Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in layers     

B. Mohan  R. Kadirvel  M. Bhaskaran  A. Natarajan 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):799-803

1. The effect of probiotic supplementation on egg production, on serum and yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in 24 White Leghorn layers was studied from 28–38 weeks of age.

2. In 3 treatments the diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 150 mg probiotic/kg food.

3. In the 100 mg probiotic group, egg production improved by 5%, and shell thickness improved slightly, with fewer thin‐shelled eggs than in the control (8.6% compared to 18.6%).

4. The initial serum cholesterol concentration of 170.2 mg/dl in control birds remained similar throughout the 10‐week experimental period, whereas in the 150 mg group the initial value of 176.5 mg/dl decreased to 114.3 mg by week 10.

5. Yolk cholesterol concentration was 14.69 mg in the control group and 11.28 and 11.37 mg/g in the 100 and 150 mg probiotic groups respectively. Overall mean total egg cholesterol was thus reduced by probiotic supplementation.  相似文献   

Development of anemia,phlebotomy practices,and blood transfusion requirements in 45 critically ill cats (2009–2011)          下载免费PDF全文

Anusha Balakrishnan BVSc  DACVECC  Kenneth J. Drobatz DVM  DACVECC  MSCE  Erica L. Reineke VMD  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(3):406-411

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Role of outer membrane proteins in immunity against murine salmonellosis--1. Antibody response to crude outer membrane proteins of Salmonella typhimurium     

M Natarajan  V Udhayakumar  K Krishnaraju  V Muthukkaruppan 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(1):9-16

The humoral immune response to crude outer membrane proteins (comp) of S. typhimurium in mice has been characterized. Maximal and quicker antibody response was observed when 50 micrograms of comp was injected intraperitoneally. The comp of smooth C5 strain of S. typhimurium evoked antibody response to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteins. Absorption of these sera with LPS coated erythrocytes eliminated the antibodies to LPS completely, while the antibody level to protein was left unaltered. The comp from rough mutant (lacking O-specific chain of LPS) of S. typhimurium elicited antibodies to proteins but not to LPS. These results indicate the concomitant production of antibodies to Salmonella outer membrane proteins also. The significance of such antibodies in protection and diagnosis has been discussed.  相似文献   

Identification of glycinin and beta-conglycinin subunits that contribute to the increased protein content of high-protein soybean lines     

Krishnan HB  Natarajan SS  Mahmoud AA  Nelson RL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1839-1845

Seed protein concentration of commercial soybean cultivars calculated on a dry weight basis ranges from approximately 37 to 42% depending on genotype and location. A concerted research effort is ongoing to further increase protein concentration. Several soybean plant introductions (PI) are known to contain greater than 50% protein. These PIs are exploited by breeders to incorporate the high-protein trait into commercial North American cultivars. Currently, limited information is available on the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate high-proteins. In this study, we have carried out proteomic and molecular analysis of seed proteins of LG00-13260 and its parental high-protein lines PI 427138 and BARC-6. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the high-protein lines accumulated increased amounts of beta-conglycinin and glycinins, when compared with Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis utilizing pH 4-7 and pH 6-11 ampholytes enabled improved resolution of soybean seed proteins. A total of 38 protein spots, representing the different subunits of beta-conglycinin and glycinin, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. High-protein was correlated with an increase in the accumulation of most of the subunits representing beta-conglycinin and glycinin. Comparisons of the amino acid profiles of high-protein soybean lines revealed that the concentration of sulfur amino acids, a reflection of protein quality, was not influenced by the protein concentration. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of genotypic variation at the DNA level between PI 427138 and BARC-6 for the genes encoding group1 glycinin, beta-conglycinin, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). LG00-13260 inherited the allelic variants of the parental line PI 427138 for glycinin, beta-conglycinin, and KTI, while BBI was inherited from the parental line BARC-6. The results of our study indicate that high-seed protein concentration is attributed to greater accumulation of specific components of beta-conglycinin and glycinin subunits presumably mediated by preferential expression of these genes during seed development.  相似文献   

