Response to Goodwin et al.     

MK Wun  R Malik 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(10):413-416

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High nitrogen grass cubes as a source of nitrite poisoning in cattle     

D A Purcell  A M Raven  R H Thompson 《Research in veterinary science》1971,12(6):598-600

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Comparative Expression Analysis of Gametogenesis‐Associated Genes in Foetal and Adult Bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) Ovaries and Testes          下载免费PDF全文

SM Shah  N Saini  S Ashraf  M Zandi  MK Singh  RS Manik  SK Singla  P Palta  MS Chauhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):365-377

This study was conducted to identify and analyse the expression of gametogenesis‐associated genes and proteins in foetal and adult buffalo gonads of both the sexes. Relative quantification of the genes was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for various gametogenesis‐associated proteins in foetal and adult gonads of both the sexes. We observed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of primordial germ cell‐specific, meiotic as well as genes associated with oocyte maturation and development in foetal ovaries as compared to the adult ones. However, significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of proteins associated with oocyte maturation like GDF9 and ZP4 was found in adult ovaries, indicating temporal regulation of mRNA translation during oogenesis. Meiotic genes showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression in adult testes as compared to foetal testes and ovaries, indicating onset of meiosis at a later stage in spermatogenesis. In general, the expression of primordial germ cell‐associated as well as meiotic genes was higher in adult testes, indicating the increased biological activity in the organ. Immunohistochemistry revealed localized expression of gametogenesis‐associated proteins in ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules of testes, while the surrounding somatic tissues were devoid of these proteins. The study gives an understanding of the sequential and temporal events of gene expression as well as mRNA translation during male and female gametogenesis. It could also be concluded that follicles and seminiferous tubules are the functional units of the female and male gonads, respectively, and their function could be enhanced by appropriate chemical and genetic intervention of the somatic tissue immediately surrounding them. This assumes importance in the context that buffalo attains sexual maturity at an older age of 2–3 years and have smaller ovaries with lesser number of primordial follicles in comparison with cattle, which is suggested to be the main reason of their poor breeding performance.  相似文献   

Climate tolerances of Philaenus spumarius should be considered in risk assessment of disease outbreaks related to Xylella fastidiosa     

Godefroid  M.  Morente  M.  Schartel  T.  Cornara  D.  Purcell  A.  Gallego  D.  Moreno  A.  Pereira  J. A.  Fereres  A. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):855-868

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is an invasive insect-borne pathogen, which causes lethal diseases to important crops including olives, citrus, almonds and grapes as well as numerous forest, ornamental, and uncultivated plants. Outbreaks of Xf-related plant diseases are currently occurring in the Mediterranean region, causing substantial losses to various agricultural sectors. Several models have recently been published to identify which regions are at highest risk in Europe; however, such models did not consider the insect vectors, which constitute the key driver of short-range Xf spread. We fitted bioclimatic species distribution models to depict the macroclimatic preferences of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L. (1978) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), the major epidemiologically relevant vector currently responsible for Xf spread in the Europe. Many regions of Western Europe and Mediterranean basin are predicted by models as highly climatically suitable for this vector, including all regions where severe Xf have occurred so far. Conversely, the driest and warmest areas of the Mediterranean basin are predicted as little suitable for P. spumarius. Models forecast that agricultural-important parts of the southern Mediterranean area might experience a substantial decrease in climatic suitability for P. spumarius by the period 2040–2060. Areas predicted as highly suitable just for the bacterium but not optimal for this vector are apparently still free of severe Xf outbreaks, suggesting that climate tolerances of P. spumarius might partly explain the current spatial pattern of Xf outbreaks in Europe and should always be considered in further risk assessments.

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Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection     

Guidotti LG  Rochford R  Chung J  Shapiro M  Purcell R  Chisari FV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,284(5415):825-829

Viral clearance during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been thought to reflect the destruction of infected hepatocytes by CD8(+) T lymphocytes. However, in this study, HBV DNA was shown to largely disappear from the liver and the blood of acutely infected chimpanzees long before the peak of T cell infiltration and most of the liver disease. These results demonstrate that noncytopathic antiviral mechanisms contribute to viral clearance during acute viral hepatitis by purging HBV replicative intermediates from the cytoplasm and covalently closed circular viral DNA from the nucleus of infected cells.  相似文献   

Pierce's Disease Bacterium: Mechanism of Transmission by Leafhopper Vectors     

Purcell AH  Finlay AH  McLean DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,206(4420):839-841

The bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grapevines is isolated most consistently from the foregut of its leafhopper vector Graphocephala atropunctata. As seen in light and scanning electron microscopy of infective leafhoppers, the bacteria are attached to the cibarial pump and the lining of the esophagus in the foregut where they appear to multiply. These findings suggest that the bacterium is transmitted from the foregut by egestion during feeding by infective leafloppers.  相似文献   

Strategy in Drug Research. Proceedings of the Second IUPAC-IUPHAR Symposium: J. A. Keverling Buisman,Editor, Elsevier,Amsterdam/New York, 1982. 420 pp., $76.75 (Dfl 165.00)     

William P. Purcell 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1983,19(2):222-223

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Experimental infections of calves with Trichostrongylus axei; the course and development of infection and lesions in low level infections     

J G Ross  D A Purcell  C Dow  J R Todd 《Research in veterinary science》1967,8(2):201-206

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A study of Chabertia ovina infections in lambs     

J G Ross  C Dow  D A Purcell 《The British veterinary journal》1969,125(3):136-144

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Oxygen Concentration and Cysteamine Supplementation During In vitro Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Affect mRNA Expression of BCL‐2, BCL‐XL,MCL‐1, BAX and BID     

G Elamaran  KP Singh  MK Singh  SK Singla  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):1027-1036

This study examined the effects of O₂ concentration (5% vs 20%) during in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) or supplementation of IVM and IVC media with cysteamine (50 and 100 μm , respectively; IVM, IVF and IVC carried out in 20% O₂), on blastocyst rate and relative mRNA abundance of some apoptosis‐related genes measured by real‐time qPCR in immature and in vitro‐matured buffalo oocytes and in embryos at 2‐, 4‐, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula and blastocyst stages. The blastocyst rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) while the percentage of TUNEL‐positive cells was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O₂ than that under 20% O₂. The mRNA expression of anti‐apoptotic genes BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of pro‐apoptotic genes BAX and BID was lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O₂ than that under 20% O₂ concentration at many embryonic stages. Following cysteamine supplementation, the blastocyst rate and the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐XL and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of BAX but not BID was lower (p < 0.05) at many stages of embryonic development, although it did not affect the percentage of TUNEL positive cells in the blastocysts significantly. The mRNA expression pattern of these genes during embryonic development was different in 5% vs 20% O₂ groups and in cysteamine supplemented vs controls. At the 8‐ to 16‐cell stage, where developmental block occurs in buffalo, the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was highest under 5% O₂ concentration and that of BAX and BID was highest (p < 0.05) under 20% O₂ concentration. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms through which beneficial effects of low O₂ concentration and cysteamine supplementation are mediated during in vitro embryo production is through an increase in the expression of anti‐apoptotic and a decrease in the expression of pro‐apoptotic genes.  相似文献