Neutrophil myeloperoxidase measurements in plasma, laminar tissue, and skin of horses given black walnut extract     

Riggs LM  Franck T  Moore JN  Krunkosky TM  Hurley DJ  Peroni JF  de la Rebière G  Serteyn DA 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(1):81-86

OBJECTIVE: To compare measurements of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma, laminar tissues, and skin obtained from control horses and horses given black walnut heartwood extract (BWHE). ANIMALS: 22 healthy 5- to 15-year-old horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups as follows: a control group given water (n = 5) and 3 experimental groups given BWHE (17) via nasogastric intubation. Experimental groups consisted of 5, 6, and 6 horses that received BWHE and were euthanatized at 1.5, 3, and 12 hours after intubation, respectively. Control horses were euthanatized at 12 hours after intubation. Plasma samples were obtained hourly for all horses. Laminar tissue and skin from the middle region of the neck were harvested at the time of euthanasia. Plasma and tissue MPO concentrations were determined via an ELISA; tissue MPO activity was measured by use of specific immunologic extraction followed by enzymatic detection. RESULTS: Tissues and plasma of horses receiving BWHE contained significantly higher concentrations of MPO beginning at hour 3. Laminar tissue and skin from horses in experimental groups contained significantly higher MPO activity than tissues from control horses. Concentrations and activities of MPO in skin and laminar tissues were similar over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, BWHE administration causes increases in MPO concentration and activity in laminar tissue and skin and the time of increased MPO concentration correlates with emigration of WBCs from the vasculature. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of peripheral WBCs is an early step in the pathogenesis of acute laminitis.  相似文献   

Effect of maternal cells transferred with colostrum on cellular responses to pathogen antigens in neonatal calves     

Donovan DC  Reber AJ  Gabbard JD  Aceves-Avila M  Galland KL  Holbert KA  Ely LO  Hurley DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(7):778-782

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of maternal cells or cellular components on neonatal immune responses to intracellular pathogens in calves. ANIMALS: 15 Holstein calves. PROCEDURES: Calves were fed whole colostrum, frozen colostrum, or cell-free colostrum within 4 hours after birth. Leukocytes were obtained from calves before feeding colostrum and 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after ingestion. Proliferative responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and mycobacterial purified protein derivatives were evaluated. Dams received a vaccine containing inactivated BVDV, but were not vaccinated against mycobacterial antigens. RESULTS: All calves had essentially no IgG in circulation at birth, but comparable and substantial concentrations by day 1. Calves that received whole colostrum had enhanced responses to BVDV antigen 1 and 2 days after ingestion of colostrum. In contrast, calves that received frozen colostrum or cell-free colostrum did not respond to BVDV. No differences were identified among the 3 groups in response to mycobacterial antigens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that transfer of live maternal cells from colostrum to neonatal calves enhanced responses to antigens against which the dams had previously responded (BVDV), but not to antigens to which the dams were na?ve (mycobacterial purified protein derivatives). Results suggested that cell-mediated immune transfer to neonates can be enhanced by maternal vaccination.  相似文献   

Movement patterns of Brook Trout in a restored coastal stream system in southern Massachusetts          下载免费PDF全文

Erin L. Snook  Benjamin H. Letcher  Todd L. Dubreuil  Joseph Zydlewski  Matthew J. O'Donnell  Andrew R. Whiteley  Stephen T. Hurley  Andy J. Danylchuk 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(3):360-375

Coastal Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are found from northern Canada to New England. The extent of anadromy generally decreases with latitude, but the ecology and movements of more southern populations are poorly understood. We conducted a 33‐month acoustic telemetry study of Brook Trout in Red Brook, MA, and adjacent Buttermilk Bay (marine system) using 16 fixed acoustic receivers and surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in 84 individuals. Tagged Brook Trout used the stream, estuary (50% of individuals) and bay (10% of individuals). Movements into full sea water were brief when occurring. GAMM models revealed that transitions between habitat areas occurred most often in spring and fall. Environmental data suggest that use of the saline environment is limited by summer temperatures in the bay. Movements may also be related to moon phase. Compared to more northern coastal populations of Brook Trout, the Red Brook population appears to be less anadromous overall, yet the estuarine segment of the system may have considerable ecological importance as a food resource.  相似文献   

Trilostane treatment of 78 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism     

Neiger R  Ramsey I  O'Connor J  Hurley KJ  Mooney CT 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(26):799-804

The efficacy of trilostane in the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was evaluated in 78 dogs with the condition which were treated for up to three years. The drug appeared to be well tolerated by almost all the dogs, and only two developed clinical signs and biochemical evidence of hypoadrenocorticism. Polyuria and polydipsia completely resolved in 70 per cent of the dogs that had these problems, and skin changes resolved in 62 per cent of the dogs that had skin abnormalities. There was a significant reduction (P<0.001 in each case) in both the mean basal and post-adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cortisol concentrations after a mean of 12.3 days of treatment. The post-ACTH cortisol concentration decreased to less than 250 nmol/litre in 81 per cent of the dogs within one month of the start of treatment and in another 15 per cent at some later time. The median survival time of the 26 dogs which died was 549 days, and 51 of the dogs were alive at the completion of the study. One was lost to follow up after 241 days treatment.  相似文献   

Lysine uptake by mammary gland tissue from lactating sows     

Hurley WL  Wang H  Bryson JM  Shennan DB 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(2):391-395

