Acute oxalate toxicity of sheep associated with slender iceplant (Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum)     

RH JACOB  RL PEET 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(3):91-92

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Whole-genome sequencing identifies missense mutation in GRM6 as the likely cause of congenital stationary night blindness in a Tennessee Walking Horse     

Yael L. Hack  Elizabeth E. Crabtree  Felipe Avila  Roger B. Sutton  Robert Grahn  Annie Oh  Brian Gilger  Rebecca R. Bellone 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(2):316-323

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Cuticular penetration of 2,4-D as affected by interaction between a diethylene glycol monooleate surfactant and apple leaf cuticles     

Siyuan Tan  Garvin D. Crabtree 《Pest management science》1994,41(1):35-39

Impacts of pH and sorption-desorption of ‘Pegosperse’ 100-O (PEG. 100-O; diethylene glycol monooleate, containing 15% diester) surfactant by apple (Malus pumila M.) leaf cuticles on surfactant-enhanced cuticular penetration of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were studied. Glass cylinders were affixed to enzymatically isolated adaxial apple leaf cuticles after the cuticle segments had been soaked in 10 ml liter^?1 PEG 100-O solution and washed for 20 and 120 min, respectively. Quantities of [¹⁴C]2,4-D in the glass-cuticle chambers passing through the cuticles at pH values from 1 to 6 5 were determined. PEG 100-O significantly increased cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4-D at pH 4–5; the surfactant had no effect on penetration of undissociated 2,4-D at pH 10. Surfactant-enhanced penetration of 2,4-D occurred only when the surfactant was in the cuticles, while the process of surfactant sorption-desorption alone had no effect on penetration. These results support a ‘hydrophilic channel’ hypothesis, i.e. that surfactants may create hydrophilic channels or increase the area of the channels in the cuticle and, consequently, enhance the passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4-D through the cuticle.  相似文献   

Binding of ciprofloxacin labelled with technetium Tc 99m versus 99mTc-pertechnetate to a live and killed equine isolate of Escherichia coli          下载免费PDF全文

Kate Alexander  Wm. Tod Drost  John S. Mattoon  Joseph J. Kowalski  Julie A. Funk    Amanda C. Crabtree 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(4):272-277

This paper describes a simple methodology for evaluating the bacterial binding of ciprofloxacin labelled with technetium Tc 99m. Using this methodology, the binding of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin by live Escherichia coli was compared with the binding of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin by killed E. coli and the binding of 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) by live E. coli. The antimicrobial effect of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin on E. coli was evaluated. Four groups were defined: live E. coli with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, live E. coli with 99mTcO4 , killed E. coli with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, and killed E. coli with 99mTcO4-. After 0, 2, and 4 h of incubation of 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units of E. coli suspended in 5 mL of sterile distilled water with 1.85 MBq of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin or 99mTcO4, 1 mL from each sample was centrifuged. The radioactivity of the bacterial pellet and that of the supernatant were measured separately, and the percentage of sample radioactivity attributable to bacterial binding was calculated. Of the 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, 3.6% to 5.9% was bound to live or killed E. coli; only 0.1% to 0.2% of the 99mTcO4- was bound to live E. coli (P < 0.0001). No significant difference in 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding was found between live and killed E. coli (P = 0.887). An antimicrobial effect on E. coli was seen with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin: colony counts were reduced after 4 h. The small amount of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding and the lack of difference in binding between live and killed E. coli may limit the utility of this methodology in evaluating the presence of E. coli infection.  相似文献   

Prevalence of virulent footrot in sheep flocks in southern New South Wales     

RH LOCKE  NE COOMBES 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):348-349

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Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

AW SHEPPARD  RH SHAW†  & R SFORZA‡ 《Weed Research》2006,46(2):93-117

Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.  相似文献   

Unguided bronchoalveolar lavage techniques and residual effects in dogs     

M. McCAULEY  RB ATWELL  RH SUTTON  JS LUMSDEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(3):161-165

Objectives To investigate the use of unguided bronchoalveolar lavage techniques in dogs without fibreoptic bronchoscopy, using an adapted single vascular catheter and a double-lumen catheter made from two single vascular catheters.
Animals Sixty-nine dogs were examined with the single-catheter technique and 110 dogs with the double-catheter technique.
Design A prospective study.
Procedure Sixty-nine and 220 samples, collected with the single catheter and the double catheter respectively, were examined cytologically Lungs of 69 dogs were examined grossly and histologically. Radiographic examination was performed on 11 dogs.
Results The double-catheter technique produced samples with significantly higher cellularity (P < 0.01) and fewer red blood cells (P < 0.01) than the single-catheter technique. Repeat samples collected with a double catheter were not significantly different (P > 0.01) in any value. A reference range for nucleated cell counts of 62 to 1210 – 10⁶/L was calculated from 57 clinically and histologically normal dogs. The major residual effects of the technique were localised pulmonary oedema, and alveolar distension with collapse and congestion of distant parenchyma. Thoracic radiographs revealed increased lung opacity for at least up to 7 h after the procedure.
Conclusions The cellularity of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained was adequate and sufficient fluid was retrieved when the single catheter was located in a proper position. However, the double catheter obtained better samples more quickly and easily, with less damage to the respiratory tract.  相似文献   

Organochlorine residues in golden eagles, United States--March 1964-July 1971     

R F Reidinger  D G Crabtree 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1974,8(1):37-43

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A review of oestrus suppression techniques in mares     

J. R. Crabtree 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(3):141-151

Many fillies and mares are accused of behaving badly by their owners or trainers, and their reproductive hormones and ovaries are commonly blamed for this. Overt oestrus behaviour, however natural, is undesirable when a horse is being ridden, trained and competed. More subtle behaviours may be attributed to the reproductive cycle and presented as the cause of poor performance in the elite competition mare. Sometimes behaviours are complex, perhaps at odds with what one expects for normal reproductive behaviour and in many cases may not be associated with the reproductive cycle at all, rather associated with pain of musculoskeletal or soft tissue origin. The situation represents a diagnostic dilemma to positively associate undesirable behaviours with the ovarian hormones or ovarian pain, before an attempt can be made to modify the behaviour through the suppression of oestrus. This article will review the reasons for presentation, the behavioural patterns of the reproductive cycle and the diagnosis of reproductive behavioural problems. The range of techniques for oestrus suppression will be reviewed along with their clinical application and any known current regulatory issues associated with their use.  相似文献   

Effect of the route of administration on the mucosal and systemic immune responses to Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in pigs          下载免费PDF全文

MG Nogueira  AM Collins  RH Dunlop  D Emery 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(4):124-126

In an on‐farm study, 40 weaned piglets aged 3 weeks were vaccinated with Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine orally, IM or IP while a fourth group remained unvaccinated. All vaccinated animals showed increased serum levels of L. intracellularis‐specific IgG antibodies, but significantly elevated concentrations of specific IgG, IgA and cytokines were generated in ileal mucosal secretions from the orally and IP vaccinated pigs when examined at 17 days after vaccination.  相似文献