排序方式： 共有30条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
RN Zadoks E Scholz SM Rowe JM Norris HB Pooley J House 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):142-152
Numerous culture-based diagnostics are available on the Australian and international markets for on-farm detection of bacterial pathogens in milk. Use of such diagnostics may provide an opportunity to improve the prudent use of antimicrobials in udder health management. Farms are low-resource settings in terms of diagnostic microbiology capacity. The World Health Organisation has identified criteria for the evaluation of diagnostic tests in low resource settings based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, User-friendliness, being Rapid or Robust, Equipment-free and being Deliverable (ASSURED). Here, we review how those criteria can be interpreted in the context of microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, and how on-farm diagnostics that are currently available in Australia perform relative to ASSURED criteria. This evaluation identifies multiple trade-offs, both with regard to scientific criteria and with regards to convenience criteria. More importantly, the purpose of testing may differ between farms, and test performance should be evaluated relative to its intended use. The ability of on-farm mastitis diagnostics to inform mastitis treatment decision-making in a timely and cost-effective manner depends not just on test characteristics but also on farm-specific pathogen prevalence, and on the farm enterprise's priorities and the farm manager's potential courses of action. With most assay evaluations to date conducted in professional laboratories, there is a surprising dearth of information on how well any of the diagnostic tests perform on-farm and, indeed, of the on-farm decision-making processes that they aim to inform. 相似文献
2.
3.
S Schäfer-Somi HB Beceriklisoy I Walter S Sabitzer D Klein H Kanca D Kaya AR Agaoglu H &#;zgür S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):103-108
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and -II in uterine tissues from pregnant and non-pregnant bitches, taken at different time periods after mating. The pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized during the pre-implantation (group 1, n = 4), implantation (group 2, n = 7) and placentation stage (group 3, n = 7). Non-pregnant animals in diestrus served as controls (group 4, n = 7). The expression of MHC- I and -II in salpinx, apex, middle horn, corpus uteri and at implantation sites was investigated by immunohistochemistry as well as qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR; MHC-I mRNA was detected in all tissues and with quantitative RT-PCR, and no significant changes were detected until placentation. Immunohistologically, at the apex and corpus site, the average number of MHC-II positive cells increased from the pre-implantation to the post-implantation stage (apex: 1.54 ± 1.21 to 3.82 ± 2.93; corpus: 1.62 ± 1.9 to 5.04 ± 4.95; p < 0.05). The greatest numbers of MHC-II positive cells were observed at placentation sites (6.64 ± 5.9). In parallel, a marked increase in the relative mRNA expression of MHC-II in uterine tissues was assessed from the pre-implantation to the placentation stage (relative to Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphate-Dehydrogenase (GAPDH): 6.9 ± 9.5, 8.4 ± 5.8, p > 0.05). Immunohistologically, in the salpinx, significantly greater numbers of MHC-II positive cells were found in the tissues of pregnant animals than in the control group (p < 0.05). It is proposed that the increase in MHC-II is pregnancy-related, even though the impact on maintenance of canine pregnancy is still unclear. 相似文献
4.
5.
Marcelo HAF Mendes Maria HB Pinto Eduardo J Gimeno Claudio G Barbeito Fabiano JF de Sant'Ana 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(10):1366-1374
The lectin histochemical pattern (LHP) was characterized and compared in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. Six biotinylated lectins (PNA, SBA, WGA, RCA‐1, DBA and UEA‐1) were used on tissue sections. In the normal ovaries, the reaction to UEA‐1 and SBA was mild to moderate in mesothelial and endothelial cells. RCA‐1 staining was mild to moderate in theca interna of growing follicles, corpora luteum and mesothelium. In addition, this lectin presented strong reaction in endothelial cells, granulosa cells of atretic follicles, zona pellucida of growing follicles and plasma. DBA showed strong intensity in mesothelial and endothelial cells. There was mild to moderate reactivity to WGA in granulosa cells, corpus luteum and theca interna of follicles in development, and moderate in zona pellucida, in granulosa cells of atretic follicles and mesothelium. PNA staining was mild to moderate in oocytes and in the adventitia and media of medullary arteries. Changes in the LHP of the cystic ovaries were noted; however, there were no differences in these findings between the follicular and luteinized cysts. UEA‐1 reactivity in the cystic ovaries was moderately reduced in the mesothelial and endothelial cells, whereas there was mild reduction in the DBA staining in the granulosa cells. Reaction to RCA‐1 and WGA in the cysts also was decreased in theca interna, zona pellucida and granulosa cells of atretic follicles. Furthermore, endothelium and theca interna in the cystic ovaries presented mild reduction of marcation to SBA, whereas there was decreased reactivity to PNA in the oocytes and adventitia and media layers of the medullary arteries. The results of the current study show that cysts modify the LHP in swine ovaries. These changes of glycoconjugates in many ovarian structures could modify diverse process and may be one of the reasons for decreased fertility in sows. 相似文献
6.
