Use of fresh vegetable discards as sea urchin diet: effect on gonad index and quality     

Salvatrice Vizzini  Luca Miccichè  Antonino Vaccaro  Antonio Mazzola 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):127-139

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Suppression of Specific Apple Root Pathogens by Brassica napus Seed Meal Amendment Regardless of Glucosinolate Content   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mazzola M  Granatstein DM  Elfving DC  Mullinix K 《Phytopathology》2001,91(7):673-679

ABSTRACT The impact of Brassica napus seed meal on the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Regardless of glucosinolate content, seed meal amendment at a rate of 0.1% (vol/vol) significantly enhanced growth of apple and suppressed apple root infection by Rhizoctonia spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans. High glucosinolate B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments did not consistently suppress soil populations of Pythium spp. or apple root infection by this pathogen. Application of a low glucosinolate containing B. napus seed meal at a rate of 1.0% (vol/vol) resulted in a significant increase in recovery of Pythium spp. from apple roots, and a corresponding reduction in apple seedling root biomass. When applied at lower rates, B. napus seed meal amendments enhanced populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., but these bacteria were not recovered from soils amended with seed meal at a rate of 2% (vol/vol). Seed meal amendments resulted in increased soil populations of total bacteria and actinomycetes. B. napus cv. Dwarf Essex seed meal amendments were phytotoxic to apple when applied at a rate of 2% (vol/vol), and phytotoxicity was not diminished when planting was delayed for as long as 12 weeks after application. These findings suggest that B. napus seed meal amendments can be a useful tool in the management of apple replant disease and, in the case of Rhizoctonia spp., that disease control operates through mechanisms other than production of glucosinolate hydrolysis products.  相似文献   

Elucidation of the microbial complex having a causal role in the development of apple replant disease in washington   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mazzola M 《Phytopathology》1998,88(9):930-938

ABSTRACT Systematic studies were conducted to elucidate the role of different soil microbial groups in the development of apple replant disease. Populations of targeted microorganisms were reduced by the application of semiselective biocides and soil pasteurization. Bacteria were not implicated in the disease, because application of the antibiotic chloramphenicol reduced soil populations of bacteria but failed to improve growth of apple transplants, while enhanced growth was achieved at pasteurization temperatures that did not alter attributes of the bacterial community recovered from apple roots. Populations of Pratylenchus penetrans were below the damage threshold level in eight of nine orchards surveyed, and nematicide applications failed to enhance apple growth in four of five replant soils tested, indicating that plant parasitic nematodes have a minor role or no role in disease development. Application of the fungicide difenconazole or metalaxyl enhanced growth of apple in all five replant soils, as did fludioxinil in the two soils tested. Soil pasteurization enhanced growth of apple and resulted in specific changes in the composition of the fungal community isolated from the roots of apple seedlings grown in these treated soils. Cylindrocarpon destructans, Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were consistently isolated from symptomatic trees in the field and were pathogenic to apple. However, the composition of the Pythium and Rhizoctonia component and the relative contribution of any one component of this fungal complex to disease development varied among the study orchards. These findings clearly demonstrate that fungi are the dominant causal agents of apple replant disease in Washington state.  相似文献   

Nitrosylhemoglobin as a Potential Bioactive Storage form of Nitric Oxide (NO)     

Pirrone  F.  Albertini  M.  Mazzola  S.  Aldini  G.  Orioli  M.  Carini  M.  Facino  R. Maffei  Clement  M. G. 《Veterinary research communications》2015,29(2):199-202

Veterinary Research Communications -  相似文献   

Benthic microbial indicators of fish farm impact in a coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea     

Tiziana La Rosa  Simone Mirto  Antonio Mazzola  Teresa Luciana Maugeri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):153-167

We studied the impact of organic loads due to the biodeposition of a fish farm in a non-impacted coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean). Sediment chemistry and benthic microbial community were investigated from July 1997 to February 1998 on monthly basis at two stations: one was located under the fish farm, while the second was about 1 km away, and served as a reference site. The presence of the cage induced rapid changes in the benthic conditions: the sediments were rapidly (after 6 weeks) reduced. A significant accumulation of biopolymeric carbon was observed beneath the cage both 2 weeks after the initial cage deployment, on non-impacted sediments, and 5–7 months after, and appeared to be related to the fish farm production cycle. The density of microbial communities beneath the fish farm increased only during the first month of farming activity (July) and partially 7 months after cage disposal (i.e. in January), when there was a significant sediment organic enrichment. Additional evidence of rapid impact of the fish farm on the benthic bacterial communities is provided by the increase in the numbers of autofluorescent microbial cells. The photosynthetic eukaryotic cells displayed a highly reduced contribution to total autofluorescent microbial density, indicating that their decrease is related with biopolymeric carbon accumulation, and probably was due also to “shadow effect” induced by suspended material, coming from the fish farm, on the environment below. We propose here, to apply the ratio of culturable heterotrophic bacteria to microbial direct counts (CFU/MDC) to detect fish farm impact. In cage sediments, organic enrichment and the consequent modification of the characteristics of the benthic environment, determined an increase in aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density indicating that they are efficient colonizers of organic-rich sediments. Densities of Escherichia coli and Enterococci were not significantly higher than in the reference site, and are likely of terrestrial origin. Thus they cannot be used as specific indicators of fish farm impact.  相似文献   

