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Riggs LM Franck T Moore JN Krunkosky TM Hurley DJ Peroni JF de la Rebière G Serteyn DA 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(1):81-86
OBJECTIVE: To compare measurements of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma, laminar tissues, and skin obtained from control horses and horses given black walnut heartwood extract (BWHE). ANIMALS: 22 healthy 5- to 15-year-old horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups as follows: a control group given water (n = 5) and 3 experimental groups given BWHE (17) via nasogastric intubation. Experimental groups consisted of 5, 6, and 6 horses that received BWHE and were euthanatized at 1.5, 3, and 12 hours after intubation, respectively. Control horses were euthanatized at 12 hours after intubation. Plasma samples were obtained hourly for all horses. Laminar tissue and skin from the middle region of the neck were harvested at the time of euthanasia. Plasma and tissue MPO concentrations were determined via an ELISA; tissue MPO activity was measured by use of specific immunologic extraction followed by enzymatic detection. RESULTS: Tissues and plasma of horses receiving BWHE contained significantly higher concentrations of MPO beginning at hour 3. Laminar tissue and skin from horses in experimental groups contained significantly higher MPO activity than tissues from control horses. Concentrations and activities of MPO in skin and laminar tissues were similar over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, BWHE administration causes increases in MPO concentration and activity in laminar tissue and skin and the time of increased MPO concentration correlates with emigration of WBCs from the vasculature. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of peripheral WBCs is an early step in the pathogenesis of acute laminitis. 相似文献
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Goodman LA Jarrett CL Krunkosky TM Budsberg SC Northrup NC Saba CF LeRoy BE 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2011,9(2):149-157
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is overexpressed in human prostate carcinomas (PCs), and its inhibition decreases proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that 5-LO would be overexpressed in canine PC compared with benign prostate tissue and may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. Immunoblot analysis of canine PC and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues demonstrated 5-LO expression in both. 5-LO immunohistochemical staining was not significantly different within the stromal or epithelial components of canine primary PC, BPH or suppurative prostatitis, suggesting that differential expression of this enzyme does not occur in these conditions. The percentage of tumour cells expressing 5-LO was significantly lower in metastatic PC lesions compared with primary PC (P < 0.0001). This decreased expression may indicate down-regulation or altered expression of the enzyme with progression of canine PC to a metastatic phenotype. 相似文献
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TM Sipriani F Grandi LCG da Silva PC Maiorka CI Vannucchi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):137-140
Development of the foetal respiratory system includes both pulmonary growth and maturation. In human medicine, a higher incidence of respiratory distress is reported in newborn males. This study aimed to identify different phases of canine foetal lung maturation throughout pregnancy, to determine the stage of pregnancy in which surfactant production begins and to compare pulmonary development of male and female foetuses. Pregnant bitches (34) were subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy and allocated into four groups, according to the stage of pregnancy: 30–40 days of pregnancy (n = 10), 41–50 days (n = 10), 51–60 days (n = 10) and bitches in the first stage of parturition (n = 4). Foetal lungs were histologically processed and evaluated by optical microscopy. The pseudoglandular phase was identified between the 35th day and 46th day of gestation; the onset of canalicular and saccular periods was observed, respectively, from the 48th day and 60th day of pregnancy. Lungs from foetuses at term were in the saccular phase; thus, the development into the alveolar period occurs in the neonatal period. The histological analyses revealed that respiratory tract development is centrifugal, from upper to lower airways. Therefore, it is possible to identify distinct development periods in different portions of the same organ. In conclusion, the saccular phase of lung development begins around 57 and 60 days of pregnancy, the period in which surfactant production is believed to occur. Male and female foetuses present similar pulmonary development from early pregnancy until parturition. 相似文献
