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Ken‐ichi YAYOU Humihiro OTANI Naozumi TAKUSARI Katsuji UETAKE Takashi OKAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):37-44
To provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of physiological and behavioral responses to stressors in sheep, acute changes in endocrine, autonomic and behavioral functions following 30 min infusions of ovine‐corticotropin‐releasing hormone (oCRH; 0, 0.5, 5 or 50 µg/0.5 mL of artificial cerebrospinal fluid/30 min) into the third ventricle of sheep (n = 7–8) were examined. Serial blood samples were collected through indwelling jugular catheters to determine plasma cortisol concentrations (CORT). Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT) were obtained via telemetry systems. The behaviors of the animal were monitored simultaneously. Intracerebroventricular infusions of CRH dose‐dependently induced an increase in CORT; there was a time–treatment interaction in CORT (P < 0.001). There was not a time–treatment interaction either in HR (P = 0.29) or in RT (P = 0.28). That RT showed a tendency to decrease with higher doses of CRH in sheep was in contradiction to previous reports in rats and pigs. As to changes in behavioral function, only the induction of bleating was marked. These results suggest that in physiological and behavioral responses of sheep to stressors, CRH regulates the increase in CORT and the induction of bleating. However, CRH might have little function in sympathetic nervous activation during physiological responses to stressors in sheep. 相似文献
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SALAMIAH Hajime AKAMATSU Yukitaka FUKUMASA-NAKAI Hiroshi OTANI Motoichiro KODAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):97-105
The genetic controls of host-specific toxin (HST) biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of A. alternata pathogens have been limited by the asexual nature of the life cycle of these fungi. We used a protoplast fusion system for
A. alternata to analyze the genetics of HST production and its relation to the specific pathogenicity of these pathogens. Drug-resistant
transformants were isolated by genetic transformation, using vectors conferring resistance to hygromycin B and geneticin,
for the A. alternata apple pathotype (AM-toxin producer) and A. alternata tomato pathotype (AAL-toxin producer), respectively. Protoplasts of the respective transformants were fused by electrofusion.
The majority of resultant stable fusants produced both AM- and AAL-toxins and were pathogenic to susceptible cultivars of
both apple and tomato. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that these fusants (or hybrids) carried small
1.7-and 1.1-Mb chromosomes, characteristic of the parental strains of the apple and tomato pathotypes, respectively. Detection
of the AMT gene, involved in AM-toxin biosynthesis, by polymerase chain reaction revealed that all fusants pathogenic to apple maintained
this gene. Microfluorimetry analysis using propidium iodide staining suggested that the fusants might be diploid.
Received 14 November 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 December 2000 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Effects of the chromosome set manipulation on early embryonic development were examined in goldfish and crucian carp. Both pressure- and heat-shock treatments of fertilized eggs induced developmental disorders such as thin blastodisc formation, delay of epiboly, and deficiency of dorso-anterior structures. The longer the treatments were applied to the eggs, the more frequently severe dorsal deficiencies were induced in the embryos. No and reduced signals of goosecoid mRNA, a dorsal mesodermal marker, were observed in embryos treated with heat-shock at 40°C for 1 min at 5 min postfertilization. These results suggested that such treatments should affect not only the retention of the second polar body, but also the suppression of dorso-ventral differentiation. 相似文献
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Keisuke IMOTO Yuho SAKAI Muneyoshi OKADA Kosuke OTANI Hideyuki YAMAWAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):997
Changes in electrophysiological properties, such as ion channel expression and activity, are closely related to arrhythmogenesis during heart failure (HF). However, a causative factor for the electrical remodeling in HF has not been determined. Periostin (POSTN), a matricellular protein, is increased in heart tissues of patients with HF. In the present study, we investigated whether a single injection of POSTN affects the electrophysiological properties in rat ventricles. After male Wistar rats were intravenously injected with recombinant rat POSTN (64 µg/kg, 24 hr), electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Whole-cell patch clamp was performed to measure action potential (AP) and Na+ current (INa) in isolated ventricular myocytes. Protein expression of cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (NaV1.5) in isolated ventricles was examined by Western blotting. In ECG, POSTN-injection significantly increased RS height. POSTN-injection significantly delayed time to peak in AP and decreased INa in the isolated ventricular myocytes. POSTN-injection decreased NaV1.5 expression in the isolated ventricles. It was confirmed that POSTN (1 µg/ml, 24 hr) decreased INa and NaV1.5 protein expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. This study for the first time demonstrated that a single injection of POSTN in rats decreased INa by suppressing NaV1.5 expression in the ventricular myocytes, which was accompanied by a prolongation of time to peak in AP and an increase of RS height in ECG. 相似文献
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Impact of fermented milk on human health: Cholesterol-lowering and immunomodulatory properties of fermented milk 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Akiyoshi HOSONO Hajime OTANI Hisako YASUI Masaaki WATANUKI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):241-256
