Concentrations of isoflavones and their metabolites in the blood of pregnant and non-pregnant heifers fed soy bean     

Woclawek-Potocka I  Piskula MK  Bah M  Siemieniuch MJ  Korzekwa A  Brzezicka E  Skarzynski DJ 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(5):358-363

The present study compared the changes in isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) and their metabolite (equol and para-ethyl-phenol) concentrations in the blood plasma of cyclic and pregnant heifers after feeding with soy bean. Twelve healthy heifers were divided into three groups: cyclic heifers (days 8-12 of the estrous cycle; control group; n=4), an early pregnancy group (2 months pregnant; n=4) and a late pregnancy group (8 months pregnant; n=4). All heifers were fed a single dose of 2.5 kg of soy bean and then blood samples were taken from the jugular vein for 8 h at predetermined intervals. The concentrations of soy bean-derived isoflavones and their active metabolites were measured in the blood plasma on an HPLC system. In the blood plasma of the early- and late-pregnant heifers, we found lower concentrations and time-dependent decreases in daidzein and genistein in comparison to cyclic heifers (P<0.05). Moreover, we noticed significant increases of equol and para-ethyl-phenol in the blood plasma of the early-pregnant heifers (P<0.05). In contrast, in the blood plasma of the late-pregnant heifers, we did not find an increase in the isoflavone metabolite concentrations compared with the early-pregnant heifers (P>0.05). In conclusion, physiological status (cyclicity or pregnancy) of the females influenced the concentrations of isoflavone metabolites in the blood plasma of the heifers. The stage of pregnancy affects isoflavone absorption, biotransformation and metabolism differently and results in higher concentrations of active metabolites of isoflavones during early pregnancy in comparison to their lower concentrations during late pregnancy. Therefore, we surmise that cows are more sensitive to active isoflavone metabolite actions during early pregnancy than cyclic heifers and heifers in late pregnancy.  相似文献   

Chlorogenic acid,a metabolite identified by untargeted metabolome analysis in resistant tomatoes,inhibits the colonization by Alternaria alternata by inhibiting alternariol biosynthesis     

Edyta Wojciechowska  Christoph H. Weinert  Björn Egert  Bernhard Trierweiler  Markus Schmidt-Heydt  Bernd Horneburg  Simone Graeff-Hönninger  Sabine E. Kulling  Rolf Geisen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):735-747

Tomato fruits can be contaminated by saprophytic strains of Alternaria alternata which is the reason for the frequent occurrence of Alternaria toxins like alternariol, alternariol monomethylether or tenuazonic acid in these types of products. It was shown earlier that alternariol is a colonization factor for tomatoes. In the current analysis two different tomato genotypes were analysed by untargeted comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). This analysis revealed clear differences in the metabolic profiles which were paralleled by differences in resistance towards Alternaria colonization. One of the genotypes was more resistant against A. alternata infection and contained high amounts of chlorogenic acid in contrast to the other genotype which was sensitive against infection. In in vitro analysis, chlorogenic acid reduced alternariol biosynthesis during the first days of growth of A. alternata. Expression analysis of the alternariol polyketide synthase gene, a key gene in the biosynthesis of alternariol, also revealed a temporal reduction in its expression in the first phases of growth. However by chromatographic analysis it could be demonstrated that chlorogenic acid was degraded over time. This degradation leads to a relief of inhibition resulting in an only temporal inhibition of alternariol biosynthesis. In vivo colonization experiments revealed that chlorogenic acid reduces colonization of tomatoes by A. alternata in a concentration dependent manner, which however is partly counteracted by the addition of alterariol.  相似文献   

Application of white mustard and oats in the phytostabilisation of soil contaminated with cadmium with the addition of cellulose and urea     

Boros-Lajszner  Edyta  Wyszkowska  Jadwiga  Kucharski  Jan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(2):931-942

Purpose

Determination of the effectiveness of white mustard and oats in immobilising cadmium as a soil contaminant and determining the role of cellulose and urea in restoring homeostasis in soil under pressure from Cd²⁺.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were contaminated with cadmium (CdCl₂·2¹/₂H₂O) at 0, 4, 8 and 16 mg Cd²⁺ kg^?1. In order to reduce the negative impact of Cd²⁺, cellulose was introduced to the soil at the following rates: 0 and 15 g kg^?1 and urea at 80 and 160 mg N kg^?1. The yield of the above-ground parts and roots was determined on days 40 and 80 of the experiment, along with the cadmium content in the plant material. The enzyme activity was also determined, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined on the day of the oats’ (aftercrop) harvest.

