A survey of northern Victorian dairy farmers to investigate dairy calf management: colostrum feeding and management          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):101-106

Objectives

To describe colostrum management practices carried out in northern Victorian dairy herds and to identify weaknesses in these areas that may affect calf health and welfare by comparing the results with the current industry recommendations

Methods

A questionnaire to obtain information about colostrum management and calf‐rearing practices was sent to commercial dairy farming clients of Rochester Veterinary Practice between June and September 2013. The questionnaire consisted of a general herd overview and colostrum harvesting practices.

Results

The response rate was 39% (58/150). Many dairy producers were not meeting the current industry recommendations in the following areas: (1) time of removal calf from the dam, (2) relying on calf suckling colostrum from the dam to achieve adequate passive transfer, (3) failing to supplement calves with colostrum, (4) feeding inadequate volumes of colostrum, (5) delayed colostrum harvesting, (6) pooling of colostrum, (7) failing to objectively assess colostrum quality or relying on visual assessment and (8) storing colostrum for a prolonged periods of time at ambient temperatures.

Conclusion

The results from this survey highlight the need for greater awareness of industry standards for colostrum management and feeding hygiene.

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Polycythemia vera in dogs     

C J McGrath 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1974,164(11):1117-1122

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Blood content of broiler chicken carcases prepared by different slaughter methods     

G L Griffiths  M McGrath  A Softly  C Jones 《The Veterinary record》1985,117(15):382-385

Two trials using broiler chickens were undertaken to determine if variations in commercial slaughter techniques affected either the appearance or the residual blood content of the carcases produced. In the first trial groups of broilers were either stunned (55, 80 or 105 volts), electrocuted (240 volts) or anaesthetised and the subsequent bleed-out volumes after one, two, three and four minutes exsanguination were measured. The method of slaughter made no difference to the amount of blood lost after venesection. Haemoglobin content of the pectoral muscle was used to measure residual blood and was uniformly low in all groups (0.7 to 0.16 mg haemoglobin/g of muscle). In the second trial groups of chickens were either stunned and bled out, electrocuted, electrocuted and bled out, decapitated or halal killed before processing. The edible portions of the carcases were minced and the average haemoglobin content for each group was 0.19, 0.36, 0.22, 0.17 and 0.17 mg/g of soft tissue. The appearance of chickens that were stunned and bled out was the same as that of chickens that were electrocuted and bled out. The authors conclude that killing chickens by electrocution before exsanguination does not adversely affect the carcase appearance. Furthermore, electrocution ensures that broiler chickens are humanely slaughtered.  相似文献   

Morphometry,Morphology and Ultrastructure of Ring‐tailed Coati Sperm (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766)          下载免费PDF全文

HVR Silva  FF Magalhães  LR Ribeiro  ALP Souza  CIA Freitas  MF de Oliveira  AR Silva  LDM Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):945-951

The ring‐tailed coati (Nasua nasua) is a procyonid whose population is in sharp decline. Therefore, studies are needed to better understand the reproduction of this animal. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the morphology, morphometry and sperm ultrastructure of ring‐tailed coati sperm. Four captive adult males were used for this study. Slides stained with Bengal Rose were used for the morphometric and morphologic analyses. The length and width of the head were measured, as well as the length of the midpiece and tail and the total length of the sperm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used for the ultrastructural analyses. The most obvious morphological abnormalities observed were coiled tails (6.1 ± 8.7%) and the lack of acrosomes (5.4 ± 4.4%). Regarding the morphometry, the measurements of the head (length × width), midpiece (length) and tail (length) were (mean ± SD) 6.2 ± 0.4 × 8.1 ± 0.6 μm, 14.1 ± 0.5 and 63.9 ± 4.1 μm, respectively, and the total length of the sperm was 86.1 ± 4.3 μm. Through electron microscopy, the presence of electron‐lucent points in the nucleus and the presence of approximately 55 mitochondrial spirals in the midpiece were identified. The data obtained in this study provide detailed information on the sperm characteristics of coatis and may inform future research on germplasm conservation, both for this species and other threatened procyonids.  相似文献   

The effect of footrot on body weight and wool growth of sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DJ MARSHALL  RI WALKER  BR CULLIS  MF LUFF 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):45-49