Flea species infesting dogs in Florida and Bartonella spp. prevalence rates     

K. Yore  B. DiGangi  M. Brewer  N. Balakrishnan  E.B. Breitschwerdt  M. Lappin 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):225-229

Several Bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of Bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. The objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in Florida, the prevalence of Bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of Bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. Fleas, serum, and EDTA-anti-coagulated whole blood were collected from 80 healthy dogs, and total DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of Bartonella spp. The genera of fleas infesting 43 of the dogs were determined phenotypically. PCR amplicons from blood and flea pools were sequenced to confirm the Bartonella species. Amplicons for which sequencing revealed homology to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (Bvb) underwent specific genotyping by targeting the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region.A total of 220 fleas were collected from 80 dogs and pooled by genus (43 dogs) and flea species. Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified from 14 of 80 dog blood samples (17.5%) and from 9 of 80 pooled fleas (11.3%). B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii DNA was amplified from nine dogs and five of the flea pools. Bartonella rochalimae (Br) DNA was amplified from six dogs and two flea pools. One of 14 dogs was co-infected with Bvb and Br. The dog was infested with Pulex spp. fleas containing Br DNA and a single Ctenocephalides felis flea. Of the Bvb bacteremic dogs, five and four were infected with genotypes II and I, respectively. Of the Bvb PCR positive flea pools, three were Bvb genotype II and two were Bvb genotype I.Amplification of Bvb DNA from Pulex spp. collected from domestic dogs, suggests that Pulex fleas may be a vector for dogs and a source for zoonotic transfer of this pathogen from dogs to people. The findings of this study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that flea-infested dogs may be a reservoir host for Bvb and Br and that ectoparasite control is an important component of shelter intake protocols.  相似文献   

Effect of fluoride on axenic cultures of diatoms     

C. M. Joy  K. P. Balakrishnan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,49(3-4):241-249

Algal bioassay studies on the effect of F concentrations on diatoms Nitzschia palea (freshwater) and Amphora coffeaeformis (brackishwater) were conducted in the laboratory. Significant enhancement of growth occurred in N. palea at F concentrations between 10 and 110 mg L^?1. In A. coffeaeformis statistically significant stimulation occurred at 70 mg L^?1 F and above 90 mg L^?1 F the growth declined. The results indicate that the diatom N. palea and A. coffeaeformis can tolerate high F concentration.  相似文献   

Mutations: Incidence in Drosophila melanogaster Reared on Irradiated Medium     

Swaminathan MS  Nirula S  Natarajan AT  Sharma RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,141(3581):637-638

An increase in the rate of mutation has been found in Drosophila melanogaster reared on a basic medium that was irradiated with a sterilizing dose (150,000 rads) of cobalt-60 gamma rays. In Muller-5 tests, sex-linked recessive lethals occurred only in the F(2) progenies of the male test flies obtained from breeding the parent flies on irradiated medium, while visible changes occurred in experimental cultures from both the control and irradiated media. The frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals was 0.35, 0.55, and 0.8 percent in three independent experiments. Visible changes were two to six times more frequent in the irradiated series than in the controls.  相似文献   

Development and standardization of a piezo electric immunobiosensor for foot and mouth disease virus typing     

Gajendragad MR  Kamath KN  Anil PY  Prabhudas K  Natarajan C 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,78(4):319-330

An immunobiosensor using a piezo electric (PZ) crystal was developed and standardized for foot and mouth disease (FMD) diagnosis and virus typing. A 6MHz quartz crystal was used as the frequency determining element. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type specific antibody raised in rabbits/monoclonal antibody was coated on the crystal surface and the resonance measured. One microlitre of the 10% aqueous suspension of the clinical sample (tongue or foot epithelium) was applied on both surfaces of the crystal and the resonance recorded. A difference in resonance of more than -2.5Hz was obtained in positive samples (homologous antigen and antibody). The test was standardized initially using various dilutions of FMD tissue culture antigen. Repeatability and sensitivity were also tested and it was found that the crystals could be washed and reused eight times. The test could be used for FMDV type specifically and no cross-reaction between FMDV types was observed. The shelf-life of the antibody-coated crystal stored at room temperature was 18 weeks. Application of the biosensor test to the FMDV clinical samples confirmed virus typing results when compared with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and it could also detect virus in ELISA negative samples and mixed virus infections.  相似文献   

