Pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)     

Kanako Muta  Takako Miyabe‐Nishiwaki  Kenichi Masui  Isao Yajima  Tomoya Iizuka  Akihisa Kaneko  Ryohei Nishimura 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):18-27

The objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. In Study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. Plasma concentration was measured, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A two‐compartment model was selected as the final model. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: V₁ = 1.14 L, V₂ = 77.6 L, CL₁ = 0.00182 L/min, CL₂ = 0.0461 L/min. In Study 2, clinical and physiological parameters were assessed and recorded every 2 min after 12 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg^?1 min^?1. Immobilization was sustained for 5 min following propofol administration without apparent bradycardia. While combination of propofol and sevoflurane caused apnoea in Study 1, apnoea was not observed following single administration of propofol in Study 2. These data provide bases for further investigation on intravenous anaesthesia using propofol in common marmosets.  相似文献   

Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ozaki K  Yamagami T  Nomura K  Narama I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1117-1121

The prognosis for canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CCMT) is thought to be correlated with histopathological grading. However, the wide variety of histopathologic types of grade II is one of the most troublesome and difficult points for prognosis. The objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of surgical margin, ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II tumor. Surgically resected specimens of solitary grade II CCMT from 48 dogs with follow-up periods over 360 days (median was 1080 days) were used in this study. The expression of cyclin D1 and ki-67 proteins was determined by morphometrically using slides stained immunocytochemically, and the correlations among the results, survival rate, and recurrence and/or metastasis rate of each dog were analyzed statistically. The recurrence and/or metastasis and mortality rate in the incomplete surgical excision group within 30 months postoperatively were higher than that of the complete surgical excision group. In the incomplete surgical excision group, dogs with low positive staining of ki-67 had a significantly better survival, but the recurrence and metastasis rate and ki-67 positivity failed to show a significant correlation. Only a small number of cases showed cyclin D1-positive tumor cells, but most of them had a poor outcome with a high recurrence rate. In grade II CCMT, incomplete excision induced a relatively high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Ki-67 positivity is a marker for the estimation of overall survival in incomplete surgical excision cases. Cyclin D1 positivity was low and may not have a prognostic role.  相似文献   

Antihyaluronidase action of ellagic acid effectively prevents polyspermy as a result of suppression of the acrosome reaction induced by sperm-zona interaction during in vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes     

Tokeshi I  Yoshimoto T  Muto N  Nakamura S  Ashizawa K  Nakada T  Tatemoto H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):755-764

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of three tannin relatives (tannic acid, TA; gallic acid, GA; and ellagic acid, EA) on antihyaluronidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, in vitro fertilization (IVF) parameters, and the acrosome reaction (AR) induced by sperm-zona interaction. Among the three tannin relatives, TA and EA showed the strongest potency for blocking the hyaluronidase activity of boar sperm, with concentration-dependent inhibition over the range of 2-10 microg/ml. In contrast, ROSs were effectively scavenged by TA and GA, but not EA. When cumulus-free oocytes were inseminated in IVF medium containing 5 microg/ml of the tannin relatives, polyspermy was significantly reduced by TA and EA (32 and 29%, respectively) compared with oocytes treated with or without GA (51 and 69%, respectively) under conditions that maintained a high sperm penetration rate (P<0.05). Interestingly, induction of the AR by treatment of preincubated sperm with progesterone was blocked by TA and GA as a result of their higher levels of ROS scavenging activity, while EA, which possessed weak ROS scavenging activity, did not disturb induction of the AR with progesterone. However, the incidence of AR induced by sperm-zona interaction was significantly decreased by the strong antihyaluronidase actions of TA and EA compared with that in the absence of these compounds. Treatment with the compounds caused neither a protective proteolytic modification of the zona pellucida matrix before fertilization nor a reduction in acrosomal proteolytic activity or the number of zona-bound sperm. These findings suggest that the antihyaluronidase action of EA effectively prevents polyspermy by suppression of AR functionality induced by sperm-zona interaction and that hyaluronidase intervention is therefore required during porcine IVF.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant toxin for detection of antibodies against Pasteurella multocida toxin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takada-Iwao A  Uto T  Mukai T  Okada M  Futo S  Shibata I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):581-586

