Tagging and elimination of plasmids in Salmonella of avian origin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C Poppe  C L Gyles 《Veterinary microbiology》1988,18(1):73-87

This study compared the effectiveness of a number of procedures designed to label and eliminate plasmids that may play a role in virulence in Salmonella. Twenty strains of Salmonella of 9 serovars were subjected to 3 methods for labelling plasmids with transposons. Strains containing labelled and unlabelled plasmids were exposed to physical and chemical curing agents. Plasmids in 9 of 20 strains of Salmonella were tagged by conjugation with a donor Escherichia coli containing a temperature-sensitive RP4 plasmid that carried the Tn1 transposon. Plasmids in 2 of 5 strains of Salmonella were labelled by conjugation with a donor E. coli that contained a F' tslac::Tn5 plasmid. Transduction of Salmonella with a P22 bacteriophage that carried a temperature-sensitive Tn10 transposon resulted in chromosomal insertion of Tn10 in 2 of 10 strains. Use of chemical curing agents resulted in curing of plasmids in only 6 of 17 strains. Two strains were cured by ethidium bromide, two by a combination of ethidium bromide and novobiocin, two by a combination of imipramine and methylene blue, and none by acridine orange, novobiocin, sodium dodecyl sulfate or rifampicin. In contrast, plasmids in 14 of 17 Salmonella strains were eliminated by incubation at 45.5 degrees C.  相似文献   

Protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract of growing bull calves. 5. The amino acid flow into the duodenum     

M Gabel  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1986,36(4-5):429-454

The flow of the individual amino acids (AA) into the duodenum was determined after the feeding of 28 different rations to young bulls supplied with duodenal re-entrant cannulae in the live weight range between 140 and 460 kg. The distribution of AA into AA of bacterial origin and AA from the feed was made by difference calculation between the AA at the duodenum (corrected by the endogenous AA quota) and the AA from the bacteria crude protein, with our own results based on a constant AA composition of the bacteria crude protein; by the regression analysis from relative values according to AAD/app. dig. org. m. = a + b AAF/app. dig. org. m. and by the regression analysis of the absolute values according to AAD = b1 app. dig. org. m. + b2 AAF showed the same results from the regression methods but deviating ones from the difference method. The calculation of the flow of the individual AA into the duodenum from the AA content of the ration and the content of app. dig. org. m. of the ration is possible. The equations derived for this purpose of the individual AA are given.  相似文献   

Lysine requirement of fattening sows depending on their performance. 2. Relations between energy consumption and live weight increase     

S Goldmann  W Hackl  S Poppe  W Wiesemüller 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1979,29(7-8):413-418

105 growing sows in the live weight range were fed with 7 test rations with graduated energy and amino acid levels. The growth intensity was very much influenced by the daily energy consumption. On the basis of regression analysis the following linear relation between daily weight increase (y in g per kg live weight0,75) and the daily energy consumption (x in energetic feed units for pigs per kg live weight0,75) was calculated: y = -13,79 + 0,7037 x (r = 0,84, sb -0,0295). The interpolation with regard to live weight balance resulted in a maintenance requirement of 19,8 energetic feed units for pigs resp. 70 kcal net energy fat for pigs per kg live weight0,75. The methods of assessment chosen showed an increase of the energy requirement per 100 g additional live weight increase per day of a constant amount, independent of the live weight, of 142 energetic feed units for pigs resp. 497 kcal net energy fat for pigs.  相似文献   

Protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract of growing young bulls. 2. Feed protein flow into the duodenum determined with 2,6-diaminopimelic acid as a marker for crude bacterial protein   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M Gabel  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1985,35(9):639-647

The experimental ascertainment of the pure feed protein flowing into the duodenum on the basis of the calculation of the difference between the NH3-free crude protein flowing into the duodenum and the bacterial crude protein determined by means of DAPA showed the following results after the testing of 28 different rations at a dry matter intake adequate to the production level: With a variation of the pure protein in the crude protein content of the ration between 40 and 90%, the quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum is 52.5%, and with a variation of the pure protein in the crude protein content between 80 and 90% it is 40.6%. The quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum shows a negative correlation to the apparent digestibility of the organic matter (y=231.7 -2.52x +/- 14.5). With a DM-intake adequate to the production level the quota of feed protein flowing into the duodenum is neither influenced by the flow rate (kg digesta/kg DM-intake) nor by the 'dilution rate' (g bacteria-free DMD/kg live weight 0.75/h).  相似文献   

Introduction and comparison of two methods of assessment of coronary lesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L     

Seierstad SL  Poppe T  Larsen S 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(4):189-197

This study investigated and compared quantitative and semi-quantitative coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. A total of 121 immature farmed and 47 sexually mature wild Atlantic salmon were included. Coronary arteries from all fish were morphometrically evaluated using a semi-quantitative method. A subsample of 76 salmon was additionally evaluated using a quantitative method. Another subsample of 71 salmon was used for reliability testing of the semi-quantitative method. Ten cross-sections of coronary arteries located on the ventral surface of the bulbus arteriosus were semi-quantitatively scored with regard to myointimal coronary lesions. Quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and area lesion (%) while semi-quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and lesion degree (%). Scores for individual fish were expressed as the average of lesion score, denoted as mean range lesion. One person performed all evaluations blindly. Two pathologists tested repeatability of the semi-quantitative lesion score measurements blindly. Both semi-quantitative and quantitative variables increased significantly with increasing lesion score. Semi-quantitative estimation gave significantly higher maximal intimal thickness values than quantitative measurement. Semi-quantitative measurements were found to explain 63.2% of variation in quantitatively measured maximal intimal thickness. Due to lack of agreement, the two methods are not directly comparable and one method cannot replace the other. Repeatability within and between observers with regard to semi-quantitative classification was very good with Kappa values larger than 61.5%. The semi-quantitative method was a valid and reliable method for coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