Early antibody responses of cattle for foot-and-mouth disease quadrivalent double oil emulsion vaccine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Patil PK  Bayry J  Nair SP  Gopalakrishna S  Sajjanar CM  Misra LD  Natarajan C 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(2):103-109

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The multiplicity of FMDV serotypes in animals poses a central problem in the policy of vaccination and is of much concern to health authorities. Hence it is the practice of vaccination with polyvalent vaccine for prophylactic measure. In the present report, we analysed the early antibody responses elicited by FMDV quadrivalent (FMDV O, A, C and Asia 1 serotypes) double emulsion (Montanide ISA 206) vaccines in cattle. We observed variations between various viral serotypes in eliciting early antibody response although neutralizing antibody response against all the four serotypes were detected as early as fourth day following vaccination. The duration of immunity also appeared to maintain for long period. The neutralizing antibody titres were maintained well above 2log(10) even after 6 months of vaccination irrespective of serotypes. Thus, allows the possibilities of two vaccinations per year for the maintenance of herd immunity.  相似文献   

Sonographic characteristics of goat testis on water bath based ultrasonography     

S. Jeyakumar  Arun Kumar DeA. Kundu  Kuntola RoyJai Sunder  M.S. KunduM. Balakrishnan  Subhash ChandS.K. Zamir Ahmed 《Livestock Science》2013,152(1):79-87

Assessing the health of the testes in domestic animals is an important aspect of the breeding soundness examination and selection. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple method for scanning and to establish ultrasonographically the gross anatomic structures of the goat testes. Six adult male goats were examined to study the sonographic appearance of normal testes and epididymides using a water bath based ultrasound scanning technique. The ultrasonographic examinations were done using a 5–9 MHz/60 mm (7.5 MHz) linear-array transducer and a B-mode scanner. The ultrasonographic examination was performed in goats after standardizing the procedure on six testes collected from slaughter house. Results showed that in live goats when the probe was placed directly over the scrotum it gave distorted and unclear image. In water bath method the entire scrotum was dipped into a container filled with water and linear probe was used to observe the sonographic features of the testis. Each testis was viewed vertically, resulting in longitudinal image which was frozen, measured and printed through a thermal printer. The results of the ultrasonogram revealed that the testicular parenchyma was homogenous and moderately echogenic throughout. The diameter (mean±se) of the right and left testes was 4.47±0.14 and 4.42±0.07 cm respectively and no significant difference was observed between the testes. The mediastinum testis was a 1.50±0.22 cm wide linear structure of greater echogenicity than the testicular parenchyma when viewed in the transverse plane and nearly circular echogenic “spot” in the midline of the testis when viewed horizontally. The head and tail of the epididymides were easily identified on all the testes, but the epididymal body and ductus deferens were difficult to identify consistently. The tail of the epididymis was easily identified on the distal end of the testis with sonolucent tubules and appeared sonographically as a ‘peaked cap’ upon the testicular parenchyma. The diameter (mean±se) of the tail of right and left epididymis was 2.11±0.18 and 1.92±0.06 cm and no significant difference was observed between epididymides. The vascular pampiniform plexus (1.42±0.18 cm) was easily identified on the proximal end of the testes. The tunics of the testes appeared as a bright echogenic line. Inter-testicular septum appeared between testes as a hyperechoic line. It is concluded that ultrasonography permits a noninvasive evaluation of the internal structure of the scrotum and testes and water bath based sonographic examination may prove to be a valuable simple diagnostic methodology for evaluating physiopathologic conditions of goat testes and can be employed as a routine investigative method during breeding soundness and clinical examination.  相似文献