A framework for evaluation of on-farm mastitis diagnostics in Australia     

RN Zadoks  E Scholz  SM Rowe  JM Norris  HB Pooley  J House 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):142-152

Numerous culture-based diagnostics are available on the Australian and international markets for on-farm detection of bacterial pathogens in milk. Use of such diagnostics may provide an opportunity to improve the prudent use of antimicrobials in udder health management. Farms are low-resource settings in terms of diagnostic microbiology capacity. The World Health Organisation has identified criteria for the evaluation of diagnostic tests in low resource settings based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, User-friendliness, being Rapid or Robust, Equipment-free and being Deliverable (ASSURED). Here, we review how those criteria can be interpreted in the context of microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, and how on-farm diagnostics that are currently available in Australia perform relative to ASSURED criteria. This evaluation identifies multiple trade-offs, both with regard to scientific criteria and with regards to convenience criteria. More importantly, the purpose of testing may differ between farms, and test performance should be evaluated relative to its intended use. The ability of on-farm mastitis diagnostics to inform mastitis treatment decision-making in a timely and cost-effective manner depends not just on test characteristics but also on farm-specific pathogen prevalence, and on the farm enterprise's priorities and the farm manager's potential courses of action. With most assay evaluations to date conducted in professional laboratories, there is a surprising dearth of information on how well any of the diagnostic tests perform on-farm and, indeed, of the on-farm decision-making processes that they aim to inform.  相似文献   

Reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions by ionizing radiation     

GARRISON WM  MORRISON DC  HAMILTON JG  BENSON AA  CALVIN M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1951,114(2964):416-418

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A comparison of methods of recovering oesophageal extrusa from grazing sheep     

B. A. HAMILTON  G. D. DENNEY 《Grass and Forage Science》1978,33(4):307-311

Extrusa samples were collected from two groups of oesophageally fistulated sheep grazing together. One group had foam plastic oesophageal plugs fitted below the fistula to assist in the complete collection of extrusa; the second group grazed without plugs. The extrusa were collected in four periods chosen to cover as wide a range of herbage conditions as possible varying from herbage with a high proportion of green leaves to predominantly dry material with a high proportion of dead leaves and stems. The plant components of the extrusa were determined and there was no evidence that stems or any other plant component preferentially by-pass the fistula in grazing sheep. It was concluded that it is not necessary to insert foam plastic plugs in the oesophagus of grazing sheep to obtain representative samples of ingested herbage.  相似文献   

Carrier state in human acatalasemia     

NISHIMURA ET  HAMILTON HB  KOBARA TY  TAKAHARA S  OGURA Y  DOI K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1959,130(3371):333-334

The heterozygous carrier state of a rare hereditary disease, acatalasemia, has been defined biochemically. Affected homozygotes have no blood catalase activity, whereas heterozygotes show activities intermediate between this inactivity and the activity of normal controls, without overlap. Pedigrees show a high frequency of consanguineous marriages.  相似文献   

SOIL MINERALS OF THE GOLD COAST     

R. HAMILTON 《European Journal of Soil Science》1955,6(2):312-318

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ENLARGED THYROID GLANDS IN CALVES BORN TO HEIFERS FED A SOLE DIET OF LEVCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA     

R. I. HAMILTON B.Sc.  M.S.A.  Ph.D.    L. E. DONALDSON M.V.Sc.  Ph.D.  L. J. LAMBOURNE M.Sc.  Ph.D. 《Australian veterinary journal》1968,44(10):484-484

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Nephritis in the Cat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. M. HAMILTON 《The Journal of small animal practice》1966,7(6):445-450

Abstract— Examination of 333 cats of all ages showed that 19 (5.71 per cent) suffered from some form of nephritis. The disease was seen mainly in old animals and was absent in cats under 3 yr of age. There was no correlation with sex or with any particular disease. The main histopathological lesion was an interstitial infiltrate by mononuclear cells associated, in the more advanced cases, with glomerular changes. The possibility that Leptospirae may be involved in the aetiology of the nephritis was considered.
Résumé— L'examen de 333 chats de tout age, montra que 19, soit 5,7% souffraient d'une variété de néphrite. La maladie existait principalement chez les vieux animaux; ceux de moins de trois ans en étaient épargnés. Il n'y avait aucun rapport avec le sex ou toute autre maladie. La principale lésion histopathologique était un infiltrat interstitiel de mononucléaires, et dans les cas plus avancés, des altérations gloménulaires. L'auteur pense que le B. leptospriroe pourrait étre incriminé comme étiologie de la néphrite.
Zusammenfassung— Eine Nachforschung an 330 Katzen aller Altergruppen zeigte, dass 19 (5.71yo) an Nephritis unterschiedlicher Formen litten. Die Krankheit betraf im wesentlichen die älteren Tiere und wurde nicht unter drei Jahren angetroffen. Geschlecht oder andere Erkrankungen zeigten sich ohne Einfluss. Die Histologie zeigte hauptsächlich interstitielle Infiltrate von mono-nukleären Zellen, in den mehr fortgeschrittenen Stadien auch Veränderungen am Glomerulus. Die Möglichkeit einer Infektion mit Leptospiren als Krankheitsursache wurde in Erwägung gezogen.  相似文献   

