Genotypic Variability in Biomass Protein and Nucleic Acids in Four Linum Species to Sodicity Stress     

A. K. Singh  B. B. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(1):1-7

Differences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi-dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR.
SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO₂ concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance.  相似文献   

The extent of genetic diversity among Vanilla species: Comparative results for RAPD and ISSR     

Praveen C. Verma  Debasis Chakrabarty  Satya Narayan Jena  Devesh K. Mishra  Pradhyumna K. Singh  Samir V. Sawant  Rakesh Tuli 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):581-589

Vanilla is a large genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), including the species Vanilla planifolia from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. Since most species of vanilla are considered rare and endangered there is an urgent need to conserve them through genetic analysis and propagation/conservation studies on this crop.The present study investigated the genetic diversity among nine leafy- and leaf-less Vanilla species employing 30 decamer RAPD primers and 10 ISSR primers. The species under study were diverse and displayed a range of variability (0–66% and 0–81% for RAPD and ISSR, respectively). A total of 154 RAPD polymorphic markers (83.24%, h = 0.378) and 93 ISSR polymorphic markers (86.11%, h = 0.363) were used to generate a genetic similarity matrix followed by the cluster analysis. Specific groupings were revealed by each cluster analysis with slight variation between two different markers. Among the nine species studied, V. planifolia, Vanilla aphylla and Vanilla tahitensis revealed very low level of variation within their collections, thus indicating a narrow genetic base. The large genetic distance of Vanilla andamanica from other species suggests its different origin. A close genetic affinity was observed between the pairs V. planifolia, V. tahitensis and Vanilla albida, V. aphylla. These are the first comparative results for RAPD and ISSR reporting inter-relationship among nine cultivated, wild and hybrid Vanilla species.  相似文献   

Versuche zur Zyklussynchronisation bei Kühen aus Beständen rnit Fertilitätsproblemen und bei Hybriden zwischen Wisent und Rind mit der PRID-Spirale*     

S. Zdu&#x;czyk  A. Domaszewski  Z. Giiejewski  T. Janowski  A. Zebracki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1989,24(1):1-7

Inhalt: An 81 Versuchs- und 92 Kontrolltieren der Rasse “Potnische Schwarzbunte” aus 3 Problembetrieben wurde ein Versuch zur Sterilitätsprophylaxe rnit der PRID-Spirale durchgeführt. Anhand klinischer Befunde und Milchprogesteronwerten wurde die Untergruppe aus Kühen mit Ovardystrophie (18 Versuchs- und 22 Kontrolltiere) gebildet und extra ausgewertet. Der Behandlungsbeginn lag zwischen 60 und 80 Tage post partum. Die Versuchstiere wurden mit der PRID-Spirale 12 Tage lang behandelt, die Kontrolltiere erhielten Injcktionen rnit Kochsalzlösung und solche rnit Ovardystrophie wurden zusätzlich mit einer Eierstocksmassage behandelt. Die Versuchstiere wurden 56 und 72 Stunden nach Entfernung der Spirale blind besamt. Die Brunstin-duktionsrate betrug insgesamt 90,1%, bei denen rnit Ovardystrophie 77,7%. Die An-wendung der PRID-Spirale führte zur Verbesserung der Fertilitätslage. Die Gesamt-trächtigkeitsrate lag mit 87,6% bei den Versuchskühenüber derjenigen der Kontrollkü-he mit 79,3%. Die Behandlung der Tiere rnit Ovardystrophie erbrachte eine Gesamt-trächtigkeitsrate von 88,8% bei den Versuchs- und 72,7% bei den Kontrolltieren. Die Zwischentragezeit betrug bei den Versuchstieren 101,2 Tage und bei den Kontrolltieren 113,3 Tage (p ≤ 0,05). Bei den azyklischen Tieren lag die Zwischentragezeit bei 104,6 Tage bzw. 134,7 Tage (p ≤ 0,05). In einem anderen Versuch wurde 20 Hybriden zwischen Wisent und Hausrind rwecks Zyklussynchronisation die PRID-Spirale verabreicht. Die Brunstinduktionsrate betrug 66,6%, das Erstbesamungsergebnis nach Doppelbesamung 30%, die Gesamtträchtig-keitsrate nach dem Decken der umrindernden Kreuzungstiere rnit einem Bullen 90%. Die Deckperiode konnte verkürzt werden. Contents: Investigations on the synchronization of estrus cycle in cattle from farms with fertility problems and in cross-breeds between bison and cattle with a PRID-de-vice In 81 experimental and 92 control animals of the “Polish Black and White” breed derived from 3 farms with fertility problems an investigation was carried out for sterility prophylaxis using the PRID-device. Based on clinical findings and milk progesterone values cattle with ovarian dystrophy (18 experimental and 22 control animals) from a special group were used. The begin of treatment was between 60 and 80 days post partum. All experimental animals had received a PRID-device for a duration of 12 days. Control animals were injected with physiological saline solution and animals with ovarian dystrophy were treated additionally with ovarian massage. Experimental animals were inseminated 56 and 72 hrs after removal of the device. All animals taken, estrus was induced in 90.1% of the animals, while only 77.7% of animals with ovarian dystrophy came to estrus. Application of the PRID-device led to an improvement of fertility. Pregnancy rates in experimental animals were 87.6%, while only 79.3% of the control animals were pregnant. Treatment of animals with ovarian dystrophy resulted in 88.8% pregnancies for treated and 72.7% for control animals. Experimental animals were non-pregnant for a duration of 101.2 days, while control animals remained non-pregnant for 113.3 days (p < 0.05). Acyclic cattle had a non-pregnant period of 104.6 days and 134.7 days (p < 0.05) respectively. In a second experiment 20 cross-breeds between bison and domestic cattle were treated with a PRID-device for synchronization of the estrus cycle. The rate of estrus induction was 66.6%, the fertility after double insemination 30%, the total pregnancy rate improved after mating with a bull of animals that had not conceived to 90%.  相似文献   