Kinetic properties and substrate specificity of the lysine transport system in porcine mammary gland were studied using mammary tissue explants from nine lactating sows. Sodium dependence of lysine uptake was determined by replacing sodium in the medium with choline. Kinetic parameters of lysine uptake were determined using lysine concentrations from 5 microM to 5.12 mM. Competition of lysine uptake by other amino acids was determined using the cationic amino acids, arginine and ornithine, and using other essential amino acids. Transport of lysine was time-dependent and was unaffected by replacing sodium with choline. Lysine uptake occurred by a transport mechanism with a Km of approximately 1.4 mM and a Vmax of 7.9 mmol x kg cell water(-1) x 30 min(-1). Lysine uptake was inhibited by arginine and ornithine and by high concentrations of L-alanine, L-methionine, L-leucine, cycloleucine, and D-lysine, but not by 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid. This transport mechanism is the primary system responsible for uptake of cationic amino acids in lactating sow mammary tissue. The relatively high Km, compared with physiological blood concentrations of lysine, indicates that the kinetic properties of the lysine transport system should not be limiting to milk protein synthesis. Transmembrane transport of lysine by lactating sow mammary tissue should be a direct function of plasma concentrations. However, interactions of other amino acids with the uptake system may affect lysine uptake.  相似文献   

Reduced serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations in two deerhounds with congenital portosystemic shunts     

Maxwell A  Hurley K  Burton C  Batt R  Camacho-Hübner C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(5):542-545

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Frequency of pulmonary mineralization and hypoxemia in 21 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Berry CR  Hawkins EC  Hurley KJ  Monce K 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(2):151-156

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hypoxemia and pulmonary mineralization using ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (^99mTc-MDP) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Twenty-one dogs with PDH were pro-spectively evaluated using thoracic radiography, arterial blood gas analysis, and bone phase and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (using ^99mTc-macro-aggregated albumin [^99mTc-MAA]). The radiographs and bone and perfusion studies were evaluated subjectively. An averaged quantitative count density ratio was calculated between the thorax and cranial thoraco-lumbar vertebrae from lateral thoracic ^99mTc-MDP images. Thoracic: vertebral ratios were calculated using ^99mTc-MDP studies from 21 control dogs. The thoracic: vertebral ratios were compared between the 2 groups (PDH and control). The mean age (±SD) of the 21 PDH dogs was 10.2 (±3) years, whereas the mean age of the control group was 9.8 (±3) years. Seven of the 21 dogs with PDH were hypoxemic (denned as an arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO₂] <80 mm Hg) with an average PaO₂ (±SD) of 62 (±15) mm Hg. Of the 7 hypoxemic dogs, 2 were found to have pulmonary mineralization based on bone scintigraphic images. Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities were not identified using ^99mTc-MAA in any of the 21 PDH dogs. Six PDH dogs had an abnormal interstitial pulmonary pattern and 5 of these dogs were hypoxemic. The average quantitative thoracic: vertebral ratio was not significantly different between the PDH and control dogs (0.5 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.1, P = .16). Causes of hypoxemia other than pulmonary thromboembolism should be considered in dogs with PDH. Pulmonary mineralization may contribute to hypoxemia in dogs with PDH.  相似文献   

Culture conditions for blastogenic responses of bovine mammary mononuclear cells     

M H Kensinger  D J Hurley  R A Wilson 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1990,24(4):323-330

Several experimental parameters were examined to determine optimal conditions for proliferative responses of mammary mononuclear cells (MMC) obtained from six nonlactating dairy cows. These parameters were: pre-incubation of cells in medium prior to assay, mitogen concentration, assay incubation time, and type of culture medium. Response variables included viability of cells and the rate of proliferation as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. Pre-incubation of cells in medium had no effect on the proliferative response of MMC. Whereas Concanavalin A (ConA; 3.3 or 6.6 micrograms/ml) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 1, 5, 10 micrograms/ml) did stimulate proliferation of MMC, the higher doses did not stimulate greater proliferation than the lower doses of mitogens. The greatest mitogenic response was obtained on days 2 and 3 of incubation. Proliferative responses were significantly higher at all mitogen levels tested in a 50-50 mixture of Rosewell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640 and Liebovitz-15 medium (RPMI/L-15) than in RPMI alone. Viability of MMC was also significantly higher in the RPMI/L-15 medium. To test whether the significant effect of media on blastogenesis was specific for mononuclear cells from the bovine mammary gland, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from four dairy cows were cultured with ConA and PHA in a mitogen assay in both RPMI and RPMI/L-15. Viability was measured on day of collection and on all culture days. PBL were stimulated equally in both media. PBL viability decreased significantly on day 1 in both RPMI and RPMI/L-15. These results suggest that the optimal culture conditions for blastogenic responses of mammary mononuclear cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes may differ.  相似文献   

Refugee impact on collective management of forest resources: a case study of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal's Eastern Terai region     

Birendra KC  Shin Nagata 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):305-311

This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber, grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems, erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources. Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community Forest.  相似文献   

Continuum contraction of tension wood fiber induced by repetitive hygrothermal treatment     

Sujan  KC  Yamamoto  Hiroyuki  Matsuo  Miyuki  Yoshida  Masato  Naito  Kazuhiro  Shirai  Tatsuya 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(6):1157-1169

Wood Science and Technology - Tension wood, when kiln-dried, is likely to deform hugely, which is probably caused by a gelatinous layer of the gelatinous fiber. To elucidate the mechanism behind...  相似文献