Replacement of fish oil in plant‐based diets for Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,by stearine fish oil and palm oil     

Fabio Soller  Luke A. Roy  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(1):186-203

Stearine fish oil (SFO) and palm oil (PO) have emerged as promising alternatives for the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the replacement of FO with alternative oils in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. In a clear brackish water study (14.1 g/L) utilizing shrimp (0.29 ± 0.02 g, initial weight), FO was replaced by SFO at inclusion ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (FO:SFO) and PO as 90% of FO. After 55 days, no significant differences (p < 0.05) in final weight, growth, or survival of shrimp were observed. A second trial (8 weeks) in low‐salinity water (2.1 g/L) with shrimp (0.92 ± 0.02 g, initial weight) evaluated diets with 100% FO, 100% SFO, 90% PO, 90% soybean oil (SO), or 90% flaxseed oil (FXO) as a replacement for FO and four commercially produced diets with 2% of FO, SO, PO, or FXO. One treatment received half rations of the commercial FO diet, and one treatment was based entirely on natural productivity. Results show that the fatty acid profiles of the tail muscle conformed to the lipids of the feed, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were preserved. Following 8 weeks of culture, there were no significant differences in production performance.  相似文献   

Validation of a human immunoturbidimetric assay to measure canine albumin in urine and cerebrospinal fluid.     

Fabio Gentilini  Francesco Dondi  Cinzia Mastrorilli  Massimo Giunti  Claudia Calzolari  Gualtiero Gandini  Danilo Mancini  Paolo Famigli Bergamini 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(2):179-183

The aim of this study was to validate an automated immunoturbidimetric assay used to quantify human albumin in urine and to accurately measure canine albumin concentrations in both urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The partial homology existing between human and canine albumin limited the accuracy of the human assays in measuring canine albumin without method modifications. Thus, the assay was modified by calibrating the analyzer with calibrators made in the laboratory containing known concentrations of canine albumin. To prepare the set of calibrators, the albumin concentration of pooled sera of healthy dogs was assessed in 5 replicates using the BromocresolGreen assay. Pooled samples were aliquoted and serially diluted to obtain the expected concentrations of albumin (0.5, 1, 5, 13, and 30 mg/dl) for establishing the canine calibration curve. Thereafter, the performance was assessed by analyzing canine urine and CSF The modified assay accurately quantified canine albumin in both specimens, as indicated by the following. Intra- and interassay variability was 0.92% and 2.74%, respectively; recovery was 99.66% and 99.07% in urine and 105.02% in CSF No interference was detected when hemolysate and glucose were added to urine. The test was linear within the verified range (0-225 mg/dl). These results demonstrate that the modified human albumin immunoturbidimetric assay can be a useful tool in the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. It is accurate and tends itself to automatization on chemistry analyzers.  相似文献   

Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review     

Jeann Leal de Araújo  Alice C. A. M. Arruda  Nayadjala T. A. Santos  Glenison F. Dias  Thiago F. L. Nery  Fabio Del Piero  Richard Ploeg  Brian F. Porter  Ingeborg M. Langohr 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):600

A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.  相似文献   

Oral and intravenous administration of nimesulide in the horse: rational dosage regimen from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data     

Villa R  Cagnardi P  Belloli C  Zonca A  Zizzadoro C  Ferro E  Carli S 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(2):136-142

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The selective COX-2-inhibitor nimesulide is used extra-label in equine veterinary practice as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, there are no data on which to base the rational use of the drug in this species. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effective COX selectivity of nimesulide in the horse, and suggest a suitable dosing schedule. METHODS: The pharmacokinetics of nimesulide in the horse after oral administration (1 mg/kg bwt), and oral and i.v. administration (1.5 mg/kg bwt) were investigated, effects of feeding status on bioavailability determined, and plasma protein binding of the drug and its principal metabolites measured. Compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. The plasma concentration-time profile was used, together with in vitro literature data on nimesulide inhibition of COX isoforms, to determine the effective COX selectivity of nimesulide in the horse, and suggest a suitable dosing schedule. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that 1.5 mg/kg bwt may produce adequate clinical effects, and the dosing interval should be 12-24 h depending on condition severity. However, at that dose, the concentration in the animal exceeds the in vitro IC50 for both isoforms, so that COX-1/COX-2 selectivity is lost and side-effects due to COX-1 inhibition are a possibility. Nimesulide should therefore be used with caution in equine clinical practice.  相似文献   

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone and cefamandole in dogs following single dose intravenous and intramuscular administration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Montesissa C  Villa R  Anfossi P  Zanoni R  Carli S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(2):170-176

The pharmacokinetics and intramuscular (i.m.) bioavailability of cefoperazone and cefamandole (20mg/kg) were investigated in dogs and the findings related to minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 90 bacterial strains isolated clinically from dogs. The MICs of cefamandole for Staphylococcus intermedius (MIC(90) 0.125 microg/mL) were lower than those of cefoperazone (MIC(90) 0.5 micro/mL) although the latter was more effective against Escherichia coli strains (MIC(90) 2.0 microg/mL vs. 4.0 microg/mL). The pharmacokinetics of the drugs after intravenous administrations were similar: a rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase (t((1/2)lambda2) 84.0+/-21.3 min for cefoperazone and 81.4+/-9.7 min for cefamandole). The apparent volume of distribution and body clearance were 0.233 L/kg and 1.96 mL/kg/min for cefoperazone, 0.190 L/kg and 1.76 mL/kg/min for cefamandole. After i.m. administration the bioavailability and peak serum concentration of cefamandole (85.1+/-13.5% and 35.9+/-5.4 microg/mL) were significantly higher than cefoperazone (41.4+/-7.1% and 24.5+/-3.0 micog/mL), but not the serum half-lives (t(1/2el) 134.3+/-12.6 min for cefoperazone and 145.4+/-12.3 min for cefamandole). The time above MIC(90) indicated that cefamandole can be administered once daily to dogs for the treatment of staphylococcal infections (T>MIC for S. intermedius 23.8+/-0.3 and for Staphylococcus aureus 21.6+/-0.6h).  相似文献   