Results and discussion

Contamination of soil with Cd²⁺ at 4 to 16 mg kg^?1 d.m. of soil reduced the yield of white mustard and oats. The tolerance index (TI) values indicate that oats (aftercrop) is more tolerant than white mustard of soil contamination with Cd²⁺. Cadmium accumulated more intensely in roots compared with the above-ground parts of the plants. The translocation index (TF) indicates smaller Cd²⁺ translocation from roots to above-ground parts, as it was below 1 in both plants. An addition of cellulose and nitrogen offsets the adverse impact of cadmium on plants. Arylsulphatase was the most sensitive to soil contamination with Cd²⁺, followed by dehydrogenases, catalase, β-glucosidase and urease, and alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were the least sensitive. Contamination of soil with Cd²⁺ changed its physical and chemical properties only slightly.

Conclusions

White mustard and oats have phytostabilisation potential with respect to soil contaminated with cadmium. Cellulose introduced to the soil and fertilisation with urea alleviated the negative impact of cadmium on the growth and development of plants.

  相似文献   

Evaluation of a questionnaire regarding nonphysical aspects of quality of life in sick and healthy dogs     

Wojciechowska JI  Hewson CJ  Stryhn H  Guy NC  Patronek GJ  Timmons V 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(8):1461-1467

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a questionnaire regarding the nonphysical aspects of quality of life (QOL) to differentiate sick and healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 120 dogs. PROCEDURE: The questionnaire was administered by telephone to owners of 120 dogs with appointments at a veterinary teaching hospital. A QOL score was calculated for each dog on the basis of questions relevant to the dog during the 7 days before the interview. Scores were recorded as bar graphs, and linear regression was used to examine the effect of health status and other variables on QOL score. Certain questions were eliminated post hoc, on the basis of defined criteria, and the analyses were repeated. RESULTS: Scores were similar for sick (range, 670% to 93.8%) and healthy (range, 68.0% to 89.8%) dogs. Environment (suburban vs rural) and duration of ownership were significant explanatory variables and accounted for 10.5% of the variation in the QOL score. Eleven questions were eliminated post hoc. The scores derived from the 2 versions of the questionnaire were highly correlated (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There was no evidence that the QOL questionnaire could differentiate healthy dogs from sick dogs; environmental and owner factors appeared to be more important.  相似文献   

Characterization of Erwinia amylovora Strains from Croatia     

Edyta Halupecki  Carlo Bazzi  Susanne Jock  Klaus Geider  Damir Đermić  Bogdan Cvjetković 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):435-440

Erwinia amylovora is the causative agent of fire blight, a destructive disease of rosaceous plants. The European population can be divided into several subtypes according to differences in restriction fragment length polymorphism of the XbaI genomic DNA digest analysed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This technique was also used to determine the genetic relatedness of six Croatian isolates to the E. amylovora types found in the countries surrounding Croatia. The isolates belong to the Pt2 pattern type that is characteristic of the East Mediterranean basin. All tested isolates gave essentially the same total cell protein pattern in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of short-sequence DNA repeats in plasmid pEA29 of six isolates was determined by PCR assays and ranged from four to seven. The isolates examined showed high pathogenicity in immature pear fruits. Differences were also revealed in microbiological assays such as amylovoran synthesis, levan formation, siderophore production and colour on coliform medium.  相似文献   

Dependence of the lactation duration and efficiency on the season of lambing in relation to the prolactin and melatonin secretion in ewes     

Edyta Molik  Tomasz Misztal  Katarzyna Romanowicz  Edward Wierzcho 《Livestock Science》2007,107(2-3):220-226

Changes in day length and the related secretion of melatonin and prolactin are of particular significance in sheep, as they determine reproductive processes, the last stage of which is lactation. The aim of the present study was to examine the dependence of the lactation duration and efficiency on the season of lambing (January—Group I/June—Group II) in relation to the hormonal status of milking ewes (Polish Longwool). The possibility of artificial extension of the milking period in late-lambing ewes by application of prolonged day length, 16 h of light–8 h of darkness (16L:8D), was introduced additionally (Group III). Measurements of plasma levels of prolactin and melatonin were used as parameters of season-dependent hormonal regulation of milk production in this seasonally breeding species. Although during the first 28 days of lactation sheep of all groups produced similar amounts of milk (based on the weight gains of the lambs), our results clearly showed that during the period of machine milking (from weaning at 56 day to the dry period) the level of milk production in Group I was almost twice that noted in Group II. Thus, the highest milk yield was obtained from sheep during the period when the days became longer, i.e. from March to May, which was accompanied by an increase in prolactin secretion. In both groups, melatonin secretion was found to increase while milk performance parameters and prolactin secretion decreased during the shortening photoperiod. The sustained decreases in milk production and prolactin secretion were also observed during the autumn months in sheep from Group III, despite the low level of melatonin. The present study showed that time of lambing and related photoperiod length could significantly affect the milk production of sheep that have a clear season of sexual activity. Maintenance of June-lambing sheep under the 16L:8D regime failed to extend the high prolactin level and lactation considerably into the autumn months. The spontaneous decrease in prolactin secretion observed under the long artificial photoperiod indicated for a development of refractoriness, which could also limit the lactation period.  相似文献   

