A framework for evaluation of on-farm mastitis diagnostics in Australia     

RN Zadoks  E Scholz  SM Rowe  JM Norris  HB Pooley  J House 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):142-152

Numerous culture-based diagnostics are available on the Australian and international markets for on-farm detection of bacterial pathogens in milk. Use of such diagnostics may provide an opportunity to improve the prudent use of antimicrobials in udder health management. Farms are low-resource settings in terms of diagnostic microbiology capacity. The World Health Organisation has identified criteria for the evaluation of diagnostic tests in low resource settings based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, User-friendliness, being Rapid or Robust, Equipment-free and being Deliverable (ASSURED). Here, we review how those criteria can be interpreted in the context of microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, and how on-farm diagnostics that are currently available in Australia perform relative to ASSURED criteria. This evaluation identifies multiple trade-offs, both with regard to scientific criteria and with regards to convenience criteria. More importantly, the purpose of testing may differ between farms, and test performance should be evaluated relative to its intended use. The ability of on-farm mastitis diagnostics to inform mastitis treatment decision-making in a timely and cost-effective manner depends not just on test characteristics but also on farm-specific pathogen prevalence, and on the farm enterprise's priorities and the farm manager's potential courses of action. With most assay evaluations to date conducted in professional laboratories, there is a surprising dearth of information on how well any of the diagnostic tests perform on-farm and, indeed, of the on-farm decision-making processes that they aim to inform.  相似文献   

苏云金芽胞杆菌新菌株的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建洪  万秋英  王沫  姜锡权  喻子牛 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,26(5):363-365

为筛选对昆虫有高力的苏云金芽胞杆菌特异性菌株,从韩国不同地区土壤中筛选出两株对鳞翅目和双翅目昆虫具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株K9805和K9903,它们分属于苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种和鲇泽亚种,形成典型的双金字塔型伴胞晶体,两菌株不但对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾具有较高的生命活性,而且对双翅目昆虫致倦库蚊有毒。K9805含有cry IAa,cy IAb,cry IC,cry ID和cry I基因,K9903含有cry IAa,cry IAb,cry IAc,cry IE和cry Ⅱ基因。  相似文献   

韩国土壤中苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的分离和鉴定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李建洪  万秋英  王沫  姜锡权  喻子牛 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,26(4):293-295

从韩国不同地区采集的６２０个土壤样品中分离出６７株苏云金芽孢杆菌,分属于１０种不同的血清型,毒力测定结果表明,在６７株分离株中,３５．８２％的菌株对鳞翅目昆虫具有生物活性,２２．３９％的菌株对双翅目昆虫有毒,３２．８４％的菌株对鳞翅目和双翅目昆虫都具有杀虫活性,８．９５％的菌株为没有杀虫活性的无毒菌株,其中对鳞翅目昆虫有毒的菌株产生典型双金字塔形伴孢晶体对双翅目昆虫有毒的菌株和无毒菌株都产生球形伴  相似文献   

Micro-computed tomography evaluation and pathological analyses of female rats with collagen-induced arthritis     

Young Hee Kim  Jin Seok Kang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):165-171

Imaging techniques have been introduced to assess the efficacy and toxicity of developing pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and to compare the results with data from conventional pathological examination. Arthritis was induced by collagen in 24 female Wistar rats. Micro-CT and pathological analyses were performed to assess arthritis progression. Micro-CT analysis showed marked joint destruction occurring in a time-dependent manner following collagen administration. Bone volume was significantly decreased in the tibia at weeks 3 and 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Additionally, percent bone volume was significantly reduced in the tibia at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). In contrast, bone surface/bone volume and trabecular separation were significantly increased in the tibia of the animals at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). Severe joint destruction with extensive inflammation, erosion of cartilage and bone, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the knee joints of the collagen-treated rats. Taken together, micro-CT made it possible to quantify CIA lesions and should be performed with pathological examination in rats.  相似文献   

Soybean mosaic virus Helper Component-Protease Alters Leaf Morphology and Reduces Seed Production in Transgenic Soybean Plants     

Lim HS  Ko TS  Hobbs HA  Lambert KN  Yu JM  McCoppin NK  Korban SS  Hartman GL  Domier LL 《Phytopathology》2007,97(3):366-372

ABSTRACT Transgenic soybean (Glycine max) plants expressing Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) helper component-protease (HC-Pro) showed altered vegetative and reproductive phenotypes and responses to SMV infection. When inoculated with SMV, transgenic plants expressing the lowest level of HC-Pro mRNA and those transformed with the vector alone initially showed mild SMV symptoms. Plants that accumulated the highest level of SMV HC-Pro mRNA showed very severe SMV symptoms initially, but after 2 weeks symptoms disappeared, and SMV titers were greatly reduced. Analysis of SMV RNA abundance over time with region-specific probes showed that the HC-Pro region of the SMV genome was degraded before the coat protein region. Transgenic soybean plants that expressed SMV HC-Pro showed dose-dependent alterations in unifoliate leaf morphologies and seed production where plants expressing the highest levels of HC-Pro had the most deformed leaves and the lowest seed production. Accumulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs putatively targeted by miRNAs was analyzed in leaves and flowers of healthy, HC-Pro-transgenic, and SMV-infected plants. Neither expression of SMV HC-Pro nor SMV infection produced greater than twofold changes in accumulation of six miRNAs. In contrast, SMV infection was associated with twofold or greater increases in the accumulation of four of seven miRNA-targeted mRNAs tested.  相似文献   