The internal fine structure of crustacean compound eyes has been reexamined with scanning electron microscopy. Several different preparative techniques were used in a comparative study of crab, crayfish, shrimp, and stomatopod eyes. The three-dimensional pattern of photoreceptive, dioptric, and screening components of these eyes has been directly demonstrated, and new insight has been gained into their functional organization. Particularly interesting in apposition eyes is the elaborate array of boundary membranes and protoplasmic strands linking the photoreceptive microvilli to their parent cell cytoplasm across the large intracellular vacuoles surrounding the axial rhabdom. Quantitative application of scanning electron microscopy to this system promises to advance our understanding of its proven high rate of receptor membrane turnover. 相似文献
7.
S Schäfer‐Somi S Sabitzer D Klein E Reinbacher H Kanca HB Beceriklisoy OA Aksoy I Kucukaslan HC Macun S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):20-26
The aim of this study was to investigate the course of expression of platelet‐activating factor (PAF), PAF‐receptor (PAF‐R), epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF‐R, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF‐R1 and VEGF‐R2 in uterine tissue during canine pregnancy. For this purpose, 20 bitches were ovariohysterectomized at days 10–12 (n = 10), 18–25 (n = 5) and 28–45 (n = 5) days after mating, respectively. The pre‐implantation group was proven pregnant by embryo flushing of the uterus after the operation, the others by sonography. Five embryo negative, that is, non‐pregnant, bitches in diestrus (day 10–12) served as controls. Tissue samples from the uterus (placentation sites and horn width, respectively) were excised and snap‐frozen in liquid nitrogen after embedding in Tissue Tec®. Extraction of mRNA for RT‐PCR was performed with Tri‐Reagent. In the embryos, mRNA from all factors except VEGF was detected. In the course of pregnancy, significantly higher expression of PAF and PAFR as well as VEGF and VEGFR2 during the pre‐implantation stage than in all other stages and a strong upregulation of EGF during implantation were characteristic. The course of EGF was in diametrical opposition to the course of the receptor. These results point towards an increased demand for VEGF, EGF and PAF during the earliest stages of canine pregnancy. 相似文献
8.
HB Carslake 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):229-234
CASE HISTORY Three horses were presented with facial swelling and epiphora. CLINICAL FINDINGS: All horses had facial swellings and radiographic findings consistent with exostosis at the lacrimomaxillary suture, and ipsilateral epiphora. Positive contrast dacryocystorhinography demonstrated that the site of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct was located where the duct traverses the lacrimomaxillary suture. DIAGNOSIS: Lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of epiphora in horses. Dacryocystorhinography, preferably retrograde and normograde, may be used as an aid to diagnosis. 相似文献
9.
McCarron P Rourke WA Hardstaff W Pooley B Quilliam MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(6):1437-1446
Pinnatoxins are a group of fast-acting cyclic imine toxins previously identified in shellfish from Asia, the southern Pacific, and northern Europe. In this work pinnatoxins were detected in mussels from locations across the eastern coast of Canada. Pinnatoxin G (6) was the major structural variant present, sometimes at levels >80 μg/kg, whereas much lower levels of pinnatoxin A (1) were detected in some samples. Increased concentrations were observed following base hydrolysis of extracts, leading to the discovery by LC-MS of a range of fatty acid esters of 6. Information on the structures of these acylated derivatives was provided through a series of mass spectrometric experiments, supported by partial synthesis, and it is proposed that the compounds are 28-O-acyl esters of 6. Although acyl esters of a range of other phycotoxins are known to form as metabolites in shellfish, this is the first report of their existence for this particular toxin class. The occurrence of pinnatoxins in North American shellfish further highlights the international distribution of these toxins. 相似文献
10.
DA Fisher RM Koerner JC Bourgeois G Zielinski C Wake CU Hammer HB Clausen N Gundestrup S Johnsen K Goto-Azuma T Hondoh E Blake M Gerasimoff 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5351):692-695
Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (delta18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in delta18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM delta18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay. 相似文献