News from the Academy     

John Barnett 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(2):203-204

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Safety of an attenuated West Nile virus vaccine, live Flavivirus chimera in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Long MT  Gibbs EP  Mellencamp MW  Zhang S  Barnett DC  Seino KK  Beachboard SE  Humphrey PP 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(6):486-490

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: West Nile virus (WNV) infection is endemic and able to cause disease in naive hosts. It is necessary therefore to evaluate the safety of new vaccines. OBJECTIVES: To establish: 1) the safety of a modified live Flavivirus/West Nile virus (WN-FV) chimera by administration of an overdose and testing for shed of vaccine virus and spread to uninoculated sentinel horses; 2) that this vaccine did not become pathogenic once passaged in horses; and 3) vaccine safety under field conditions. METHODS: There were 3 protocols: 1) In the overdose/shed and spread study, horses were vaccinated with a 100x immunogenicity overdose of WN-FV chimera vaccine and housed with sentinel horses. 2) A reversion to virulence study, where horses were vaccinated with a 20x immunogenicity overdose of WN-FV chimera vaccine. Horses in both studies were evaluated for abnormal health conditions and samples obtained to detect virus, seroconversion and dissemination into tissues. 3) In a field safety test 919 healthy horses of various ages, breeds and sex were used. RESULTS: Vaccination did not result in site or systemic reactions in either experimental or field-injected horses. There was no shed of vaccine virus, no detection of vaccine virus into tissue and no reversion to virulence with passage. CONCLUSIONS: WN-FV chimera vaccine is safe to use in horses with no evidence of ill effects from very high doses of vaccine. There was no evidence of reversion to virulence. In addition, administration of this vaccine to several hundred horses that may have been previously exposed to WNV or WNV vaccine resulted in no untoward reactions. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: These studies establish that this live attenuated Flavivirus chimera is safe to use for immunoprophylaxis against WNV disease in horses.  相似文献   

A framework for evaluation of on-farm mastitis diagnostics in Australia     

RN Zadoks  E Scholz  SM Rowe  JM Norris  HB Pooley  J House 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):142-152

Numerous culture-based diagnostics are available on the Australian and international markets for on-farm detection of bacterial pathogens in milk. Use of such diagnostics may provide an opportunity to improve the prudent use of antimicrobials in udder health management. Farms are low-resource settings in terms of diagnostic microbiology capacity. The World Health Organisation has identified criteria for the evaluation of diagnostic tests in low resource settings based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, User-friendliness, being Rapid or Robust, Equipment-free and being Deliverable (ASSURED). Here, we review how those criteria can be interpreted in the context of microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, and how on-farm diagnostics that are currently available in Australia perform relative to ASSURED criteria. This evaluation identifies multiple trade-offs, both with regard to scientific criteria and with regards to convenience criteria. More importantly, the purpose of testing may differ between farms, and test performance should be evaluated relative to its intended use. The ability of on-farm mastitis diagnostics to inform mastitis treatment decision-making in a timely and cost-effective manner depends not just on test characteristics but also on farm-specific pathogen prevalence, and on the farm enterprise's priorities and the farm manager's potential courses of action. With most assay evaluations to date conducted in professional laboratories, there is a surprising dearth of information on how well any of the diagnostic tests perform on-farm and, indeed, of the on-farm decision-making processes that they aim to inform.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of GnRH plus prostaglandin F2alpha for estrus synchronization in cattle of Bos indicus breeding     

Lemaster JW  Yelich JV  Kempfer JR  Fullenwider JK  Barnett CL  Fanning MD  Selph JF 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(2):309-316

Postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding at three locations were studied to determine the efficacy of GnRH + PGF2alpha combinations for synchronization of estrus and(or) ovulation. Cows were equally distributed to each of three treatments by body condition score at the start of the experiment (d 0). All cows received 100 microg of GnRH on d 0 and 25 mg of PGF2alpha 7 d later. The three insemination protocols included 1) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment (Select-Synch; n = 197); 2) timed-AI + 100 microg of GnRH on d 9 of the experiment (CO-Synch; n = 193); 3) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment. Cows not exhibiting estrus by d 10 were timed-AI and injected with 100 microg of GnRH on d 10 of the experiment (Hybrid-Synch; n = 200). The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment was lower (P < 0.05) for CO-Synch (17.6%) cows than for Select-Synch or Hybrid-Synch (45.2 and 33.0%, respectively) cows, which did not differ (P > 0.05). For the Select-Synch and Hybrid-Synch cows that exhibited estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment and were artificially inseminated, conception rates were similar across treatments (50.5%). Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.01) for CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch (31.0 and 35.5%, respectively) cows than for Select-Synch (20.8%) cows. A greater (P < 0.01) percentage of cycling cows became pregnant (34.5%) than noncycling cows (25.9%) across all treatments. The CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch synchronization protocols resulted in greater pregnancy rates compared with the Select-Synch protocol in postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding.  相似文献   

A survey of cataracts in golden and labrador retrievers     

R. Curtis  K. C. Barnett 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(5):277-286

Two thousand two hundred and fifty-one golden and 1399 labrador retrievers were examined for certification under the BVA/Kennel Club eye examination scheme. Cataracts were diagnosed in 7.4 per cent of golden retrievers and 6.6 per cent of labrador retrievers; of these 4.7 per cent and 5.5 per cent, respectively, were of the posterior polar subcapsular (PPS) type and considered to be hereditary. Additional cases were examined as referrals. The PPS cataracts, essentially bilateral and always located at the confluence of the suture lines, were most commonly encountered in young dogs but could arise at any age. Over half of the cases re-examined after periods ranging from 12 to 34 months showed no or only slight progression but evidence was obtained for the occasional transformation of a PPS cataract into a total cataract. The hypothesis of dominant inheritance, probable from the pedigree data, received further support from instances of cataracts in retriever crosses. A perinuclear form of cataract, for which there was limited evidence for inheritance, was encountered almost exclusively in the golden retriever.  相似文献   

Drying-off therapy for bovine mastitis: a comparative field trial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R M Loosmore  D Howell  A D Adams  D N Barnett  T F Barr 《The Veterinary record》1968,83(14):358-360

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The Collie eye anomaly     

K C Barnett 《The Veterinary record》1969,84(17):431-434

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Hereditary cataract in the dog     

K C Barnett 《The Journal of small animal practice》1978,19(2):109-120

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The inheritance of ocular colobomata in Charolais cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M Falco  K C Barnett 《The Veterinary record》1978,102(5):102-104

The examination of approximately 800 pure bred and cross bred Charolais cattle indicated that ocular colobomata is inherited via an autosomal dominant gene in this breed. Penetrance was found to be complete in the male and partial (52 per cent) in the female. Inheritance in the crossbred animals was different to that in the pure bred.  相似文献   

Evaluation of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in dairy calves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barnett SC  Sischo WM  Moore DA  Reynolds JP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(9):1329-1333

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in calves. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 115 calves with diarrhea that were 1 to 21 days old at enrollment. PROCEDURE: Calves that developed diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive no flunixin meglumine (controls), a single dose of flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb]), or 2 doses of flunixin meglumine administered 24 hours apart. Serum IgG concentration and PCV were measured prior to enrollment in the trial. Calves were evaluated daily to determine rectal temperature, fecal consistency, demeanor, and skin elasticity score. The primary analytic outcome was days of sickness (morbid-days). RESULTS: Calves with fecal blood and treated with a single dose of flunixin meglumine had fewer morbid-days and antimicrobial treatments, compared with controls. Although not significant, calves given 2 doses of flunixin meglumine in 24 hours had fewer morbid-days than untreated control calves. Regardless of severity of diarrhea, calves without fecal blood did not benefit from the use of flunixin. For calves with fecal blood, failure of passive transfer (low serum IgG concentration) was an independent risk factor for increased morbid-days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with a single dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in fewer antimicrobial treatments and morbid-days in calves with fecal blood. As observed in other studies, calves with failure of passive transfer were at high risk for poor outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of developing and implementing effective colostrum delivery programs on dairy farms.  相似文献