Ergovaline does not alter the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B     

SC Finch  JB Vlaming  BL Sutherland  C van Koten  WJ Mace  LR Fletcher 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(2):93-97

AIM: To investigate a possible interaction between lolitrem B and ergovaline by comparing the incidence and severity of ryegrass staggers in sheep grazing ryegrass (Lolium perenne) containing lolitrem B or ryegrass containing both lolitrem B and ergovaline.

METHODS: Ninety lambs, aged approximately 6 months, were grazed on plots of perennial ryegrass infected with either AR98 endophyte (containing lolitrem B), standard endophyte (containing lolitrem B and ergovaline) or no endophyte, for up to 42 days from 2 February 2010. Ten lambs were grazed on three replicate plots per cultivar. Herbage samples were collected for alkaloid analysis and lambs were scored for ryegrass staggers (scores from 0–5) weekly during the study. Any animal which was scored ≥4 was removed from the study.

RESULTS: Concentrations of lolitrem B did not differ between AR98 and standard endophyte-infected pastures during the study period (p=0.26), and ergovaline was present only in standard endophyte pastures. Ryegrass staggers was observed in sheep grazing both the AR98 and standard endophyte plots, with median scores increasing in the third week of the study. Prior to the end of the 42-day grazing period, 22 and 17 animals were removed from the standard endophyte and AR98 plots, respectively, because their staggers scores were ≥4. The cumulative probability of lambs having scores ≥4 did not differ between animals grazing the two pasture types (p=0.41).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There was no evidence for ergovaline increasing the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B. In situations where the severity of ryegrass staggers appears to be greater than that predicted on the basis of concentrations of lolitrem B, the presence of other tremorgenic alkaloids should be investigated.  相似文献   

Biological Degradation of Common Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Soils with High Water Content     

Deborah L. Carr  Audra N. Morse  John C. Zak  Todd A. Anderson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):127-134

Biological degradation rates of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products were examined in soil from a land application site and in adjacent soil with no prior history of effluent exposure. Microbial degradation rates were compared over 2 weeks under standing water or saturated conditions and draining conditions after having been saturated for 3 days. Biological degradation of 17??-estradiol exhibited rapid rates of biological degradation under both saturated and draining conditions. Half-lives for 17??-estradiol ranged from 1.5 to 4 days; 66?C97% was lost from the soils. Estriol showed a pattern of biological degradation in both saturated and draining conditions though the half-lives were longer (8.7?C25.9 days) than those observed for 17??-estradiol. Twenty-eight percent to 73% of estriol was lost over the 14 days treatment period. Estrone and 17??-ethinylestradiol exhibited slower rates of biological transformation under saturated and draining conditions. Half-lives for estrone ranged between 27.5 and 56.8 days with loss of at most 21%. 17??-ethinylestradiol exhibited half-lives of 22.6?C207 days. Half-life data for ibuprofen ranged from 30.4 to 1,706.4 days in this experiment. Losses of up to 17% were observed in draining soils. Triclosan loss was at most 10%, and half-lives were 70.9?C398.8 days. In all cases, soils that were draining from saturated conditions exhibited faster degradation rates than soils that remained saturated. Prior exposure of the soil to effluent did not always result in higher biological degradation rates.  相似文献   

Assisted Reproduction in Female Rhinoceros and Elephants – Current Status and Future Perspective     

R Hermes  F Göritz  WJ Streich  TB Hildebrandt 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(S2):33-44

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Factors affecting Alabama landowner interest in harvesting pine straw and willingness to accept prices     

Janice F. Dyer  Becky Barlow  John Kush  Wayde Morse  Larry Teeter  Gary Keever 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(5):829-839

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Machine learning highlights the importance of primary and secondary production in determining habitat for marine fish and macroinvertebrates     

Kevin D. Friedland  Michelle Bachman  Andrew Davies  Romain Frelat  M. Conor McManus  Ryan Morse  Bradley A. Pickens  Szymon Smoliński  Kisei Tanaka 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(6):1482-1498

1. Species distribution models for marine organisms are increasingly used for a range of applications, including spatial planning, conservation, and fisheries management. These models have been constructed using a variety of mathematical forms and drawing on both physical and biological independent variables; however, what might be called first-generation models have mainly followed the form of linear models, or smoothing splines, informed by data collected in the context of fish surveys.
2. The performance of different classes of variables were tested in a series of species occurrence models built with machine learning methods, specifically evaluating the potential contribution of lower trophic level data. Random forest models were fitted based on the classification of the absence/presence for fish and macroinvertebrates surveyed on the US Northeast Continental Shelf.
3. The potential variables included physical, primary production, secondary production, and terrain variables. For accepted model fits, six variable importance measures were computed, which collectively showed that physical and secondary production variables make the greatest contribution across all models. In contrast, terrain variables made the least contribution to these models.
4. Multivariable analyses that account for all performance measures reinforce the role of water depth and temperature in defining species presence and absence; however, chlorophyll concentration and some specific zooplankton taxa, such as Metridia lucens and Paracalanus parvus, also make important contributions with strong seasonal variations.
5. Our results suggest that lower trophic level variables, if available, are valuable in the creation of species distribution models for marine organisms.

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Antibiotic Resistance in two Water Reclamation Systems for Space Applications     

Morse  Audra  Jackson  W. Andrew 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,159(1):277-289

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance in two water reclamation systems developed from space missions. The first system is a small-scale water reclamation system operated at Johnson Space Center designed to reclaim wastewater during long-term space missions. The second system was a scaled-down version of the Johnson Space Center system operated at Texas Tech University. Antibiotic resistance patterns to 10 antibiotics were investigated before and after controlled doses of amoxicillin were added to the water reclamation systems. The results of this study indicate that bacteria in all systems were resistant to many antibiotics including beta-lactam antibiotics and a beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitor combination, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.  相似文献   

Magnesium interaction with the surface of calcite in seawater     

Morse JW  Mucci A  Walter LM  Kaminsky MS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,205(4409):904-905

Magnesian calcite overgrowth containing 4 (+/- 2) mole percent magnesium carbonate forms on calcite exposed to natural seawater near the ocean surface. This magnesian calcite is approximately 30 percent less soluble in seawater than pure calcite. The formation of the magnesian calcite of reduced solubility may have a major influence on calcite accumulation in deep sea sediments.  相似文献   

Resource partitioning in bumble bees: the role of behavioral factors     

Morse DH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,197(4304):678-680

Small Bombus ternarius workers for age most frequently on the distal parts of goldenrod flower clusters when large B. terricola workers are present. This shift results from B. ternarius avoiding B. terricola. In this way B. ternarius can exploit, without conflict, resources whose availability changes constantly because of fluctuating numbers of larger consumers.  相似文献   

BEHAVIOR OF SPERMATOZOA IN PLASMA     

Morse M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1912,35(906):754-755

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ANCIENT JAPANESE BRONZE BELLS     

Morse ES 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1881,2(65):444

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