In this review, we focus on the cholesterol-lowering activity of Lactobacillus gasseri , the immunomodulatory function of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) and lactic acid bacteria as starters for fermented milk, and the probability and difficulty of creating immunomodulatory fermented milk as a 'food for specified health use'. Among the starter bacteria used for the preparation of fermented milk, L. gasseri SBT0270 could exert a hypocholesterolemic effect in rats fed a diet high in cholesterol through deconjugation of bile salts. On the other hand, CPPs, having a tripeptide sequence consisting of two phosphoserine residues at N- and C-terminal positions, stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and IgA formation via the increase of interleukin-5 and interleukin-6 produced by type 2 helper T cells. The oral ingestion of CPPs enhanced the level of antigen-specific and total intestinal IgA. Moreover, one strain of bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064) and one strain of Lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota), used as a starter for fermented milk, activated the humoral and cellular immune system, respectively, and prevented various diseases. It is important to elucidate what components modulate and what mechanisms are responsible for the physiological function of fermented milk in order for it to be accepted as a 'food for specified health use' claiming immunomodulatory activity. 相似文献
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Hirotatsu MURANO Takashi OTANI Tomoyuki MAKINO Nobuyasu SEIKE Mizuki SAKAI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(2):325-332
The use of heptachlor, a cyclodiene-type insecticide, has been banned since the 1970s because of its carcinogenic potential. However, its metabolite, heptachlor exo -epoxide (HEPX), has still been detected in the fruit of cucurbits produced in some areas. It is important to reduce the daily intake of HEPX contained in food. To address this issue, the effects of carbonaceous adsorbents on the uptake of HEPX from the soil by Cucurbita maxima Dutch. (winter squash) were investigated. Amorphous organic carbons, such as peat moss and wood chips, did not affect the concentration of HEPX in the soil solution or the amount present in the shoots. In contrast, relatively condensed carbon, such as activated carbons, decreased the concentration of HEPX in the soil solution and in the shoots. The uptake amount in the shoot was closely correlated with the concentration of HEPX in the soil solution, which suggests that its uptake by C . maxima depends on its concentration in the soil solution. Activated carbons did not affect the growth of C . maxima . Therefore, the application of activated carbon to soil contaminated with HEPX appears to be an effective method of reducing the uptake of HEPX by C . maxima . 相似文献
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The effect of a commercially available dietary casein phosphopeptide preparation, CPP‐III, consisting mainly of bovine αs2‐casein (1–32) and β‐casein (1–28) on the development of allergic symptoms mediated by IgE antibody was investigated in NC/Jic Jcl mice. No significant difference was observed in the change in mean bodyweight between mice given a diet of a mixture of ovalbumin and CPP‐III (CPP‐III‐added diet) and those given a diet of ovalbumin alone (control diet) as a protein source. Total allergic score of five mice given the CPP‐III‐added diet was less than half that of those given the control diet for 13 weeks. Levels of intestinal total and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A were significantly higher in the CPP‐III‐added diet group than in the control diet group, while the serum ovalbumin‐specific IgE level was significantly smaller in the former. The production of interleukin (IL)‐6 by spleen cells from mice that ingested the CPP‐III‐added diet for 13 weeks was obviously higher than that by spleen cells from mice administered the control diet, while the formation of IL‐4 by spleen cells from the former mice was significantly lower than that by the latter mouse. These results suggest that the oral ingestion of CPP‐III may be beneficial in reducing allergic symptoms mediated by IgE antibody. 相似文献
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Ikki MATSUDA Seigo HIGASHI Yosuke OTANI Augustine TUUGA Henry BERNARD Richard T. CORLETT 《Integrative zoology》2013,8(4):395-399
Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized, this is not the case for colobines, which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests. Colobines consume leaves, seeds and fruits, usually unripe. A group of proboscis monkeys (Colobinae, Nasalis larvatus) consisting of 1 alpha‐male, 6 adult females and several immatures, was observed from May 2005 to May 2006. A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined, with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River, Sabah, Malaysia. Intact small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005, 15 of 38 in Dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar 2006. Seeds of Ficus (all <1.5 mm in length) were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum (all <3 mm) and Nauclea subdita (all <2 mm) only in Nov and Dec, which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these times. To our knowledge, these are the first records of seeds in the fecal samples of colobines. Even if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact, their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed dispersal. The potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers. 相似文献
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Skim milk and whey prepared from milk secreted by cows that had been injected with bacteria were kept under various conditions, and the antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the milk samples were investigated. More than 85% of the original antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities remained when the skim milk was heated at 63°C for 60 min or kept at a pH range of 4–10 for 24 h at 37°C. Both of the high abilities were maintained on pepsin treatment above pH 4 and intestinal proteinase treatments. Little antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities decreased upon storage of the powdered skim milk for 12 months at room temperature. In contrast, at least half, and more than 70% of their respective abilities, were lost upon incubation at pH 2 in the absence and presence of pepsin, respectively, for 1 h at 37°C. These results suggest that most of the biological activities of the Fab‐region and Fc‐region of bovine milk IgG can be maintained during processing or storage, and both of the inactivation degrees mainly depend on the stomach condition after oral ingestion of the IgG preparation. 相似文献