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AIMS: To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO2 in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI).METHODS: Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO2 or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1?mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O2 (PaO2), and CO2 (PaCO2). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined.RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO2, PaCO2 and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p<0.001), but no difference between insufflation groups (p>0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO2>50?mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO2<70?mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO2 group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO2 group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO2 and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO2 group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for abdominal insufflation during laparoscopic AI procedures. 相似文献
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SR Cho SA Ock JG Yoo B Mohana kumar SY Choe GJ Rho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):171-176
The present study was designed to examine the effects of cell-cycle synchronization protocols, such as confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation, in bovine foetal fibroblasts on synchronization accuracy at G0/G1, viability, apoptosis, necrosis and ploidy for use as a nuclei donor. The cells in 5-10 passages were randomly allocated into three treated groups. Cells were cultured either in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) + 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) until 90% confluent (group 1, confluent), in DMEM + 10% FBS + 30 microM roscovitine for 12 h (group 2, roscovitine), or in DMEM + 0.5% FBS for 5 days (group 3, serum starvation). Most of the cells (>80%) in all groups were arrested at the G0/G1 stage. Although the rates did not differ, cells in group 1 showed an increased cell population arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of apoptosis occurred in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (10% vs 6% and 6%, respectively). No differences in chromosomal abnormality were observed among groups. However, by increasing the number of cell culture passages up to 15, significantly (p < 0.05) higher chromosomal abnormality was observed than in 5 and 10 passages (39% vs 28% and 23%, respectively) in group 1. The results clearly indicated that bovine foetal fibroblasts could be effectively synchronized at G0/G1 stages by all the three different treatments, confluent, roscovitine and serum starvation. However, cells in confluent showed reduced apoptosis and necrosis when they underwent 5-10 passages, exhibiting increased percentage of cells with stable chromosome diversity. Hence, cells in confluent merit further studies before they could be used as nuclear donors. 相似文献
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Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group 
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下载免费PDF全文 CJ Secombe SR Bailey MA de Laat KJ Hughes AJ Stewart JM Sonis RHH Tan 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(7):233-242
The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the current knowledge and opinions about the epidemiology, clinical findings (including sequelae), diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, particularly in the Australian context. This information and the recommendations provided will assist practitioners in making informed decisions regarding the diagnosis and management of this disorder. 相似文献
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At the Millbuie Lodgepole pine intensive provenance plots incrementborings were extracted at similar fractional heights in treesof a central Interior and a southern Coastal provenance andthe properties of the same five growth-rings were compared.Scanning microphotometry was used to measure ring width, percent earlywood, and earlywood density. Tracheid length and width,nominal density, and latewood density were also determined.For each of these wood properties significant differences werefound between the average values for the two provenances. Inthe Coastal provenance nominal density was about 20 per centhigher than in the Interior provenance, the incidence of compressionwood was much higher, but tracheid length was about 20 per centshorter. The probable effects of these results on the propertiesof sawn timber and pulp are discussed. Average tree heightsand diameters were similar, and the earlier growth of the treeswas analysed. The relation between nominal density and ringwidth (vigour) was investigated, and a low correlation (r2 of0·054 and 0·17) was found between the two quantities.Furthermore the regression lines show density decreasing slowlywith increased ring width. Both these results are in contrastwith published results for Sitka spruce. 相似文献
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Factors Influencing Stem Breakage of Conifers in High Winds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Conifer stems of paraboloidal form are taken to bend along curvesproducing uniform strain in the outer wood. The total appliedbending moment arising from the displacement of the weightsof the stem and crown and from wind drag is compared with theresistive bending moment caused by the elasticity of the wood.Variation of wind speed within the canopy and vertical distributionof crown weight are taken into account. The top half of thecrown contributes most of the moment applied by wind drag. Criticalwind speeds are obtained for trees of various heights, tapersand crown weight/stem weight ratios. Critical tree heights arein keeping with those predicted by the Windthrow Hazard Classification.Trees of low taper are most liable to break. 相似文献
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