Current distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

RW MARTIN  KA HANDASYDE  LF SKERRATT 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(6):411-414

Objective To determine the distribution and prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats, particularly the common wombat ( Vombatus ursinus ).
Design Questionnaire survey in two parts.
Procedure Questionnaires were distributed to biologists, rangers, animal carers and naturalists. Part 1 of the questionnaire aimed to determine the present distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats (103 responses). Part 2 invited respondents to assess the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats over a 3 month period (four responses). Information on wombats from 66 localities was received. Each locality represented an area of about 2500 km².
Results Mange was observed at 93% of localities surveyed and Sarcoptes scabiei was present in common wombats at 52% of localities. Sarcoptic mange was highly prevalent (22%) in two common wombat populations in Victoria. Anecdotal evidence suggested that mange epizootics are sporadic, cause significant morbidity and mortality and have a substantial effect on local abundance. The respondents did not report sarcoptic mange in either northern hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus krefftii ) or southern hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus latifrons ).
Conclusions Sarcoptic mange occurs in common wombat populations throughout the range of the common wombat including Tasmania and Flinders Island. While mange epizootics are sporadic, they have the potential to threaten the long-term survival of small, remnant populations.  相似文献   

Confirmation of spatial patterns and temperature effects in Bluetongue virus serotype-8 transmission in NW-Europe from the 2007 reported case data     

Gert Jan Boender  Thomas J Hagenaars  Armin RW Elbers  J?rn M Gethmann  Estelle Meroc  Helene Guis  Aline A de Koeijer 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

Two separate analyses were carried out to understand the epidemiology of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) in 2007 in North West Europe: First, the temporal change in transmission rates was compared to the evolution of temperature during that season. Second, we evaluated the spatio-temporal dynamics of newly reported outbreaks, to estimate a spatial transmission kernel. For both analyses, the approach as used before in analysing the 2006 BTV-8 epidemic had to be adapted in order to take into account the fact that the 2007 epidemic was not a newly arising epidemic, but one advancing from whereto it had already spread in 2006. We found that within the area already affected by the 2006 outbreak, the pattern of newly infected farms in 2007 cannot be explained by between-farm transmission, but rather by local re-emergence of the virus throughout that region. This indicates that persistence through winter was ubiquitous for BTV-8. Just like in 2006, we also found that the temperature at which the infection starts to spread lies close to 15 °C. Finally, we found that the shape of the transmission kernel is in line with the one from the 2006 epidemic. In conclusion, despite the substantial differences between 2006 and 2007 in temperature patterns (2006 featured a heat wave in July, whereas 2007 was more regular) and spatial epidemic extent, both the minimum temperature required for transmission and the transmission kernel were similar to those estimated for the 2006 outbreak, indicating that they are robust properties, suitable for extrapolation to other years and similar regions.  相似文献   

Spatial Variability of Turbulent Mixing in the Abyssal Ocean   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

KL Polzin  JM Toole  JR Ledwell  RW Schmitt 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5309):93-96

Ocean microstructure data show that turbulent mixing in the deep Brazil Basin of the South Atlantic Ocean is weak at all depths above smooth abyssal plains and the South American Continental Rise. The diapycnal diffusivity there was estimated to be less than or approximately equal to 0.1 x 10(-4) meters squared per second. In contrast, mixing rates are large throughout the water column above the rough Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the diffusivity deduced for the bottom-most 150 meters exceeds 5 x 10(-4) meters squared per second. Such patterns in vertical mixing imply that abyssal circulations have complex spatial structures that are linked to the underlying bathymetry.  相似文献   

Effects of photoperiod on growth, carcass composition, prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in prepubertal and postpubertal Holstein heifers     

S A Zinn  R W Purchas  L T Chapin  D Petitclerc  R A Merkel  W G Bergen  H A Tucker 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(6):1804-1815

Effects of photoperiod on growth, carcass composition and serum concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol were determined in prepubertal and postpubertal Holstein heifers. Forty-two prepubertal (avg body wt 84 +/- 3.0 kg) and 42 postpubertal (avg body wt 303 +/- 7.1 kg) Holstein heifers were utilized. Ten prepubertal and 10 postpubertal heifers were slaughtered before treatment began to obtain initial carcass data. The remaining 32 prepubertal and 32 postpubertal heifers were paired by body weight and randomly assigned to short-day (8 h of light: 16 h of dark) or long-day (16 h of light: 8 h of dark) photoperiods. After exposure to treatments for an average of 139 d, 10 prepubertal and 10 postpubertal heifers from each photoperiod treatment were slaughtered. In prepubertal heifers, photoperiod did not affect (P greater than .10) average daily body weight gain, carcass weight, carcass composition, accretion of carcass fat and carcass protein, or serum concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone or cortisol. However, prepubertal heifers exposed to long-day photoperiods had reduced (P less than .01) urinary N tau-methylhistidine excretion compared with heifers given short-day photoperiods. Postpubertal heifers exposed to short-day photoperiods had greater average body weight daily gain than animals exposed to long-day photoperiods. Although there was no effect of photoperiod (P greater than .10) on carcass or fat depot weights, postpubertal heifers exposed to short days had greater (P = .06) percentages of fat and reduced (P = .07) percentages of protein in the soft tissue of the 9-10-11 rib sections. Fat accretion was greater (P less than .05) in carcasses of postpubertal heifers exposed to short days than heifers given long-day photoperiods, but there was no effect (P greater than .10) of photoperiod on protein accretion. Photoperiod did not affect serum concentrations of growth hormone and cortisol, but serum prolactin tended (P less than .10) to be greater in postpubertal heifers exposed to long days. Under the conditions of this experiment, we conclude that exposure to short-day photoperiods stimulated body weight gain and fat accretion in postpubertal but not prepubertal Holstein heifers.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