The first records of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii in the South American continent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maríndia Deprá  Jean Lucas Poppe  Hermes José Schmitz  Daniela Cristina De Toni  Vera L. S. Valente 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(3):379-383

This paper presents the first report of the occurrence of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in South America. Several samples were collected during various seasons in 2012 and 2013, and a significant number of individuals were obtained and identified. Based on the data recorded during each sampling campaign, including the locality, temperature, time of year, and number of individuals collected, several conclusions were drawn about the development of this invasion in southern Brazil.  相似文献   

Vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation and melanin accumulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., white muscle     

Koppang EO  Haugarvoll E  Hordvik I  Aune L  Poppe TT 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(1):13-22

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of variably sized pigmented foci encountered in fillets of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The material was sampled on the fillet production line and on salmon farms from fish with an average size of 3 kg from various producers. The fish had been routinely vaccinated by injection. Gross pathology, histology, immunohistochemistry using antisera against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II beta chain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the changes. Macroscopically, melanized foci were seen penetrating from the peritoneum deep into the abdominal wall, sometimes right through to the skin, and also embedded in the caudal musculature. Histological investigation revealed muscle degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation containing varying numbers of melano-macrophages. Vacuoles, either empty or containing heterogeneous material, were frequently seen. The presence of abundant MHC class II+ cells indicated an active inflammatory condition. TEM showed large extracellular vacuoles and leucocytes containing homogeneous material of lipid-like appearance. The results showed that the melanized foci in Atlantic salmon fillet resulted from an inflammatory condition probably induced by vaccination. The described condition is not known in wild salmon and in farmed salmon where injection vaccination is not applied.  相似文献   

Selection experiments with salmon: IV. Growth of Atlantic salmon during two years in the sea     

Knut Gunnes  Trygve Gjedrem 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,15(1):19-33

Brood stock of Atlantic salmon were sampled from 37 rivers or riversystems (strains) for three consecutive years. Each strain was represented by several full- and half-sib families. During the freshwater period each full-sib family was reared separately and each group was given as equal environmental conditions as possible. Fingerlings large enough to become 1-year-old smolt were freeze-branded and smolts from the different strains were sampled and transported to five salmon farms along the Norwegian coast. This paper deals with body weight and length of Atlantic salmon after a growth period of 2 years in the sea.Significant differences between strains were found for all three year classes. The interaction farm × strain was significant but accounted for only a small part of the total variation. It is concluded that genotype × environment interaction can be ignored when planning a selection programme for Altantic salmon for Norwegian farming conditions. A significant interaction sire × dam was found for the 1972 year-class, implying the presence of non-additive genetic variation. The heritabilities for body weight and length estimated from sire components (year-class 1973 and 1974) were quite high: 0.31 and 0.28, respectively. Genetic correlations between body weight and length were close to unity. The heritabilities for condition factor ($\text{K=}\text{weight in g}\text{(length in cm)}{}^3\text{·100}$ were small and none of the sire components were significant. It is concluded that the combination of weight and length used in calculating the K-factor has minor genetic basis.Genetic variation in body weight of Atlantic salmon is high, and about three times as high as for body length.  相似文献   

The energy requirements of Holstein-Friesian heifers during rearing and pregnancy under the tropical conditions of Cuba. 1. Determination of dry matter and energy assimilation and of the live weight development and energy expenditure     

L Zarragoitia  M Gabel  S Poppe 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1990,40(4):363-373

In an individual feeding experiment with 48 Holstein-Friesian heifers divided into 3 groups, the effect of various energy levels on live weight development and energy expenditure in the age bracket of 97 days (78 kg live weight) to conception (350 kg LW) and from conception to calving (500 kg LW) was investigated. Rations with differing concentrate--roughage ratios were used. The differentiation of energy intake per day between groups 1 and 2 and group 3 amounted to 7.5% in the 1st development period and to 20% between group 1 and groups 2 and 3 in the 2nd development period. There were significant differences in the live weight gain of 95 g/animal and day in the first development period (up to conception) and of 81 g/animal and day in the second period of development (from conception to calving). Under the tropical climatic conditions the energy expenditure in these studies was approximately 10% under the energy expenditure recommended by the NRC (1978). While there was a clear reciprocal relation between energy expenditure and live weight gain in the first period of development, this relation was less distinct in the second period of development.  相似文献   

A simple in vitro test tube method for estimating the bioavailability of phosphorus in feed ingredients for swine     

Bollinger DW  Tsunoda A  Ledoux DR  Ellersieck MR  Veum TL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(7):1804-1809

A simplified in vitro test tube (TT) method was developed to estimate the percentage of available P in feed ingredients for swine. The entire digestion procedure with the TT method consists of three consecutive enzymatic digestions carried out in a 50-mL conical test tube: (1) Pre-digestion with endo-xylanase and beta-glucanase for 1 h, (2) peptic digestion for 2 h, and (3) pancreatic digestion for 2 or 4 h. The TT method is simpler and much easier to perform compared to the dialysis tubing (DT) method, because dialysis tubing is not used. Reducing sample size from 1.0 to 0.25 g for the TT method improved results. In conclusion, the accuracy and validity of the TT method is equal to that of our more complicated DT method (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), designed to mimic the digestive system of swine, for estimating the availability of P in plant-origin feed ingredients.  相似文献