Economic Assessment of Alternative Aquaculture Aeration Strategies     

Carole R. Engle  Upton Hatch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1988,19(2):85-96

Oxygen depletion is a serious problem for the catfish industry, especially as producers attempt to increase their production intensity. Aeration, either emergency or continuous, is the most common method used to address oxygen depletion.
A risk-programming model using Target MOTAD methodology was developed to study the aquacultural producer's aeration decision-making process. Effects of stocking rate, aeration yield response and availability of labor, capital and electricity on the selection of aeration strategy were analyzed.
Continuous aeration with electric paddlewheels was most often selected as the best aeration strategy. However, as farmers become increasingly concerned with financial risk, they apply continuous aeration with pump sprayers first, then no aeration and lastly emergency aeration with tractor-powered paddlewheels. Emergency aeration was only used when: 1) electricity was not available and the producer desired a highly conservative financial strategy, and 2) the relative efficiency of continuous aeration in the field was dramatically reduced from experimental results.  相似文献   

利用PCR技术同时鉴定番茄抗根结线虫和抗斑萎病毒基因   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

李君明  宋燕  徐和金  周永健  Carole Caranta  冯兰香 《园艺学报》2003,30(6):678-682

 利用同一PCR反应体系，对分别与番茄抗根结线虫的 基因和抗斑萎病毒(1w V)的Sw一5基因紧密连锁的SCAR标记进行了同时扩增筛选，扩增的特异性片段与单引物扩增片段完全吻合，其中与基因紧密连锁的SCAR1标记为共显性标记，抗感试材均产生750 bp的特异片段，纯合和杂合抗病基因型试材存在 I酶切位点，酶切后分别产生了570 bp、160 bp和750 bp、570 bp、160 bp的不同特异性片段，而感病基因型试材无 I酶切位点；与Sw一5基因紧密连锁的SCAR2标记为显性标记，只有抗病试材扩增出400 bD的特异性片段。经反复验证，结果稳定准确可靠，可用于在同一PCR反应体系中对两个抗病基因进行同时筛选鉴定。  相似文献   

Surveillance of West Nile virus in horses in Canada: A retrospective study of cases reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency from 2003 to 2019     

Antoine Levasseur  Julie Arsenault  Julie Par 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(5):469

The objectives of the study were to describe the regional and provincial incidence rates and the weekly distribution of 842 reported West Nile virus (WNV) cases in horses in Canada between 2003 and 2019. This study also investigated characteristics of cases reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) between 2015 and 2019. The western region (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) had higher incidence rates than the eastern region (Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic provinces) and overall, Saskatchewan registered the highest incidence. Over the study period, an earlier weekly preliminary onset of WNV cases was observed in the western region. The vast majority of cases were unvaccinated (96%), most cases were Quarter Horses (68%) and the risk of mortality was 31.9%. The findings of this study may be useful in informing veterinary equine practitioners about measures to prevent WNV disease in horses in Canada.  相似文献   

Effect of feed restriction on dairy cow milk production: a review     

Antoine Leduc  Sylvain Souchet  Marine Gel  Fabienne Le Provost  Marion Boutinaud 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

In the dairy cow, negative energy balance affects milk yield and composition as well as animal health. Studying the effects of negative energy balance on dairy cow milk production is thus essential. Feed restriction (FR) experiments attempting to reproduce negative energy balance by reducing the quantity or quality of the diet were conducted in order to better describe the animal physiology changes. The study of FR is also of interest since with climate change issues, cows may be increasingly faced with periods of drought leading to a shortage of forages. The aim of this article is to review the effects of FR during lactation in dairy cows to obtain a better understanding of metabolism changes and how it affects mammary gland activity and milk production and composition. A total of 41 papers studying FR in lactating cows were used to investigate physiological changes induced by these protocols. FR protocols affect the entire animal metabolism as indicated by changes in blood metabolites such as a decrease in glucose concentration and an increase in non-esterified fatty acid or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations; hormonal regulations such as a decrease in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I or an increase in growth hormone concentrations. These variations indicated a mobilization of body reserve in most studies. FR also affects mammary gland activity through changes in gene expression and could affect mammary cell turnover through cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and exfoliation of mammary epithelial cells into milk. Because of modifications of the mammary gland and general metabolism, FR decreases milk production and can affect milk composition with decreased lactose and protein concentrations and increased fat concentration. These effects, however, can vary widely depending on the type of restriction, its duration and intensity, or the stage of lactation in which it takes place. Finally, to avoid yield loss and metabolic disorders, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to monitor energy balance.  相似文献   

Increased abundance of patatins,lipoxygenase and miraculins in a thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank somaclone with enhanced resistance to common scab     

