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Shahriar Saleh Ahmed Nur-Shakirah Abdul Omar Mohd Masratul Hawa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(3):709-724
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular and extensively consumed beverage in Malaysia along with many other countries around the world. Grey blight is one of the... 相似文献
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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyzes the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (cresolase activity) and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones (catecholase activity), leading to browning in plants and produce. Further interest in the enzyme has been triggered by the active role that it plays in plant defense systems. PPO can be found in latent forms and is activated in vitro by various agents including urea, detergents, and proteases. The activation of PPO from several sources by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been extensively investigated, but reports on the effect of other detergents or on the differential effect of detergents on each of PPO's activities are scarce. In addition, investigations on the enzyme in other plant parts besides fruits and vegetables are also scarce. Here, the effect of various detergents and chaotropic agents on PPO from dormant saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm extract was investigated. SDS and sarkosyl activated the cresolase activity, while only SDS activated the catecholase activity. All other detergents tested, in milli- or micromolar concentrations, inhibited the cresolase activity but barely affected the catecholase activity. In contrast, urea and guanidine-HCl drastically inhibited the catecholase activity but moderately inhibited the cresolase activity. The same effects were obtained on the partially purified enzyme. Results identified a PPO, present in dormant corms, which was activated only by anionic detergents and was inhibited by other reputed activating agents such as urea. Results also emphasized the differences in structure and accessibility of the active sites for cresolase and catecholase activities. 相似文献
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St Paul M Mallick AI Haq K Orouji S Abdul-Careem MF Sharif S 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):228-237
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of conserved proteins that play an important role in pathogen recognition in addition to the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, several TLRs have been identified in chickens, each recognizing different ligands. TLR stimulation in chickens has been shown to play a role in host-responses to pathogens. However, the mechanisms through which TLRs modulate the chicken immune system have not been well examined. The present study was conducted to characterize the kinetics of responses to TLR4 and TLR21 stimulation in chickens following intramuscular injections of their corresponding ligands, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), respectively. To this end, relative expression of cytokine genes in the spleen was determined at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after injection of TLR ligands. The results indicated that LPS strongly induced the up-regulation of some immune system genes early on in the response to treatment, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-1β. Furthermore, treatment with CpG ODN promoted the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, IFN-γ and IL-10. The response to CpG ODN appeared to be somewhat delayed compared to the response to LPS. Moreover, we found a significant increase in IFN-α gene expression in response to LPS but not CpG ODNs. Future studies may be aimed to further characterize the molecular mechanisms of TLR activation in chickens or to exploit TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants. 相似文献
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Shahriar S. A. Nur-Shakirah A. O. Mohd M. H. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(3):757-757
European Journal of Plant Pathology - 相似文献
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Hormoz SOHRABI 《干旱区科学》2016,8(1):138-145
In arid and semi-arid lands using industrial wastewater for irrigating tree plantations offers a great opportunity to fulfill the purpose of Clean Development Mechanism by sequestering carbon in living tissues as well as in soil. Selection of tree for plantation has a great effect on the goal achievements, especially when the managers deal with afforestation projects rather than reforestation projects. The objective of this study was to quantify the above- and below-ground biomass accumulation and carbon storages of the 17-year-old monoculture plantations of mulberry(Morus alba L.), black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Eldar pine(Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Arizona cypress(Cupressus arizonica Greene) planted in central Iran. To assess the potential carbon storage, we destructively measured individual above- and below-ground tree biomass and developed and scaled models at stand level. Furthermore, carbon content at three soil depths(0–15, 15–30, 30–45 cm), the litter and the understory were assessed in sample plots. The results showed that the total amount of carbon stored by Eldar pine(36.8 Mg/hm2) was higher than those stored by the trees in the other three plantations, which were 23.7, 10.0, and 9.6 Mg/hm2 for Arizona cypress, mulberry and black locust plantations, respectively. For all the species, the above-ground biomass accumulations were higher than those of the below-ground. The root mass fractions of the deciduous were larger than those of the coniferous. Accordingly, the results indicate that the potential carbon storages of the coniferous were higher than those of the deciduous in arid regions. 相似文献
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Davoud Akhzari Shahriar Mahdavi Mohammad Pessarakli Mazaher Ebrahimi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(7):822-831