Anaplasmosis in Uganda. I. Use of dried blood on filter papers and serum samples for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis—A comparative study     

G. S. Z. Ssenyonga  I. Kakoma  Sonia Montenegro-James  R. Hansen 《Tropical animal health and production》1992,24(1):2-8

Summary The suitability of blood collected on filter papers in comparison with corresponding conventional serum samples in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis was studied using the complement fixation test, DOT-ELISA, Western immunoblot and rapid card agglutination test. Dried blood on Whatman filter paper no. 1 was eluted in PBS 0·05% Tween 20 giving an initial dilution of 1∶10. The reactivity of the eluted samples in both DOT-ELISA and Western immunoblotting were similar to those obtained with the corresponding straight serum sample dilutions. Filter paper samples gave lower reactivity in the remaining tests when compared with corresponding serum samples. There was no significant difference in the reactivity between the eluates from filter papers stored at temperatures ranging between 15·5 and 24°C and those kept refrigerated. Storage at 15·5 to 24°C did not significantly affect reactivity for up to six months. Eluates from filter papers stored for six months at 15·5 to 24°C continued to give similar reactivity as those from freshly prepared filter papers in both DOT-ELISA and Western blot, and in the rapid card agglutination test. It is concluded that collecting blood on filter papers is a suitable technique for large scale seroepidemiological studies on anaplasmosis and offers many advantages in developing countries where transport and cold chain facilities are a major constraint.

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Resumen Se estudió la efectividad de muestras de sangre colectadas en papel filtro, en comparación con las correspondientes muestras convencionales du suero, en el diagnóstico de anaplasmosis bovina, utilizando fijación de complemento, DOT-ELISA, Western, immunoblot y la prueba rápida de la tarjeta. La sangre seca en papel Whatman N^o 1 fue removida con PBS 0·05% entre 20, dando una dilución inicial de 1∶10. La reactividad de las muestras removidas de papel filtro, en la prueba de DOT-ELISA y Western immunoblotting, fueron similares a la obtenida con la correspondiente muestra de suero. Las muestras de papel filtro reaccionaron menos en las otras pruebas, cuando se compararon con las correspondients muestras du suero. No hubo diferencia significativa en la reactividad entre los lavados del papel filtro guardados a temperaturas entre 15·5 y 24°C y aquellos guardados en refrigeración. El almacenaje entre 15·5 y 24°C, no afectó la reactividad hastas seis meses. Los lavados de papel filtro guardados por seis meses entre 15·5 y 24°C, dieron la misma reactividad como los lavados frescos, en la prueba DOT-ELISA y Western blot, lo mismo que en la prueba de aglutinación rápida de tarjeta. Se concluye, qu la colección de sangre en papel filtro, es una buena técnica para estudios epidemiológicos de cierta magnitud, sobre anaplasmosis, ofreciendo ventajas considerables en paises en desarrollo en donde las cadenas de frío son deficientes.