Development of a multiplex PCR assay to detect Edwardsiella tarda,Streptococcus parauberis,and Streptococcus iniae in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)     

Seong Bin Park  Kyoung Kwon  In Seok Cha  Ho Bin Jang  Seong Won Nho  Fernand F. Fagutao  Young Kyu Kim  Jong Earn Yu  Tae Sung Jung 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(1):163-166

A multiplex PCR protocol was established to simultaneously detect major bacterial pathogens in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) including Edwardsiella (E.) tarda, Streptococcus (S.) parauberis, and S. iniae. The PCR assay was able to detect 0.01 ng of E. tarda, 0.1 ng of S. parauberis, and 1 ng of S. iniae genomic DNA. Furthermore, this technique was found to have high specificity when tested with related bacterial species. This method represents a cheaper, faster, and reliable alternative for identifying major bacterial pathogens in olive flounder, the most important farmed fish in Korea.  相似文献   

Selection of Tolerant Plants and Their Arrangement to Restore a Forest Ecosystem Damaged by Air Pollution     

Chang Seok Lee  Kyu Song Lee  Jun Kwon Hwangbo  Young Han You  Joon Ho Kim 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,156(1):251-273

Plants tolerant to polluted environments were selected, based on several criteria, to restore a coastal forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollutants discharged from an industrial complex. In addition, a restoration plan was prepared synthesizing these results and the diagnostic ecological indicators in the area for which restoration is required. Pollution-tolerant plants of 11 tree and subtree species, 10 herb species and one shrub species were selected from field surveys in the vicinity of two representative industrial complexes in Korea, Ulsan and Yeocheon. Nine species were selected for tolerance to SO₂ fumigation and six species were selected for tolerance to Al³⁺. Growth and photosynthetic responses of sample plants transplanted into polluted and unpolluted sites showed that 15 species out of the 26 sample plants showed a disposition for tolerance. Most of these are endemic plants and they are composed of diverse species in structure and function. This result implies that these tolerant species could play important roles in the restoration of the study area, which has several specific features. On the other hand, results from transplant tests indicate that a field survey is the most reasonable method for selection of tolerant plants to restore a pollution-damaged ecosystem, as was shown in another restoration program. Results of ecological analysis on vegetation map indicate that the spatial range within the first ridge is the sector for which restoration is required. This sector was classified into four zones on the basis of topographic conditions: lower and upper slopes of both slopes facing and opposite the pollution source. Guidelines for soil amelioration and arrangement of tolerant plants were prepared considering the degree of vegetation degradation, leaf damage of major plant species and soil pollution in each zone under the restoration plan.  相似文献   

Synthesis of zeolite as ordered multicrystal arrays     

Lee JS  Lee YJ  Tae EL  Park YS  Yoon KB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):818-821

Zeolites are crystalline nanoporous aluminosilicates widely used in industry. In order for zeolites to find applications as innovative materials, they need to be organized into large two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) arrays. We report that uniformly aligned polyurethane films can serve as templates for the synthesis of uniformly aligned 2D and possibly 3D arrays of silicalite-1 crystals, in which the orientations of the crystals are controlled by the nature of the polymers. We propose that the supramolecularly organized organic-inorganic composites that consist of the hydrolyzed organic products and the seed crystals are responsible for this phenomenon.  相似文献   

Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nam SH  Choi SP  Kang MY  Kozukue N  Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(3):816-822

Ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) extracts from rice brans removed from seeds of two blackish-purple pigmented (Sanhaehyanghyulla and Suwon 415) and one nonpigmented (Chuchung) brown rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anticarcinogenic activities in chemical assays and in mammalian cells (human leukemia HL-60, marmoset B lymphoblastoid B95-8, and Chinese hamster V79 lung cells) by the following tests: inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity; chelation of ferrous ions; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; scavenging of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular peroxides; inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide-induced mutagenesis; and inhibition of phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion. The extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had generally higher activities in all tests than did the extract from the nonpigmented variety. The results suggest that brans from pigmented rice varieties may provide a source of new natural antioxidants and anticarcinogens and that such rice cultivars with high antioxidative potential also provide a genetic resource for the development of new, improved rice cultivars that may make it possible to enhance both the nutritional and medical value of rice-based diets.  相似文献   

Biotechnological production of highly soluble daidzein glycosides using Thermotoga maritima maltosyltransferase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li D  Park JH  Park JT  Park CS  Park KH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2561-2567

The use of soybean isoflavones in food products is limited due to their low hydrophilicity. To enhance its solubility, the isoflavone daidzin was transglycosylated as a model compound using Thermotoga maritima maltosyltransferase (MTase). Four novel transglycosylation products of daidzin were identified by TLC and MALDI-TOF MS: daidzein 7-O-triglucoside, daidzein 7-O-pentaglucoside, daidzein 7-O-heptaglucoside, and daidzein 7-O-nonaglucoside. The major product, daidzein 7-O-triglucoside, was purified by C(18) and gel filtration chromatography, and its molecular structure was determined using UV, IR, MALDI-TOF MS, and NMR. The solubility of daidzein 7-O-triglucoside was 7.5 x 10(4) times that of daidzin, suggesting that the transglycosylation greatly enhanced its water solubility.  相似文献