This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on the leaf relative water content (LRWC), survival capacity, mycorrhizal dependency (MD), essential oil content and total protein content of Melilotus officinalis grown in a greenhouse under salinity stress. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial arrangement design using five replications. Zero (0), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) and two AM fungal levels were applied. Control (without inoculation) and inoculated (with AM fungi) treatments were considered two mycorrhizal levels. LRWC and survival capacity values in AM Melilotus officinalis were significantly higher than that in the non-AM-inoculated plants. Generally, MD, essential oil content and total protein content values were significantly higher in the AM-inoculated Melilotus officinalis compared with the non-AM-inoculated plants in all treatments. Results suggest that Melilotus officinalis could be used for the economic usage of the saline lands. 相似文献
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Genotype×tillage interaction and the performance of winter bread wheat genotypes in temperate and cold dryland conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ebrahim ROOHI Reza MOHAMMADI Abdoul Aziz NIANE Javad VAFABAKHSH Mozaffar ROUSTAEE Mohammad Reza JALAL KAMALI Shahriar SOHRABI Shahriar FATEHI Hossain TARIMORADI 《农业科学学报》2022,21(11):3199-3215
Growing concerns for food security and the alleviation of hunger necessitate knowledge-based crop management technologies for sustainable crop production. In this study, 13 winter bread wheat genotypes (old, relatively old, modern, and breeding lines) were evaluated under three different tillage systems, i.e., conventional tillage (CT, full tillage with residue removed), reduced tillage (RT, chisel tillage with residue retained) and no-tillage (NT, no-tillage with residue retained on the soil surface) in farmer's fields under rainfed conditions using strip-plot arrangements in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the west of Iran (Kamyaran and Hosseinabad locations) over two cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The main objectives were to investigate the effects of tillage systems and growing conditions on the agronomic characteristics, grain yield and stability performance of rainfed winter bread wheat genotypes.Significant (P<0.01) genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and agronomic traits suggested that the genotypes responded differently to the different tillage systems. The number of grains per spike and plant height were positively (P<0.0) associated with grain yield under the NT system, so they may be considered as targeted traits for future wheat breeding. Using statistical models, the modern cultivars (“Sadra” and “Baran”) were identified as high yielding and showed yield stability across the different tillage systems. As per each tillage system, genotype “Sadra” followed by “Zargana-6//Dari 1-7 Sabalan” exhibited higher adaption to CT; while cultivars “Jam” and “Azar2” showed better performance under the RT system; and cultivars “Varan” and “Baran” tended to have better performance expression in the NT condition.The increased grain yields achieved in combination with lower costs and greater profits from conservation agriculture suggest that adapted cultivar and NT systems should be evaluated and promoted more widely to farmers in the west of Iran as an attractive package of crop management technologies.In conclusion, variations in the performance of genotypes and the significant genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and some agronomic traits assessed in this study suggest that the development and selection of cultivars adapted to the NT system should be considered and included in the strategies and objectives of winter wheat breeding programs for the temperate and cold dryland conditions of Iran. 相似文献
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Coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Shahriar FM Clark EG Janzen E West K Wobeser G 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(11):863-868
Chronic, antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, sometimes with concurrent polyarthritis, occurs in feedlot cattle in western Canada. The prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Haemophilus somnus was determined by using immunohistochemical staining of lung and heart tissue from 2 groups of animals with this history. Mycoplasma bovis antigen was present in 44/48 cases submitted between 1995 and 1998 (retrospective group) and 15/16 of cases from 1999 (prospective group), and was associated with pulmonary necrosis. Bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen was present in association with microscopic vascular lesions in 31/48 retrospective and 9/16 of prospective cases. Types Ib and II bovine viral diarrhea virus were isolated from 4/16 prospective cases. Haemophilus somnus antigen was present in heart, lung, or both of 15/48 retrospective and 8/16 prospective cases. The results suggest that there may be synergism between bovine viral diarrhea virus and M. bovis in this pneumonia with arthritis syndrome. 相似文献
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Farshid Shahriar John R. Gordon Elemir Simko 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2006,70(4):243-250
Septicemia and endotoxemia initiated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are relatively common in suckling and weaned piglets. Maternal milk is a source of both nutrition and immune protection for piglets. Passive transfer of colostral antibodies is necessary for protection of neonatal piglets against diseases, but the concentration of immunoglobulins in milk rapidly declines during the 1st wk of lactation in all mammals. We hypothesized, therefore, that nonimmunoglobulin substances in milk contribute to the innate protection of neonates against septicemia during the suckling period. Using LPS-affinity chromatography for isolation of LPS-binding proteins and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for their identification, we identified in porcine milk the following proteins with LPS-binding capacity: lactoferrin, soluble CD14, serum amyloid A, alpha-S1 casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein. For lactoferrin, alpha-S1 casein, and kappa-casein, in vitro pepsin digestion did not inhibit LPS-binding activity, whereas combined digestion with pepsin and pancreatin abolished it. The biologic functions of these LPS-binding proteins and peptides were not determined. 相似文献