Meristic variation and skeletal anomalies of wild and reared sharpsnout seabream juveniles (Diplodus puntazzo, Cetti 1777) off coastal Sicily, Mediterranean Sea     

Eugenia Favaloro  & Antonio Mazzola 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(7):575-579

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Carbon Monoxide Induced Prevention of Vascular Ristenosis is not Related to Nitric Oxide Activity     

Mazzola  S.  Albertini  M.  Pastore  C.  Pirrone  F.  Clement  M. G. 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(1):177-179

Veterinary Research Communications - Mazzola, S., Albertini, M., Pastore, C., Pirrone, F. and Clement, M.G., 2007. Carbon monoxide induced prevention of vascular ristenosis is not related to nitric...  相似文献   

Role of native soil biology in Brassicaceous seed meal-induced weed suppression     

L. Hoagland  L. Carpenter-Boggs  J.P. Reganold  M. Mazzola 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1689-1697

Biologically based weed control strategies are needed in organic and low-input systems. One promising practice is the application of Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) residue, a byproduct of biodiesel production. When applied as a soil amendment, BSM residue has exhibited potential bioherbicide activity. In this study, tree fruit orchard soils were treated with various BSMs and the impact of Pythium on weed suppression was examined in field and greenhouse studies. Although weed control obtained in response to Brassicaceous residue amendments has been repeatedly attributed solely to release of allelopathic phytochemicals, multiple lines of evidence acquired in these studies indicate the involvement of a microbiological component. Reduced weed emergence and increased weed seedling mortality were not related to BSM glucosinolate content but were correlated with significant increases in resident populations of Pythium spp. in three different orchard soils. Seed meal of Brassica juncea did not amplify resident Pythium populations and did not suppress weed emergence. Application of Glycine max SM did stimulate Pythium spp. populations and likewise suppressed weed emergence. Application of a mefenoxam drench to Pythium-enriched soil significantly reduced weed suppression. These studies indicate that a microbial mechanism is involved in SM-induced weed suppression and that selective enhancement of resident pathogenic Pythium spp. can be utilized for the purpose of weed control.  相似文献   

Characterization of fungi (Fusarium and Rhizoctonia) and oomycetes (Phytophthora and Pythium) associated with apple orchards in South Africa     

Yared Tesfai Tewoldemedhin  Mark Mazzola  Wilhelm J. Botha  Christoffel F. J. Spies  Adéle McLeod 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):215-229

Several species of fungi and oomycetes including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora and Pythium have been reported as root pathogens of apple where they contribute to a phenomenon known as apple replant disease. In South Africa, little is known about specific species in these genera and their pathogenicity toward apple. Therefore, these aspects were investigated along with the development and optimization of qPCR tests for detection and quantification of the most virulent oomycete species. In eight investigated orchards, the oomycete Phythophthora cactorum was widely distributed, while nine Pythium species were differentially distributed among the orchards. Pythium irregulare was the most widely distributed and the most virulent species along with P. sylvaticum, P. vexans and Ph. cactorum. Seven binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (AGs) were also differentially distributed among the orchards, with the majority appearing to be non-pathogenic while certain AG-I and AG-F isolates exhibited low virulence on apple. In the genus Fusarium, F. oxysporum was widely distributed, but isolates were non-pathogenic. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum were less frequently encountered, with only some isolates having low virulence. qPCR data obtained from seedling roots inoculated with the most virulent Pythium species (P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum and P. vexans) and the genus Phytophthora were not always reproducible between trials, or isolates of the same species. In general, seedling growth inhibition was associated with the presence of a low amount of pathogen DNA (±40 fg μl⁻¹ to 2 pg μl⁻¹) in roots. Pythium irregulare, although having the lowest DNA concentrations in roots, was the only species for which a significant negative correlation was found between seedling weight and pathogen DNA concentration.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cylindrocarpon</Emphasis> species associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using real-time PCR     

Yared Tesfai Tewoldemedhin  Mark Mazzola  Lizel Mostert  Adéle McLeod 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):637-651

Cylindrocarpon species are known to be a component of the pathogen/pest complex that incites apple replant disease. In South Africa, no information is available on apple associated Cylindrocarpon species and their pathogenicity. Therefore, these aspects were investigated. Among the isolates recovered from apple roots in South Africa, four species (C. destructans, C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum) were identified using β-tubulin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum on apple trees. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was the most prevalent. Isolates within each of the four species were pathogenic towards apple seedlings, but varied in their virulence. With a single exception, all isolates were able to induce lesion development on seedling roots. Only 57% of the isolates, which represented all four species, were able to cause a significant reduction in seedling weight and/or height. The greatest seedling growth reductions were caused by two isolates of C. destructans, and one isolate each of C. liriodendri and C. macrodidymum. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of all four Cylindrocarpon species. qPCR analyses of Cylindrocarpon from the roots of inoculated seedlings showed that the amount of Cylindrocarpon DNA in roots was not correlated to seedling growth reductions (weight and height) or root rot. The qPCR method is, however, very useful for the rapid identification of apple associated Cylindrocarpon species in roots. The technique may also hold potential for being indicative of Cylindrocarpon disease potential if rhizosphere soil rather than roots are used.  相似文献