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RW Davis LA Fuiman TM Williams SO Collier WP Hagey SB Kanatous S Kohin M Horning 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5404):993-996
The hunting behavior of a marine mammal was studied beneath the Antarctic fast ice with an animal-borne video system and data recorder. Weddell seals stalked large Antarctic cod and the smaller subice fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki, often with the under-ice surface for backlighting, which implies that vision is important for hunting. They approached to within centimeters of cod without startling the fish. Seals flushed P. borchgrevinki by blowing air into subice crevices or pursued them into the platelet ice. These observations highlight the broad range of insights that are possible with simultaneous recordings of video, audio, three-dimensional dive paths, and locomotor effort. 相似文献
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Importance of Staphylococcus hyicus ssp hyicus as a cause of arthritis in pigs up to 12 weeks of age
Lame pigs, up to 12 weeks of age, were necropsied to establish a diagnosis. Of 175 pigs examined, 165 were confirmed to have arthritis by histopathological examination of joint tissues. Lesions were most common in the elbow and tarsal joints and least common in the joints of the feet. Typically, there was severe fibrinopurulent inflammation of synovial membranes regardless of the bacteria isolated. A bacterial aetiology was found in 114 (69%) of the 165 pigs. In arthritic pigs in which an aetiology was established the causative agents were Staphylococcus hyicus ssp hyicus (24.6%), Streptococcus equisimilis (26.3%), Actinomyces pyogenes (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.9%) and Haemophilus parasuis (7.9%). While gender did not affect the prevalence of arthritis, there was an age influence, most of the pigs culled for arthritis being under 6 weeks of age. 相似文献
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WR DuBois TM Prado JCH Ko RE Mandsager GL Morgan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):114-115
The anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a low dose (LD, 0.4 mg kg?1 xylazine and 4 mg kg?1 ketamine) and a high dose (HD, 0.8 mg kg?1 xylazine and 8 mg kg?1 ketamine) of IM xylazine–ketamine combination were compared in a randomized cross‐over study using six castrated male llamas. Three llamas in each dosage group (LDT, HDT) were assigned to receive IM tolazoline (2 mg kg?1) after 30 minutes of recumbency. All IM injections were given in the semitendinosus or semimembranosus muscles. Pulse, respiratory rate, and indirect arterial blood pressure were recorded every 10 minutes, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation was recorded every 5 minutes during lateral recumbency. Samples for arterial blood gas analysis were collected 5 minutes following recumbency and every 30 minutes thereafter. Base‐to‐apex ECG was monitored continuously. Analgesia was evaluated every 5 minutes by both a 30 minutes skin pinch and a needle prick of the toe. Most llamas breathed room air throughout anesthesia. Two llamas that developed severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 75%) received 5 minutes of nasal oxygen insufflation, but were maintained on room air for the rest of the anesthetic period. anova for repeated measures and Tukey's test were used to analyze cardiorespiratory data. Fischer's exact test was used to compare the ability of each to provide >30 minutes of lateral recumbency and analgesia. A p‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Both dosages provided reasonably rapid induction following injection (LD: 10.8 ± 6.3 minutes; HD: 5.0 ± 1.1 minutes; p = 0.07). Duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia were 34.7 ± 6.7 and 27.3 ± 4.6 minutes, respectively, in the LDT llamas. None of the three remaining LD llamas remained in lateral recumbency for longer than 12 minutes. Duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia were 87.3 ± 18.5 and 67.7 ± 16.0 minutes, respectively, for the HD llamas that did not receive tolazoline. The HDT llamas were recumbent for a significantly shorter time (43.3 ± 0.6 minutes; p = 0.05). The ability to provide >30 minutes of recumbency and analgesia was better in the HD group (6/6) than in the LD group (2/6) (p = 0.03). No differences between dosages were seen in pulse rate, respiratory rate, or arterial pressures. No ECG abnormalities were seen. Transient hypoxemia was seen in the first 10 minutes of lateral recumbency in the HD group by both hemoglobin oxygen saturation (84 ± 9.5%) and by blood gas PaO2 (44.5 ± 5.8 mm Hg). It was concluded that the HD provided more consistent results than the LD, but induced transient hypoxemia. Tolazoline shortened the recovery time in llamas receiving the HD. 相似文献
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