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1.
ABSTRACT: An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Atsushi KIMURA Yo-Han KIM Kazuyoshi HASHIZUME Akira ITO Katsuyuki MUKAI Keiichiro KIZAKI Shigeru SATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):829
We investigated the effect of oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin (β-CRX) on its serum concentration and peripheral neutrophil functions by the chemiluminescence (CL) response in Holstein cattle. A single oral administration of β-CRX was performed for serum β-CRX concentration (0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and for peak CL response of peripheral neutrophils (0.2 mg/kg BW). The serum β-CRX concentration was peaked on 2 days after, similar to peak CL response on 3 days after β-CRX administration. Therefore, a single oral administration of β-CRX (0.2 mg/kg BW) induces higher serum concentration and concurrently enhances bactericidal ability of peripheral neutrophils in Holstein cattle. 相似文献
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Akihito TAKAHASHI Ajalli RAHIM Miki TAKEUCHI Emiko FUKUI Midori YOSHIZAWA Kuniaki MUKAI Makoto SUEMATSU Hidetoshi HASUWA Masaru OKABE Hiromichi MATSUMOTO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):43-49
Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (Tinagl1, also known as adrenocortical zonation factor 1 [AZ-1]
or lipocalin 7) is a matricellular protein. Previously, we demonstrated that Tinagl1 expression was restricted
to extraembryonic regions during the postimplantation period and detected marked expression in mouse
Reichert’s membranes. In uteri, Tinagl1 is markedly expressed in the decidual endometrium during the
postimplantation period, suggesting that it plays a physical and physiological role in embryo development
and/or decidualization of the uterine endometrium during pregnancy. In the present study, in order to
determine the role of Tinagl1 during embryonic development and pregnancy, we generated
Tinagl1-deficient mice. Although Tinagl1–/– embryos were not
lethal during development to term, homologous matings of Tinagl1–/– females and
Tinagl1–/– males showed impaired fertility during pregnancy, including failure
to carry pregnancy to term and perinatal lethality. To examine ovarian function, ovulation was induced with
equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); the number of ovulated oocytes did
not differ between Tinagl1–/– and Tinagl1flox/flox.
In vitro fertilization followed by embryo culture also demonstrated the normal
developmental potential of Tinagl1-null embryos during the preimplantation period. Our
results demonstrate that Tinagl1 deficiency affects female mice and results in subfertility phenotypes, and
they suggest that although the potential of Tinagl1–/– oocytes is normal, Tinagl1
is related to fertility in adult females but is not essential for either fertilization or preimplantation
development in vitro. 相似文献
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5.
Gene dropping analysis of founder contributions in a closed Japanese black cattle population 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takeshi HONDA Tetsuro NOMURA Moriyuki FUKUSHIMA Fumio MUKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(2):105-111
Gene dropping simulation was applied to Japanese Black cattle population in Hyogo prefecture, to examine the survivals of alleles originated from founder animals. In the analysis, unique alleles were assigned to founders, and the genotypes of all descendants along the actual pedigree were generated through Monte Carlo simulation following Mendelian segregation rules. By replicating this process 10 000 times, the distribution of frequencies of alleles from each founder was estimated. From the distribution, several quantities useful for the management of genetic diversity, such as the probability of allele extinction and the probability of alleles surviving at a critically low frequency were derived. The materials used were 68 781 animals born in 1955–1998 and their pedigree records traced back to the population in 1937 or before. The expected number of alleles retained in the population drastically decreased during the analyzed period, and reached to 57.9 in the population of 1998, which was only 3.3% of the total number of alleles assigned to founders. Detailed analysis of major founders with relatively high genetic contributions to the current population revealed that alleles from most of the major founders are now at high risk of future extinction. These results strongly suggest that for the management of genetic diversity, the genetic contributions of founders are not fully informative, and emphasize the importance of the detection of live animals having founder alleles with high extinction possibilities. 相似文献
6.