To facilitate the control of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) of swine caused by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a serum neutralization test (NT) have recently been developed to detect antibodies against the P. multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PmDNT). However, the NT is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed an indirect ELISA, using recombinant PmDNT expressed in Escherichia coli, for the detection of antibodies to PmDNT in serum samples from pigs. The practical usefulness of this ELISA was compared with the NT using serum samples obtained from experimentally infected and naturally infected pigs. In the pigs experimentally inoculated with vaccine including PmDNT toxoid, the ELISA and neutralization antibodies were detected at almost the same time, and a good correlation was demonstrated between both tests (P<0.01, R(2)=0.807). Therefore, the ELISA can be used to evaluate the immune reaction of pigs after vaccination with P. multocida toxoid. In a survey conducted on a field herd with a history of clinical AR, the seropositivity by ELISA in pigs of age 4.5-6 months was increased even though the NT was negative, and the correlation was low between the results obtained with the two tests (P<0.01, R(2)=0.38). Therefore, the results indicated that this ELISA might be a useful alternative to the NT currently used to detect the antibody to PmDNT after vaccination or infection with P. multocida.  相似文献   

动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语混合使用情况辨析     

王兴群  王璐  王涵钰  徐婷婷  倪兴维  周标  李星星  伍波涛  毛以智 《中国动物检疫》2023,40(5):42-46

自1994年深圳市罗湖区在环境卫生领域率先引入政府购买公共服务以来,我国政府购买公共服务经历局部性试点与探索、试点推进、制度化推广、全面推开与创新等4个阶段。2005年以来,我国对动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务进行了探索,但有关术语及其涵义一直未界定,更未形成共识,导致术语混用较为严重。术语混用体现了人们认知不同,看法不一,给动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务理论研究和实践探索造成了混乱。鉴于此,本文尝试梳理术语混用的背景、混用情况并予以辨析,以探讨动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语的正确使用。  相似文献   

PCR detection of Porcine circovirus type 2 DNA in whole blood,serum, oropharyngeal swab,nasal swab,and feces from experimentally infected pigs and field cases     

Shibata I  Okuda Y  Yazawa S  Ono M  Sasaki T  Itagaki M  Nakajima N  Okabe Y  Hidejima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):405-408

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) shedding patterns were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of PCV2 DNA, and the diagnostic suitability of a sample for the PCR was examined by using different types of samples. In the experimental infection, sixteen pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2. The samples, including oropharyngeal and nasal swabs, feces, whole blood and serum became positive for PCV2 DNA by PCR immediately after the inoculation, and almost all samples remained positive during the observation period, post-inoculation-day 70. Field samples were collected from 313 pigs in five different age groups. The overall percentages of positive samples in the whole blood, nasal swabs, and feces detected by PCR were 30.4%, 19.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. The frequency of positive samples increased after the nursery stages and reached a peak in the 3 to 4-month-old pigs. These results indicate that PCV2 infection may occur after weaning, that PCV2 DNA may be present in whole blood for a long period after infection, and that whole blood and serum are the most suitable sample types for the PCR analysis of PCV2.  相似文献   

The role of primary germ tubes in the life cycle of Blumeria graminis: The primary germ tube is responsible for the suppression of resistance induction of a host plant cell     

Naoto Yamaoka  Takayuki Ohta  Naoko Danno  Satoshi Taniguchi  Isao Matsumoto  Masamichi Nishiguchi 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(4-6):184-191

