Poorly crystalline iron and aluminium oxides contribute to the carbon saturation and sorption of dissolved organic carbon in the soil     

Tania Khandakar  Chris Guppy  Sheikh M. F. Rabbi  Heiko Daniel 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):120-125

Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg^?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.  相似文献   

Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on renal antioxidants, malondialdehyde levels, and some serum biochemical parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Enver Yazar  Muammer Elmas  Vahdettin Altunok  Abdullah Sivrikaya  Esma Oztekin    Yavuz Osman Birdane 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(3):239-240

Effects of amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin on renal tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, serum creatinine, potassium, sodium, total protein, glucose, uric acid, and total bilirubin levels were investigated. All aminoglycoside antibiotics decreased renal tissue glutathione levels.  相似文献   

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review     

Eric Lim Teik Chung  Michael Predith  Frisco Nobilly  Anjas Asmara Samsudin  Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse  Teck Chwen Loh 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1727-1732

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.  相似文献   

Performance of Bangladesh indigenous rice in a weed infested field and separation of allelopathy from resource competition     

Sheikh Muhammad Masum  Mohammad Amzad Hossain  Hikaru Akamine  Jun‐Ichi Sakagami  Takahiro Ishii  Ichiro Nakamura  Md. Asaduzzaman  Prasanta Chitta Bhowmik 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(2):39-50

This study aimed to identify the potential allelopathic indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties from Bangladesh using a performance study in a weed‐infested field and to assess the extent of allelopathic interference relative to resource competition in a glasshouse experiment. Six varieties – namely, “Boterswar,” “Goria,” “Biron” and “Kartiksail” as the most allelopathic, “Hashikolmi” as weakly allelopathic and “Holoi” as nonallelopathic – were raised following a nonweed control method. The infestation levels of weed species were calculated using Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI), which ranged from 0.2 to 0.56. However, a significant correlation coefficient (0.87, P < 0.001) was obtained from these field data compared with the root inhibition percentage from the laboratory bioassay, and the “Boterswar” variety was the most allelopathic. The interactions between the allelopathic variety “Boterswar,” weakly allelopathic variety “Hashikolmi” and Echinochloa oryzicola via a target (rice)‐adjacent (E. oryzicola) cogrowth culture were determined in a hydroponic arrangement. The relative competitive intensity (RCI) and the relative neighbor effect (RNE) values showed that the crop–weed interaction was facilitation for “Boterswar” and competition for “Hashikolmi” and E. oryzicola in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The allelopathic effects of “Boterswar” were much higher than the resource competition in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The converse was observed for “Hashikolmi.” Moreover, the mineral content of E. oryzicola was severely affected by “Boterswar”/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures’ exudate solution. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of “Boterswar” variety might be useful for developing the weed‐suppressing capacity of rice, which will likely have a significant influence on paddy weed control.  相似文献   

Egg production,fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures     

Ahmed Abdel-Kareem Abuoghaba  Waheed Ezzat  Ahmed Mohamed Rizk  Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam  Osama Abdullah El-Sayed 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):725-730

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24-34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.  相似文献   

The use of FAMACHA in estimation of gastrointestinal nematodes and total worm burden in Damara and Barbados Blackbelly cross sheep     

Konto Mohammed  Yusuf Abba  Nur Syairah Binti Ramli  Murugaiyah Marimuthu  Mohammed Ariff Omar  Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah  Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq  Abdulnasir Tijjani  Eric Lim Teik Chung  Mohammed Azmi Mohammed Lila 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(5):1013-1020

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Protective efficacy of high-passage avian pneumovirus (APV/MN/turkey/1-a/97) in turkeys     

Gulati BR  Patnayak DP  Sheikh AM  Poss PE  Goyal SM 《Avian diseases》2001,45(3):593-597

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Effect of an immunomodulator on the efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against avian pneumovirus in turkeys     

Rautenschlein S  Sheikh AM  Patnayak DP  Miller RL  Sharma JM  Goyal SM 《Avian diseases》2002,46(3):555-561