Body weight and traits associated with production of wool were measured over a 2-year period between 1985 and 1987 in south-western New South Wales in a flock of Merino wethers experimentally infected with footrot. The disease was allowed to spread freely amongst 150 of the flock but kept at very low prevalence in the remaining 50 by preventive footbathing during transmission periods. Severe, underrunning footrot had a significant adverse effect on body weight, for each year of the trial. Body weight was most severely reduced at times of the year when footrot was spreading among animals and lesions were severe. The mean body weight of the infected group at the end of the 2 years of observation was 7.3 kg (11.6%) below that of the control group. Footrot also depressed wool growth, with the mean clean fleece weight of the infected group being 0.4 kg (8%) lighter than that of the controls at each of the 2 annual shearings. There were no consistent differences between the groups for the other wool characteristics measured.  相似文献   

Initial results from long-term field studies at three sites on the effects of heavy metal-amended liquid sludges on soil microbial activity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. A. Gibbs    B. J. Chambers    A. M. Chaudri    S. P. McGrath  & C. H. Carlton-Smith   《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(2):180-187

In a long‐term study of the effects on soil fertility and microbial activity of heavy metals contained in sewage sludges, metal‐amended liquid sludges each with elevated Zn, Cu or Cd concentrations were applied over a 3‐year period (1995–1997) to three sites in England. The experiments were sited adjacent to experimental plots receiving metal‐rich sludge cakes enabling comparisons to be made between the effects of heavy metal additions in metal‐amended liquid sludges and sludge cakes. The liquid sludge additions were regarded as ‘worst case’ treatments in terms of likely metal availability, akin to a long‐term situation following sewage sludge additions where organic matter levels had declined and stabilised. The aim was to establish individual Zn (50–425 mg kg^?1), Cu (15–195 mg kg^?1) and Cd (0.3–4.0 mg kg^?1) metal dose–response treatments at each site, but with significantly smaller levels of organic matter addition than the corresponding sludge cake experiments. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in soil respiration rates, biomass carbon concentrations or most probable numbers of clover Rhizobium between the treatments at any of the sites at the end of the liquid sludge application programme. Soil heavy metal extractability differed between the metal‐amended liquid sludge and metal‐rich sludge cake treatments; Zn and Cd extractabilities were higher from the liquid sludge additions, whereas Cu extractability was higher from the sludge cake application. These differences in metal extractability in the treated soil samples reflected the contrasting NH₄NO₃ extractable metal contents of the metal‐amended liquid sludges and sludge cakes that were originally applied.  相似文献   

Probing the Local Effects of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity     

A Yazdani  BA Jones  CP Lutz  MF Crommie  DM Eigler 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1767-1770

The local effects of isolated magnetic adatoms on the electronic properties of the surface of a superconductor were studied with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Tunneling spectra obtained near magnetic adsorbates reveal the presence of excitations within the superconductor's energy gap that can be detected over a few atomic diameters around the impurity at the surface. These excitations are locally asymmetric with respect to tunneling of electrons and holes. A model calculation based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations can be used to understand the details of the local tunneling spectra.  相似文献   

Malignant hyperthermia     

C J McGrath 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1986,1(3):238-244

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The response of malignant hyperthermia sensitive pigs to vecuronium     

D. L. S. Richards  C. J. McGrath  R. E. Clutton †  J. C. Lee 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1989,16(1):18-23

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Spatial relationship between Mycobacterium bovis strains in cattle and badgers in four areas in Ireland     

Olea-Popelka FJ  Flynn O  Costello E  McGrath G  Collins JD  O'keeffe J  Kelton DF  Berke O  Martin SW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,71(1-2):57-70

We investigated whether strains (restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP-types) of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from badgers and from cattle clustered among and within four areas in Ireland. The spatial scan test and nearest-neighbor analysis were used as the spatial cluster-detection techniques. In addition, for each of the major strains, associations between the distance to badger setts and the "centroid" of the cattle farm were assessed in a logistic model. Overall, between September 1997 and May 2000, 316 and 287 M. bovis samples, from badgers and cattle, respectively, were strain-typed. The distribution of strains in badgers, and separately in cattle, differed among areas. Within each of the four large areas, badgers and cattle tended to have similar strains; this is consistent with the sharing of M. bovis strains within an area. In more detailed within-area analyses, some spatial clusters of M. bovis strains were detected, separately, in both cattle and badgers. Almost half of the infected badger setts with a specific strain were located outside of the "detected" clusters. There was no association between the number of infected badgers with a specific M. bovis strain within 2 or 5 km distances to cattle herds, and the risk of the same strain in cattle. We speculate about the dynamic nature of badger movements, as an explanation for the absence of more clusters of most of the strains of M. bovis isolated from badgers, and its impact on trying to study transmission of M. bovis between cattle and badger.  相似文献