When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell.  相似文献   

4株Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒分离株对SPF雏鸡的致病性研究     

谢梓民  曾繁聪  傅禹铭  姜含雨  杨惠湖  柯骏鸿  罗瑞  梁昭平  张雪莲  黄淑坚 《中国畜牧兽医》2022,49(3):1032-1040

【目的】 探究Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒（Fowl adenovirus,FAdV）分离株GDDL-4（FAdV-4）、GDB3-8a （FAdV-8a）、GDT08-8b （FAdV-8b）、GDWYT-11（FAdV-11）对SPF雏鸡的致病性,进而制定更加有效的防控措施。【方法】 设立4个攻毒组（GDDL-4、GDB3-8a、GDT08-8b、GDWYT-11）及对照组,攻毒组选择腿部肌内注射接种0.2 mL 10⁵ TCID₅₀病毒液,对照组接种等体积PBS。接种后观察SPF雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变及组织病理学变化,同时检测其排毒量和病毒载量。【结果】 所有攻毒组鸡均表现为精神沉郁、消瘦、扎堆等,病理剖检以严重心包积液-包涵体肝炎综合征病变为主,其中GDDL-4组症状最为严重,死亡率最高达85%,总体死亡率在0~85%之间。排毒分析结果发现,GDDL-4和GDB3-8a组出现高滴度排毒（≥10⁴拷贝/μL）,GDT08-8b和GDWYT-11组仅能检测到低滴度（≤10³拷贝/μL）排毒。器官指数表明,除GDT08-8b组与对照组无明显差异外,其余攻毒组均能造成器官不同程度的肿大或萎缩。病理组织学切片显示,肝脏、肾脏、法氏囊的正常结构被破坏,可见肝细胞有大量淋巴细胞浸润、肾间质充血出血、法氏囊淋巴细胞坏死等。病毒载量分析结果显示,GDDL-4与GDWYT-11组在肝脏组织中病毒滴度最高,而GDB3-8a与GDT08-8b组在十二指肠中病毒滴度最高。【结论】 Ⅰ亚群FAdV的死亡率高,4株分离株均可导致雏鸡肝脏出现包涵体肝炎的病理变化,均可反复排毒,且分离株对不同的组织器官有不同的亲嗜性,在肝脏与十二指肠等组织中的病毒载量最高。  相似文献   

Growing situation of afforested trees and damage to lower-story trees caused by felling in multi-storied forest management in Peninsular Malaysia     

Isao Sawaguchi  Shunji Shimizu  Kouichi Ichihara  Katsumi Toyokawa  Osamu Ohkawabata 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(1):15-19

The growing condition of afforestation trees and damage to lower-story trees caused by felling and hauling of upper-story trees in a multi-storied forest in Peninsular Malaysia was surveyed. Seventy months have passed since the planting ofAcacia mangium upperstory trees, which have grown 233 m³/ha in volume. The growth ofShorea leprosula thirty-five months after planting of lower-story trees have reached 5.54 m in height. However, as the ratio of height to basal diameter exceeds 100:1, trees are tapering to a considerable degree. A backhoe was installed in order to fell the upper-story trees. From the results of logging, the damage ratio estimation of the lower-story trees was simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. The damage ratio differed considerably depending on planting patterns, height of upper-story trees and felling skills. The results of this survey proved that the felling and hauling of upper-story trees would be technically feasible in the future, except when one row upper-story trees and one row lower-story trees method were employed.  相似文献   

The method for designing the profile of forest roads supported by genetic algorithm     

Kouichi Ichihara  Tosimi Tanaka  Isao Sawaguchi  Shuji Umeda  Katsumi Toyokawa 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(1):45-49

This study examines a method for designing an optimum profile of a forest road in a short matter of time. In this method, a genetic algorithm (GA) searches for points where the gradient changes and dynamic programing (DP) designs the longitudinal slope. This method can be applied to the ground heights of an actual forest road. The evaluation function of the DP assesses the total expenditure. The inverse of this function is the fitness function. Crossover and mutation are operators of an evolution simulation of a GA. They are each repeated 20 times and 420 profiles are designed and assessed, all within about 10 min. A comparison of the profile designed by the GA with that of an actual forest road shows only one section where the formation level differed substantially. Overall, both profiles seem to show a high degree of correspondence. From this result, we believe that the profile designed by the GA is best, or the one of the best. A conventional method takes about 65 h to calculate all changing points of gradients. However, by using the GA, the calculation time was reduced to about 1/389 that of the coventional method, showing that the method which uses the GA through the profile design is very useful.  相似文献