Since 1997, avian pneumovirus (APV) has caused estimated annual losses of $15 million to the Minnesota turkey industry. In order to develop an attenuated live vaccine against APV, we serially passaged a Minnesota isolate of APV (APV/MN/turkey/1-a/97) in vitro in cell cultures for 41 passages. Laboratory experiments with this high-passage virus (P41) indicated that the attenuated virus provided immunogenic protection to turkeys against challenge with virulent APV, although some birds showed mild to moderate dinical signs after inoculation. To reduce the residual pathogenicity of P41, while maintaining its immunogenicity, we decided to vaccinate turkeys with P41 in the presence of an immunomodulator, S-28828 (1-n-butyl-2-ethoxymethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine-hydrochloride), which is a potent cytokine inducer. The combined inoculation of S-28828 (5 mg/kg body weight) and P41 resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of virus-induced clinical signs in comparison with birds that received P41 without immunomodulator (P < 0.05). Only 17% of birds inoculated with S-28828 + APV P41 showed mild respiratory symptoms at 5 days postinoculation as compared with 46% of the vaccinated turkeys that did not receive S-28828. Vaccination with either P41 or with P41 + S-28828 protected turkeys against dinical signs and viral replication after challenge with virulent APV. These results indicate that immunomodulators, such as S-28828, may act as good vaccine adjuvants that can reduce the pathogenicity but maintain the immunogenicity of partially attenuated vaccines.  相似文献   

Behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference of Bemisia tabaci on cotton     

N.M.M. Abdullah  Joginder Singh 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,84(1):10-16

The study on behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on cotton was conducted, at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Punjab, India, during 2001 crop season and repeated in the same season. Multiple-choice test was followed for conducting the experiment. Quinalphos (250, 375, and 500), carbaryl (625, 938, and 1250), acephate (750, 1125, and 1500), endosulfan (438, 656, and 875), and fenvalerate (25, 38, and 50 g ai/ha) were repeatedly sprayed on potted plants of American cotton (var. LH-1556). The impact of these insecticides was evaluated in term of oviposition preference by B. tabaci to treated plants. Also, it investigated changes in biochemical components of treated cotton leaves and the correlation with oviposition preference. The results revealed that, fenvalerate treated plants were more preferred by whitefly for oviposition. Maximum number of eggs was observed on fenvalerate treated plants, 38, 50, and 25 g/ha (39.3, 37.3, and 36.1 eggs/leaf, respectively) followed by acephate 1500 g/ha (26.9 eggs/ leaf) compared with untreated control (14.1 eggs/leaf). Almost similar trend of results was observed in the repeated experiment. The results obtained from biochemical studies revealed that all the insecticidal treatments caused reduction in total sugars compared with untreated control except fenvalerate and low dose of quinalphos. All insecticides caused increase in total free amino acids and brought significant changes in total phenols and pH value of treated plants. These results have confirmed the behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference that induced by fenvalerate and acephate in B. tabaci, which may be one of the causes behind its resurgence on plants repeatedly treated with these insecticides.  相似文献   

Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation parameters for Melastomataceae spp. using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter     

Wilson Thau Lym Yong  Janna Ong Abdullah  Maziah Mahmood 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for both Melastoma malabathricum and Tibouchina semidecandra were optimized using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter. The binary vector pCAMBIA1304 harboring the modified green fluorescent protein (mgfp) gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was used. Parameters optimized were bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, pre-culture period, co-cultivation period, immersion time, acetosyringone concentration and wounding type. Results obtained were based on the percentage of GFP expression which was observed 3 days post-transformation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and EHA105 at concentration 1 × 10⁷ cfu ml⁻¹ (OD_600nm 0.8) showed the highest virulence on M. malabathricum and T. semidecandra, respectively. Four days of pre-culture and 2 days of co-cultivation were optimum for M. malabathricum transformation, while 3 days of pre-culture and co-cultivation for T. semidecandra. Result also showed that 60 min of immersion and addition of 200 μM acetosyringone gave the highest percentage of positive transformants for both M. malabathricum and T. semidecandra. Mild wounding also significantly increased the efficiency of M. malabathricum transformation.  相似文献