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Résumé La fiabilité du sang récolté sur papier filtre comparée à celle des prélèvements conventionnels de sérum pour le diagnostic de l'anaplasmose a été étudiée à l'aide des tests suivants: fixation du complément, ELISA, immunoblot de Western, test rapide d'agglutination sur carte. Du sang séché sur papier filtre Whatman N^o 1 a fait l'object d'une élution dans une solution de PBS à 0,05 p. 100 (Tween 20) pour donner une dilution de base au dilution de base au 1∶10. Le réactivité des échantillons, autant avec le test ELISA que l'immunoblot Western, a été identique à celle obtenue par dilution directe de sérums homologue. Les échantillons sur papier filtre ont donné une réactivité plus faible pour les autres tests, comparée à celle des échantillons de sérum semblables. Aucune différence significative n'a été décelée quant à leur réactivité les éluats provenant de papiers filtres stockés à des températures comprises entre 15,5 et 24°C at ceux conservés au réfrigérateur. Le stockage entre 15,5 et 24°C n'a pas non plus affecté la réactivité de fa?on significative; les éluats conservés à partir des papiers filtres, à cette même température durant 6 mois, ont montré des réactions identiques que ceux provenant de papiers filtres fra?chement préparés, à la fois avec le test ELISA, celui de Western Blot et le test d'agglutination rapide sur carte. On peut conclure que la collecte du sang sur papier filtre est une technique adaptée à l'étude épidémiologique de l'anaplasmose à grande échelle. Elle offre de nombreux avantages dans les pays en développement où offre de nombreux avantages dans les pays en développement où les moyens de transports et la cha?ne du froid constituent des contraintes majeures.

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Effect of Split Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Wheat (T. aestivum L.) Genotypes with Different N-Assimilation Potential     

M. Z. Abdin    K. C. Bansal  Y. P. Abrol 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(2):83-90

A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen regimes to assess the growth and yield performance of wheat genotypes which differ in nitrate assimilation potential. Genotypic differences in biomass accumulation were observed at different growth stages. The nitrogen treatment had little effect on biomass accumulation at early stages of growth, while at later stages of growth there was enhanced biomass accumulation when N was applied in more than two splits. On an average, genotypes with high nitrate reductase activity (the 'HNR' genotypes) accumulated 14.2 % more biomass than the genotypes with low nitrate reductase activity ('LNR' genotypes) when an extra dose (40 kg N ha⁻¹) of nitrogen was given at the time of anthesis. The application of nitrogen in more than two splits increased grain yield of both 'HNR' and 'LNR' genotypes mainly by increasing grain weight per ear. The application of an extra dose of nitrogen (40 kg N ha⁻¹) at the time of anthesis increased grain yield of 'HNR' genotypes by 38.5 % as compared to 'LNR' genotypes.  相似文献   

Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities     

A. Anda  Z. Løke 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(3):202-209

Components of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought-tolerant hybrid.  相似文献   

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop     

N. C. Sinha  R. P. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,156(4):246-252

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.  相似文献   

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding     

J. Q. Yan    Q. Z. Xue  Y. X. Wang 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(5):301-304

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.  相似文献   

Efficacy of netobimin against naturally acquired helminth infections in cattle.     

T A Yazwinski  H Featherston  Z Johnson 《The Veterinary record》1992,131(10):219-220

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Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition of turkey red blood cells with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T F Young  B Z Erickson  R F Ross  Y Wannemuehler 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(7):1052-1055

The ability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to agglutinate RBC was evaluated to develop an in vitro cytadsorption assay. Using swine RBC in a microtitration hemagglutination test, no agglutination or partial agglutination was detected. Comparison of RBC from various other species indicated that improved hemagglutination was obtained with RBC from turkeys. This hemagglutination was detected only when mycoplasma cells used in the assay had been frozen and thawed, heated at 50 C for 30 minutes, or treated with trypsin. Treatment of RBC with trypsin or neuraminidase enhanced hemagglutination. Possible surface lectin activity in M hyopneumoniae was evaluated by use of carbohydrates in a blocking assay; hemagglutination was not inhibited by any of 13 carbohydrates evaluated. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae convalescent porcine serum and monoclonal antibodies against 2 M hyopneumoniae immunogens of molecular weights of 64,000 and 41,000 inhibited hemagglutination.  相似文献