HIROMICHI MITAMURA NOBUAKI ARAI WATARU SAKAMOTO YASUSHI MITSUNAGA TETSUYA MARUO YUKINORI MUKAI KENJI NAKAMURA MASATO SASAKI YOSHIHIRO YONEDA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(6):1189-1196
ABSTRACT: The black rockfish Sebastes inermis is one of the most important fishery species along the coast from southern Hokkaido to Kyushu, Japan and is often found in rocks and Zostera areas. We conducted biotelemetry using coded ultrasonic transmitters to clarify the movement of the black rockfish that inhabited the seawall of the Kansai International Airport. We released 25 black rockfish at two points. One was the airport seawall and the other was side shallows off the Sensyu district. Seventeen black rockfish returned to their capture site after release. We used the V -test to determine whether the direction of movement was random or orientated. The black rockfish moved at random along the seawall within some hours after release ( P > 0.05). Four hours after release, they moved to their home site intentionally ( P < 0.0025). 相似文献
7.
Kazuhiro HARA Hideki WATABE Shinji SASAZAKI Fumio MUKAI Hideyuki MANNEN 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):152-157
This study describes the development of efficient single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for individual identification and parentage tests in a Japanese Black cattle population. An amplified fragment length polymorphism method was employed to detect informative candidate markers, and yielded 44 SNP markers from 220 primer combinations. 29 unlinked SNPs were finally selected as diagnostic markers. The allelic frequencies for each marker were estimated by using PCR‐RFLP in the Japanese Black population. Based on the frequency data, the estimated identity power of these markers was 2.73 × 10?12. Parentage exclusion probabilities, when both suspected parents' genotypes were known and when only one suspected parent was genotyped, were estimated as 0.96929 and 0.99693, respectively. This panel of SNP markers is theoretically sufficient for individual identification, and would also be a powerful tool for a parentage test in Japanese Black cattle. The markers could contribute to the management of the beef industry in Japan. 相似文献
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Hideki OHSAKI Atsuko TANAKA Shogo HOASHI Shinji SASAZAKI Kenji OYAMA Masaaki TANIGUCHI Fumio MUKAI Hideyuki MANNEN 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):225-232
Fatty acid composition of beef adipose tissue is one of important traits because high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor and tenderness. In this study, we investigated effects of genetic factors such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) on beef carcass traits including fatty acid composition using two cattle populations. Sire effect was significantly related to almost all traits except BMS, suggesting that the trait examined in this study is highly controlled by genetic factors. The effect of SCD genotype on fatty acid composition was detected remarkably in both cattle groups, especially on stearic and oleic acids. This result was consistent with our previous studies and suggests that SCD is associated with fatty acid composition. Unlike SCD genotyping, the effect of SREBP genotype was not identified in this study. Our results suggested that SCD genotype would contribute to improving beef quality in field populations. Further studies about the relationship among these factors will bring an insight into the molecular mechanism of fatty acid metabolism in cattle. 相似文献
10.
Tetsuro NOMURA Shigeki YAMAGUCHI Fumio MUKAI Aya YAMAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):435-443
Minimum coancestry mating (MC) is a simple mating system to reduce inbreeding in populations, in which matings are allocated so as to minimize the average inbreeding coefficient of progeny. This system was compared with random mating (RM) in simulated broiler lines. The population structure and genetic parameters were determined on the basis of an existing broiler line. Comparison of mating systems was made under two selection methods. The first method (DIS) was based on selection index for achieving desired genetic gains. In the second method (LPS), a combination of the family index and linear programming technique was applied to obtain the desired genetic gains. The selected traits were body weight at 6 weeks of both sexes and age at sexual maturity of hen. Four schemes by all the possible combinations of selection and mating methods (DIS + RM, DIS + MC, LPS + RM and LPS + MC) were compared in terms of genetic gains and inbreeding during 15 generations of selection and mating. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (i) the four schemes produced similar genetic gains averaged over replicates; (ii) the variations of genetic gains under LPS + RM and LPS + MC schemes were much smaller than under DIS + RM and DIS + MC schemes; (iii) irrespective of the selection methods, MC reduced the average inbreeding coefficients to about 80% of RM and; (iv) the inbreeding coefficients of individuals in the schemes with RM were distributed in a wide range, while the inbreeding coefficients in the schemes with MC showed a high uniformity. From these results, the LPS + MC scheme was recommended as a selection and mating strategy in closed broiler lines. 相似文献