RW Mitten 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(6):139-139

ECG Interpretation in Dogs and Cats, Video produced by Provet for the Unit of Veterinary Continuing Education of the Royal Veterinary College  相似文献   

A directed search in the region of GDF8 for quantitative trait loci affecting carcass traits in Texel sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johnson PL  McEwan JC  Dodds KG  Purchas RW  Blair HT 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(9):1988-2000

A directed search for QTL affecting carcass traits was carried out in the region of growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8, also known as myostatin) on ovine chromosome 2 in seven Texel-sired half-sib families totaling 927 progeny. Weights were recorded at birth, weaning, ultrasound scanning, and slaughter. Ultrasonic measures of LM cross-sectional dimensions and s.c. fat above the LM were made, with the same measurements made on the LM after slaughter. Following slaughter, linear measurements of carcass length and width were made on all carcasses, and legs and loins from 540 lambs were dissected. Genotyping was carried out using eight microsatellite markers from FCB128 to RM356 on OAR 2 and analyzed using Haley-Knott regression. There was no evidence for QTL for growth rates or linear carcass traits. There was some evidence for QTL affecting LM dimensions segregating in some sire families, although it was not consistent between ultrasound and carcass measures of the same traits. There was strong and consistent evidence for a QTL affecting muscle and fat traits in the leg that mapped between markers BM81124 and BULGE20 for the four sires that were heterozygous in this region, but not for the three sires that were homozygous. The size of the effect varied across the four sires, ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 of an adjusted SD for weight-adjusted leg muscle traits, and ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 of an adjusted SD for weight-adjusted leg fat traits. The clearest effect shown was for multivariate analysis combining all leg muscle and fat traits analyzed across sires, where the -log(10) probability was 14. Animals carrying the favorable haplotype had 3.3% more muscle and 9.9% less fat in the leg relative to animals carrying other haplotypes. There was evidence for a second peak in the region of marker TEXAN2 for one sire group. It seems that a QTL affecting muscle and fat traits exists within the New Zealand Texel population, and it maps to the region of GDF8 on OAR2.  相似文献   

Serological evidence for the presence of Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava in Australian pigs     

RJ RICHAPPEL  WA ELLIS†  B ADLER‡  L AMON  BD MILLAR§  SS ZHU  RW PRIM§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):119-120

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Timothy Charles Roberts     

RW Gee 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(11):392-392

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A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from africa and the evolution of spinosaurids     

PC Sereno  AL Beck  DB Dutheil  B Gado  HCE Larsson  GH Lyon  JD Marcot  OWM Rauhut  RW Sadleir  CA Sidor  DD Varricchio  GP Wilson  JA Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5392):1298-1302

Fossils discovered in Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) rocks in the Tenere Desert of central Niger provide new information about spinosaurids, a peculiar group of piscivorous theropod dinosaurs. The remains, which represent a new genus and species, reveal the extreme elongation and transverse compression of the spinosaurid snout. The postcranial bones include blade-shaped vertebral spines that form a low sail over the hips. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the enlarged thumb claw and robust forelimb evolved during the Jurassic, before the elongated snout and other fish-eating adaptations in the skull. The close phylogenetic relationship between the new African spinosaurid and Baryonyx from Europe provides evidence of dispersal across the Tethys seaway during the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

Tracking the long-term decline and recovery of an isolated population     

RL Westemeier  JD Brawn  SA Simpson  TL Esker  RW Jansen  JW Walk  EL Kershner  JL Bouzat  KN Paige 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5394):1695-1698

Effects of small population size and reduced genetic variation on the viability of wild animal populations remain controversial. During a 35-year study of a remnant population of greater prairie chickens, population size decreased from 2000 individuals in 1962 to fewer than 50 by 1994. Concurrently, both fitness, as measured by fertility and hatching rates of eggs, and genetic diversity declined significantly. Conservation measures initiated in 1992 with translocations of birds from large, genetically diverse populations restored egg viability. Thus, sufficient genetic resources appear to be critical for maintaining populations of greater prairie chickens.  相似文献