):351-357
The effects of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) on two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated at various dose levels with regard to possible promoting activity. Groups of 30 rats were given drinking water containing 500 ppm BBN, as an initiator, for 4 weeks and starting one week thereafter received ETBE by gavage (daily, 7 days/week) at dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day until experimental week 36. No statistically significant differences in incidences of preneoplastic lesions, papillomas, and carcinomas of the urinary bladder were evident in rats treated with 100–1000 mg/kg/day ETBE as compared with control values. Furthermore, the average numbers of preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions per unit length of basement membrane in rats given 100–1000 mg/kg/day ETBE were also comparable to control values. However, papillomatosis of the urinary bladder was found in 4 out of 30 rats (13%) in the group given 1000 mg/kg/day ETBE, and soft stones in the urinary bladder were found in 3 out of these 4 rats. The results thus demonstrated that ETBE did not exert promotional activity on urinary bladder carcinogenesis. However, papillomatosis of the urinary bladder developed in small numbers of the rats given ETBE at 1000 mg/kg/day but not in rats given 500 mg/kg/day or lower doses. 相似文献
10.
Ichimi Kazuhiko Honda Miyuki Okada Yuka Tsuzuki Kana Yamaguchi Hitomi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):417-427
Fisheries Science - We carried out surveys to clarify how the density (no. of individuals/m2) and condition factor (CF) of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum differ between estuarine tidal flats... 相似文献