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1.
Hosaka Y Kirisawa R Yamamoto E Ueda H Iwai H Takehana K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):945-947
Although inflammatory activation of cytokines have been analyzed in various tissues, there have only been a few and as-yet-inconclusive studies on cytokines in equine tendons. In this study, the localizations of 4 cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IFNgamma) in tendinocytes of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) were analyzed by the use of an immunohistochemical method. In inflamed tendons positive staining for all 4 cytokines antibodies were detected in endotedinieum cells and vascular epithelial cells. In contrast, negative or trace immunoreactions were obtained in many tendinocytes in the normal tendon. The variation in cellular immune responses depending on the kind of cytokine may reflect the physiological/pathological condition of the SDFT. 相似文献
2.
Natsuki KASUYA Itsuko WADA Mimune SHIMADA Hiroshi KAWAI Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):275-280
The cell wall constituents of feces from three faunated and three defaunated (without ruminal ciliate protozoa) cattle fed on a Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (8:5) were analyzed. There was little difference in digestibility of dry matter between the faunated and defaunated cattle. Analysis of the fecal sugar residues revealed that the digestibilities of arabinose and galactose, derived from pectic and hemicellulosic substances located within the compound middle lamella, were higher in the defaunated cattle than the faunated cattle (P < 0.05), whereas the digestibilities of glucose and xylose, derived mainly from cellulose and xylan, were unchanged by the removal of protozoa. The digestibility of lignin was not different between the faunated and defaunated cattle, but those of mannose and p‐coumaric acid were lower in the defaunated than in the faunated animals (P < 0.05). The ratio of primary cell wall to secondary cell wall in fecal plant materials was lower for the defaunated than for the faunated cattle. The results in this study suggested that the defaunation enhanced the microbial degradation of the thin cell walls, but depressed the degradation of developed cell walls. 相似文献
3.
The effects of seasoning treatment for fresh sugi wood meal on the mycelial growth of shiitake was investi-gated. The mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal increased to the same level as that in extract-free sugi wood meal on the 12th day and to approximately 70% of that in konara wood meal on the 28th day of the seasoning treatment. A drastic decrease in extracts of fresh sugi wood meal occurred during the early stage of treatment, and the neutral fraction of methanol extracts decreased to less than 2%. The drainage of sugi wood meal media significantly increased during the later stage of treatment. No changes in the chemical components of sugi wood meal were detected during the seasoning treatment. The mycelial growth of shiitake in the fully seasoned sugi wood meal, which was prepared for commercial mushroom cultivation, was at almost the same level as that in the extract-free sugi wood meal. All of the seasoned sugi wood meals contained a neutral fraction of less than 1%. These results suggested that seasoning treatment can promote mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal by eliminating inhibitors and improving the physical properties of sugi wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999 相似文献
4.
Johnston CA Temple BR Chen JG Gao Y Moriyama EN Jones AM Siderovski DP Willard FS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5852):914; author reply 914
Liu et al. (Reports, 23 March 2007, p. 1712) reported that the Arabidopsis thaliana gene GCR2 encodes a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor for abscisic acid. We argue that GCR2 is not likely to be a transmembrane protein nor a G protein-coupled receptor. Instead, GCR2 is most likely a plant homolog of bacterial lanthionine synthetases. 相似文献
5.
Choi SH Suh BS Kozukue E Kozukue N Levin CE Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(24):9024-9031
An HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of extracts of fresh peppers containing capsaicinoids and of both capsaicinoids and piperines in pepper-containing foods produced and sold in Korea. The HPLC method was optimized by defining how composition of the mobile phase affected retention times. Both identification and quantification were based on retention times and the following criteria: linearity of the UV response at 280 nm in HPLC, recoveries from spiked samples, and observed individual molecular ions in the mass spectra of the extracts determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This method, with a limit of detection of approximately 15-30 ng, was used to quantify the distribution of capsaicinoids in 11 Korean whole peppers and in 12 commercial pepper-containing foods. Total capsaicinoid levels of whole peppers ranged from 1.21 microg/g for the PR Gang ja variety to 121.1 microg/g for the Chung yang variety. The levels in food extracts, four of which also included two piperines, ranged from 11.0 microg/g for radish kimuchi to 3752 microg/g for capsaicin sauce. The results demonstrate (a) the usefulness of the HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of capsaicinoids derived from red peppers and piperines derived from black and white peppers extracted from complex food matrices and (b) the wide-ranging spread of levels of pungent pepper compounds in fresh peppers and in pepper-containing foods consumed in Korea. 相似文献
6.