Expression of MHC-I and -II in Uterine Tissue from Early Pregnant Bitches     

S Schäfer-Somi  HB Beceriklisoy  I Walter  S Sabitzer  D Klein  H Kanca  D Kaya  AR Agaoglu  H &#;zgür  S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):103-108

The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and -II in uterine tissues from pregnant and non-pregnant bitches, taken at different time periods after mating. The pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized during the pre-implantation (group 1, n = 4), implantation (group 2, n = 7) and placentation stage (group 3, n = 7). Non-pregnant animals in diestrus served as controls (group 4, n = 7). The expression of MHC- I and -II in salpinx, apex, middle horn, corpus uteri and at implantation sites was investigated by immunohistochemistry as well as qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR; MHC-I mRNA was detected in all tissues and with quantitative RT-PCR, and no significant changes were detected until placentation. Immunohistologically, at the apex and corpus site, the average number of MHC-II positive cells increased from the pre-implantation to the post-implantation stage (apex: 1.54 ± 1.21 to 3.82 ± 2.93; corpus: 1.62 ± 1.9 to 5.04 ± 4.95; p < 0.05). The greatest numbers of MHC-II positive cells were observed at placentation sites (6.64 ± 5.9). In parallel, a marked increase in the relative mRNA expression of MHC-II in uterine tissues was assessed from the pre-implantation to the placentation stage (relative to Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphate-Dehydrogenase (GAPDH): 6.9 ± 9.5, 8.4 ± 5.8, p > 0.05). Immunohistologically, in the salpinx, significantly greater numbers of MHC-II positive cells were found in the tissues of pregnant animals than in the control group (p < 0.05). It is proposed that the increase in MHC-II is pregnancy-related, even though the impact on maintenance of canine pregnancy is still unclear.  相似文献   

Uterine Progesterone Receptor and Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor mRNA Expression in Canine Pregnancy     

S Schäfer-Somi  D Klein  HB Beceriklisoy  S Sabitzer  SS Ay  AR Agaoglu  I Kücükaslan  D Kaya  OA Aksoy  S Aslan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):109-114

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Feline Ilial Fractures: A Prospective Study of Dorsal Plating and Comparison with Lateral Plating     

SORREL J. LANGLEY-HOBBS  MA  BVetMed  DSAS  Diplomate ECVS    RICHARD L. MEESON  BA  VetMB    MICHAEL H. HAMILTON  BVM&S  CertSAS  Diplomate ECVS    HEIDI RADKE  DrMedVet  Diplomate ECVS    KARLA LEE  MA  VetMB  PhD  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):334-342

Objective— To (1) report a technique for repair of feline ilial fractures using a dorsally applied bone plate and (2) compare outcome with cats treated by a lateral plate.
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Cats (n=10) with iliac fractures.
Methods— Cats with ilial fractures (January 2005–December 2006) were treated by application of a dorsally applied bone plate. Immediate postoperative radiographs were compared with those taken 4–6 weeks later to assess screw loosening, screw purchase, and pelvic canal narrowing. Owners were contacted for medium-term (>3 month) follow-up. Data were compared with a report of outcome after lateral plating (LP) in 21 cats.
Results— Mean (± SD) screw purchase (89 ± 11 mm) was significantly greater ( P <.01) with a dorsal plate compared with a lateral plate (33 ± 8 mm). Significantly more screws ( P <.01) were used with a dorsal plate (median, 7) compared with a lateral plate (median, 6). Significantly less postoperative pelvic canal narrowing developed in the dorsal plating group between postoperative and 4–6-week follow-up radiography compared with the LP group (2% versus 15%, P <.01).
Conclusion— Dorsal plating of feline ilial fractures results in significantly less screw loosening and pelvic canal narrowing at 4–6 weeks after surgery compared with LP.
Clinical Relevance— Dorsal plating of feline iliac fractures may reduce complications associated with pelvic canal narrowing such as constipation and megacolon.  相似文献