Treatment of gastric ulceration in 10 standardbred racehorses with a pectin-lecithin complex     

Ferrucci F  Zucca E  Croci C  Di Fabio V  Ferro E 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(22):679-681

The severity of the erosive and ulcerative lesions of the squamous gastric mucosa in 10 standardbred racehorses in training was classified according to a standard scoring system. Each horse was then treated orally for 30 days with 50 g/100 kg bodyweight daily of a pectin-lecithin complex mixed into the feed. At the end of the period of treatment, the gastric lesions were re-evaluated gastroscopically and the scores were compared with those assigned at the previous evaluation. In three of the horses the gastric ulcerations had healed completely, and in six others the lesions had improved significantly.  相似文献   

Clostridium perfringens urachitis and uroperitoneum in 2 neonatal foals     

Hyman SS  Wilkins PA  Palmer JE  Schaer TP  Del Piero F 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(4):489-493

  相似文献   

Forecasting Infections of the Leaf Curl Disease on Peaches Caused by Taphrina deformans     

S. Giosuè  G. Spada  V. Rossi  G. Carli  I. Ponti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(6):563-571

An Israeli model forecasting leaf curl disease on peaches caused by Taphrina deformans was validated in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, during a three-year period (1996–1998), in 13 cases (year × location × cultivar). When the peach trees are susceptible to infection, the model uses mathematical functions to calculate the risk of infection on the basis of weather conditions (daily rainfall greater than 10mm, and maximum air temperature greater than 5°C), and it forecasts periods of possible symptom appearance based on the length of incubation. Peach trees became susceptible to infection between the end of January and mid March, when the first leaf buds attained phenological stage C, i.e. appearance of leaf apex. The trees remained susceptible for at least 9 weeks: the last infection occurred in mid-May.Since most of the leaf curl onsets observed in the orchards fell within the range of model forecasts, the model proved to be accurate in signalling both the first seasonal infection and repeated infections during the primary inoculum season. Few errors occurred, caused either by conditions of rainfall and temperature lower than the thresholds fixed in the model, or by discrepancies between forecast and actual length of incubation. Infection occurred also at 3.1–3.5°C, and with 9.6mm rainfall. Thus, thresholds should not be accepted too rigorously, and perhaps temperature should not be considered as a limiting factor for infection under the conditions of the present work. The length of incubation showed high variability: it was 23 days long on average, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 20 to 27 days, and extreme values of 9 and 33 days.  相似文献   

Cacao leaf procyanidins increase locally and systemically in response to infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospores     

Fabio C. Chaves  Thomas J. Gianfagna   《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):174-179

Flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers from dimers to decamers were quantitatively determined by HPLC-FLD in leaves of four Theobroma cacao varieties. Cacao flush leaves had higher procyanidin content than mature leaves. Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospore infection results in an increase in cacao leaf procyanidins in the inoculated leaves, as well as in the uninoculated, adjacent, older leaves on an actively growing branch, resulting in both a local and systemic increase in procyanidin content in response to infection. Procyanidin oligomers increased significantly in leaves of the less susceptible genotype Scavina 6 upon infection, and total procyanidin levels were higher than in Cacao Comum a more disease susceptible genotype. Selection of genotypes with high constitutive and/or inducible content of procyanidins in young flush leaves may be a strategy to develop witches’ broom disease resistant cultivars.  相似文献   

A Syndrome Resembling Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in 4 Young Doberman Pinschers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JoAnn DeMarco  Sharon A. Center  Nathan Dykes  Amy E. Yeager  Bruce Kornreich  Ed Gschrey  Kelly A. Credille  Magali Guffroy  Fabio del  Piero Beth A. Valentine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(3):147-156

We describe 4 young male Doberman Pinschers (3 littermates and 1 unrelated dog) with a syndrome resembling idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension of humans. Each dog was evaluated for a hepatopathy resulting in portal hypertension, development of portosystemic collateral vessels, and hepatic encephalopathy. These dogs differ from previous reports of young dogs with hepatic insufficiency associated with portal hypertension and acquired portal systemic shunting by their lack of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulae, portal vein atresia, or intrahepatic fibrosis. Clinicopathologic features included erythrocyte microcytosis, normal to mildly increased liver enzyme activities, increased concentrations of serum bile acids, reduced plasma indocyanine green clearance, and normal total bilirubin concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography disclosed a small liver and portosystemic collateral vessels. Radiographic imaging studies confirmed hepatofugal portal circulation and discounted hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Histopathologic features in liver tissue from each dog were similar and consistent in all sections examined. Common findings included increased cross-sectional views of hepatic arterioles; hepatic lobular atrophy; scanty increase in connective tissue around some large portal triads; and absence of inflammation, disturbed lobular architecture, bile duct proliferation, or intrahepatic cholestasis.  相似文献