Iauhenia Isayenka  Juan Duque-Yate  Marie-Claire Goulet  Dominique Michaud  Carole Beaulieu  Nathalie Beaudoin 《Plant pathology》2023,72(1):100-111

Potato common scab caused by the actinobacterium Streptomyces scabiei is characterized by the formation of corky lesions on tubers that reduce their marketability. Management of common scab is very complex and often ineffective under various environmental conditions. Using potato varieties that are more resistant to common scab remains one of the most efficient strategies to control this disease. However, very little is known about the factors associated with resistance to common scab. Somaclone RB9 regenerated from thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank calli produced tubers more resistant to common scab than the original variety. Comparison of the RB9 tuber proteome with that of Russet Burbank using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed changes in the accumulation of defence-related proteins from the patatin and lipoxygenase (LOX) families, which are involved in the metabolism of lipids, and of two miraculins of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors family. The implication of LOX during common scab infection was studied using synchronized minitubers developed from leaf-bud cuttings. S. scabiei infection stimulated the accumulation of LOX in both Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers, but this accumulation was intensified in RB9 minitubers. Infection also increased LOX activity in Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers. However, LOX activity measured in noninfected RB9 minitubers was similar to that of infected Russet Burbank minitubers, indicating endogenous activation of LOX activity in RB9 minitubers. We discuss how increased LOX abundance and activity in the somaclone RB9 may contribute to improving tuber defence against common scab.  相似文献   

Implementation of two high through-put techniques in a novel application: detecting point mutations in large EMS mutated plant populations     

Antoine LF Gady  Freddy WK Hermans  Marion HBJ Van de Wal  Eibertus N van Loo  Richard GF Visser  Christian WB Bachem 《Plant methods》2009,5(1):13-14

Background  

The establishment of mutant populations together with the strategies for targeted mutation detection has been applied successfully to a large number of organisms including many species in the plant kingdom. Considerable efforts have been invested into research on tomato as a model for berry-fruit plants. With the progress of the tomato sequencing project, reverse genetics becomes an obvious and achievable goal.  相似文献   

Characterization of odor-active volatiles in apples: influence of cultivars and maturity stage     

Mehinagic E  Royer G  Symoneaux R  Jourjon F  Prost C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(7):2678-2687

The aroma and texture of three different apple cultivars, harvested at three maturity stages, were analyzed by sensory and instrumental analysis. The emphasis was on the identification of the most potent odorant volatiles, and the challenge was to separate the few most important flavor compounds, which may be trace chemicals, from the vast number of nonodorant compounds present in apple aroma extracts. Thirty-six odorant compounds were detected, 24 of which were common to all extracts. A significant correlation coefficient was found between the aroma intensity scores and overall quantity of the odorant volatiles, which shows that the development of sensory aroma is similar to that of odorant volatiles. This study also showed that the parameters measured by penetrometry and compression were highly correlated with sensory textural attributes. The determination of the optimal maturity stage for different apple cultivars by the usual parameters, such as color, diameter, total soluble solids, and titrable acidity, may not be sufficient to determine the optimal sensory quality for consumers. Moreover, the sensory quality of fruits changes during maturation in a different way from one cultivar to another, and this should be taken into account.  相似文献   

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea     

Marine Remize  Frdric Planchon  Matthieu Garnier  Ai Ning Loh  Fabienne Le Grand  Antoine Bideau  Christophe Lambert  Rudolph Corvaisier  Aswani Volety  Philippe Soudant 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.  相似文献   

Odor Modification in Salmon Hydrolysates Using the Maillard Reaction     

Christelle Kouakou  Jean-Pascal Bergé  Régis Baron  Laurent Lethuaut  Carole Prost 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):453-467

The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding sugar during proteolysis to promote the Maillard reaction and mask the initial fish odor and off-flavors generated. An experimental design, based on the Doehlert plan, was used to study the influence of hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature, sugar, and antioxidant addition) on the odor characteristics of hydrolysates, soluble protein levels, and amino acid content. Results showed that the lowest level of sugar (10 g of D-xylose added to 1 kg of by-products) was enough to develop a grilled odor in hydrolysates. In the hydrolysis conditions used—i.e., enzyme inactivation at 95°C for 30 min—hydrolysis temperature had no effect on grilled odor production but significantly affected the soluble protein fraction, as did hydrolysis time. Soluble protein content and essential amino acid content increased with the enzymatic reaction but were not modified by adding sugar. Hydrolysis conditions that promote Maillard reactions while keeping a nutritional balance have been identified.  相似文献   

Beyond Impact Factors: Research that Contributes to the Growth and Development of Aquaculture          下载免费PDF全文

Carole R. Engle 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(5):603-604

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