Mori E Fukuda H Imajoh-Ohmi S Mori T Takasaki S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):117-125
Although the importance of carbohydrate recognition by sperm during egg zona pellucida binding has been widely reported, the sperm molecular species that recognize the carbohydrates are poorly characterized. Our previous cytochemical study indicated that two kinds of carbohydrate-binding proteins are expressed on porcine sperm heads-one recognizes N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc-), and the other recognizes the Lewis X structure (Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-). For this report, we used proteomic techniques to characterize the sperm proteins that bind N-acetyllactosamine. Porcine sperm plasma membrane was solubilized with a detergent solution and subjected to sequential chromatography with dextran sulfate agarose, affinity, and hydroxyapatite, and the binding activities in the eluates were monitored by a solid-phase binding assay. The tryptic peptides of two proteins most likely associated with the binding activities were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. A subsequent database search identified one of the two proteins as predicted disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 20-like (XP_003128672). The other protein was identified as disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 5 (AB613817) by database searches for homologous amino acid sequences, cDNA cloning, nucleotide sequencing and nucleotide database searches. Furthermore, two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE demonstrated that they formed a variety of non-covalent complexes. Therefore, these ADAM complexes probably are responsible for the N-acetyllactosamine-binding activity. An affinity-purified fraction containing these ADAM complexes showed zona pellucida-binding activity, though the activity was relatively weak, and the presence of another zona pellucida-binding protein that probably works in concert with these ADAM complexes was suggested. Immunofluorescence testing suggested that ADAM20-like was localized on the anterior part of the sperm plasma membrane. 相似文献
7.
Effects of relative shoot height and irradiance on shoot and leaf properties of Quercus serrata Thunb. saplings growing in the understory and in gaps were investigated. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at the location of the shoot relative to that in the open (relative PPF; rPPF) and the height of the shoot base relative to tree height (relative height; rHeight) were measured for all current-year shoots of each sapling. Current-year shoot properties (length, leaf area, number of daughter shoots) and mortality, and leaf properties (mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen content per area (N(area))) were examined in relation to rPPF and rHeight. N(area) was used as a proxy for area-based assimilative capacity. Shoot length, leaf area per shoot and number of daughter shoots increased with increasing rHeight, especially in well-lit conditions. Shoot mortality decreased with increasing rHeight and rPPF. Both LMA and N(area) were positively correlated with rPPF, but not rHeight. 相似文献
8.
Studies on the neuroregulatory mechanisms on the secretion of anterior pituitary (AP) hormones in domestic animals are important because nearly all complex physiological and metabolic processes are regulated by the AP hormones. To examine them, this article considers in vivo approaches such as the techniques of intrahypothalamic injection, intracerebroventricular injection, push-pull perfusion, and microdialysis, which have been employed in our own research group for the study in cattle. Also, in vitro approaches such as bovine AP cell culture and the AP explants superfusion system are described. This article clarifies the potential of neuroendocrine study techniques in cattle. 相似文献
9.
The effects of l‐DOPA and sulpiride on growth hormone secretion at different injection times in Holstein steers 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of l ‐DOPA, a precursor of dopamine (DA), and sulpiride, a D2‐type DA receptor blocker, on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion were investigated in steers. Eight Holstein steers (212.8 ± 7.8 kg body weight) were used. Lighting conditions were 12:12 L:D (lights on: 06.00–18.00 hours). Blood samplings were performed during the daytime (11.00–15.00 hours) and nighttime (23.00–03.00 hours). Intravenous injections of drugs or saline were performed at 12.00 hour for the daytime and 00.00 hour for the nighttime, respectively. Plasma GH and PRL concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. l ‐DOPA did not alter the GH secretion when it was injected at 12.00 hour (spontaneous GH level at its peak). On the other hand, l ‐DOPA increased GH secretion at 00.00 hour (GH level at its trough). Injection of sulpiride suppressed GH secretion at 12.00 hour but did not affect GH levels at 00.00 hour. l ‐DOPA inhibited and sulpiride stimulated PRL release during both periods. These results suggest that dopaminergic neurons have stimulatory action on GH secretion and inhibitory action on PRL secretion in cattle. In addition, injection time should be considered to evaluate the exact effects on GH secretion due to its ultradian rhythm of GH secretion in cattle. 相似文献
10.
Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya Shoichi Saito Mitsuhiro Okada Ai Nozaki Kouichi Nunokawa Yoshiaki Tsuda 《BMC ecology》2010,10(1):21