Effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitor-induced insulin resistance on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats     

YANG Gang-yi  LI Ling  Peter Chung  Gangther Boden 《园艺学报》2003,19(7):875-880

AIM:To investigate the effects of milrinone (a selective phosphdiesterase III inhibitor PDE₃) on insulin secretion, blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and dose-response relationship, and assess possible effects of milrinone on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in conscious rats.METHODS:The catheterized nonstressed rats were administered by the varying doses of milrinone (1, 5, 25 μmol/kg) and were compared with controls. A hyperinsulinaemic- euglycaemic clamp was established in awake rats, and milrinone(25 μmol/kg) and 25% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, as a control) were given at 120 min during hyperinsulinaemic- euglycaemic clamp. Glucose turnover was decided by gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS).RESULTS:After dosing, plasma FFA levels in 3 milrinone groups significantly increased compared with the controls and before dosing. The percentages of elevation of FFA by the different milrinone doses were very similar, 50%, 52%, 55% for 1, 5, 25 μmol/kg respectively at 2 min after dosing. Plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated in the 5 and 25 μmol/kg groups, and the effect of milrinone on glucose concentration was detectable only 25 μmol/kg group. During hyperinsulinaemic clamp, there were significant increase in plasma FFA (from 173.1±15.2 to 633.8±87.3 μEq/L) and hepatic glucose production (HGP), and a significant decrease in glucose infusion rates (GIR) (to about 21%).CONCLUSION:These data suggest that milrinone impaires the abilities of insulin to suppress lipolysis and HGP, and insulin-mediated glucose utilization in peripheral tissue. Therefore, milrinone administration may induce an acute insulin resistancein vivo.  相似文献   

Risk factors for Thoroughbred racehorse fatality in jump starts in Victoria, Australia (1989-2004)     

Boden LA  Anderson GA  Charles JA  Morgan KL  Morton JM  Parkin TD  Clarke AF  Slocombe RF 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(5):422-428

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The risk of fatality is greater in jump than in flat racing in Victoria, Australia. This is the first study to identify risk factors specific to jump starts in Victoria. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for fatality of Thoroughbred racehorses in jump starts on all racecourses in Victoria, Australia between 1989 and 2004. METHODS: Fatalities comprised all horses that died during or immediately after a jump (hurdle or steeplechase) race or official jump trial and all horses that were subjected to euthanasia within 24 h of an event in which an injury was sustained. The retrospective study involved 191 case starts and 2324 control starts. Univariable and multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for fatality at any one start. A multiple level model was used with racecourse included as a random effect. RESULTS: In the final multivariable model, the duration of the racing career of the horse, the number of flat, hurdle and steeple starts accumulated in the 60 days prior to the case or control start, the number of flat and jump starts accumulated over the racing career, if the horse had had a start between 1 and 14 days prior to the case or control start, the type of jump race (hurdle or steeple), the calendar year of the start and the location of the racecourse were associated with fatality. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need to investigate further the differences between hurdle and steeplechase events and the adverse effect of prolonged prior flat racing careers on the risk of fatality in jump starts. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This is the first study to examine risk factors for fatality in jump starts in Victoria. The results should shape the development of interventions to reduce the risk in jump starts in the future.  相似文献   

p53- and drug-induced apoptotic responses mediated by BH3-only proteins puma and noxa     

Villunger A  Michalak EM  Coultas L  Müllauer F  Böck G  Ausserlechner MJ  Adams JM  Strasser A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5647):1036-1038

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High Insulin Tolerance in an Inbred Strain of Mice     

Chase HB  Gunther MS  Miller J  Wolffson D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,107(2777):297-299

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Persistence of residues of the insecticide phosphamidon on and in oranges, lemons, and grapefruit, and on and in orange leaves and in dried citrus pulp cattle feed     

W E Westlake  M Ittig  D E Ott  F A Gunther 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1973,21(5):846-850

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THE DESIGN OF A NEW HIGH RATE NITRIFICATION FILTER FOR AQUACULTURE WATER REUSE     

D. E. Brune  D. C. Gunther 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1981,12(1):20-31

A new design in a high rate nitrification system has been tested at the laboratory scale. Ammonia removal rates per unit of filter volume at influent ammonia levels of 0.02 mg NH₃-N were observed to be 5 to 10 times more rapid than rates observed in conventional field-scale nitrification filters. At these levels 95 to 99% ammonia removal has been achieved with filter detention times as short as 3 minutes. The data are compared to data for various field units and the reasons for the observed high removal rates are discussed. The possibility of retaining these high efficiencies in scaled-up filters is also discussed.  相似文献   

Editorial: Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: New Treatment Choices for the New Millennium?     

Young L  van Loon G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):631-632

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Sudden death in racing Thoroughbreds in Victoria, Australia     

Boden LA  Charles JA  Slocombe RF  Sandy JR  Finnin PJ  Morton JM  Clarke AF 《Equine veterinary journal》2005,37(3):269-271

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The use of heavy cobalt oxide pellets in the prevention of unthriftiness in lambs in Yorkshire     

W A Watson  S M Boden  A W Stobbs  A Rutherford 《The Veterinary record》1966,79(10):276-280

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Left abomasal displacement between the uterus and rumen during bovine twin pregnancy     

Bart Pardon  Geert Vertenten  Pieter Cornillie  Stijn Schauvliege  Frank Gasthuys  Gunther van Loon  Piet Deprez 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(4):437-440

Here, we describe two cases of left displaced abomasum (LDA) in Holstein cattle at 6 and 9 months of twin gestation. Clinical examination revealed signs of proximal ileus with marked abdominal distension, but no ping sounds. An unusually high position of the gravid uterine horn on the left side was observed with ultrasound. Left exploratory laparotomy confirmed that the abomasum was displaced to the left and entrapped between the rumen and twin gravid uterine horn. A left surgical approach was necessary to correct the condition. Both animals recovered and gave birth to healthy twins. The present cases indicate that the subomental position of a heavy twin gravid uterine horn is a possible mechanical cause of LDA.  相似文献