The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). II. Fertilization and early post-fertilization developments     

Barbara Wojciechowska  Wouter Lange 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):287-297

Summary Fertilization and early seed development was studied in the variety Chinese Spring of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after pollination with rye (Secale cereale L.) and selfing, and in the common wheat variety Hope after selfing. In all three combinations the first pollen tube reached the micropyle in about 40 min after pollination. When pollinated with rye the migration of the sperm nuclei to the egg cell and the polar nuclei was delayed by about an hour. In the subsequent development until 72 hours after pollination the average cellular and nuclear doubling times of embryo and endosperm were about 16 and 8 hours for the interspecific combination. 18 and 9 hours for Chinese Spring selfed and 20 and 12 hours for Hope selfed.  相似文献   

Correlations between the behavior of recreational horses,the physiological parameters and summer atmospheric conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Iwona Janczarek  Izabela Wilk  Edyta Zalewska  Krzysztof Bocian 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(7):721-728

The aim of this paper was to select atmospheric factors and their values, which may disrupt the correct behavior and physiological condition of recreational horses. The studies were carried out from 1 July until 1 September on 16 Anglo‐Arabian geldings. Each day, from 09.00 to 10.00 hours, the horses worked under saddle. The riders and the authors gave a qualitative behavioral assessment for each horse. Mood and willingness to work were evaluated. The quantitative assessment was called ‘incorrect behavior of the horse while riding’ (IBHR). The percentage time of duration and the number of occurrences of the features while riding were calculated. Heart rate, body temperature and respiratory rate were taken at 08.00 hours (resting measurement) and at 10.05 hours (post‐exercise measurement). Air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure were measured at 08.00 and 10.00 hours. The results showed that adverse changes in the behavior of recreational horses can occur if the horse is ridden when the air temperature is above 26°C and when wind speeds exceed 5.5 m/s. Such conditions may cause a reduction in the mood and willingness to work in horses. Physiological parameters like heart rate and body temperature seem to be more sensitive indicators of the horse body reaction to the weather than behavioral reactions.  相似文献   

Effect of mechanical damage on vigor,physiological parameters,and susceptibility of oat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena sativa)</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium culmorum</Emphasis> infection     

Tomasz Warzecha  Andrzej Zieliński  Edyta Skrzypek  Tomasz Wójtowicz  Maria Moś 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(1):29-36

Vigor and selected physiological parameters (content of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids) of eight naked and two husked oat cultivars harvested at 15% moisture content were determined. Oat seeds were threshed using two rotational speeds of the threshing drum: 1.6 m s⁻¹ (LS) and 2.4 m s⁻¹ (HS). They were then inoculated with a medium pathogenicity strain of Fusarium culmorum, strain IPO 348–01. In naked cultivars, the use of HS resulted in more severe mechanical damage; in consequence, seedling vigor decreased by 16%. In naked cultivars chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids content were significantly reduced—by more than 64%—when the HS was used. The inoculation caused over a 100% increase of carbohydrates in roots at LS but only a slight increase at HS. Phenolic compound content was twice as high in roots than in leaves after inoculation for both LS and HS. Area of microdamage and reduction of root fresh weight (f.wt.) are significantly correlated with biochemical parameters. Smaller microdamage area and root f.wt. reduction are connected with higher physiological parameters, which confirms lower seedling susceptibility to pathogen infection.  相似文献   

Pedigree, RAPD and simplified AFLP-based assessment of genetic relationships among Avena sativa L. cultivars   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Edyta Paczos-Grzeda 《Euphytica》2004,138(1):13-22

Two molecular marker techniques: RAPD and simplified ^PstIAFLP have been compared in order to decide on, which technique is better suited to genetic characterization of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars. It was investigated, if the same pattern of variability is revealed by two approaches and whether the observed molecular variability reflects pedigree-based relationships. Polymorphic RAPD and ^PstIAFLP markers were sufficient to distinguish all analysed cultivars, demonstrating the usefulness of both methods for cultivar identification. Genetic similarity estimates derived from RAPD, simplified ^PstIAFLP and combined RAPD and ^PstIAFLP data were compared with coefficients of parentage (COP). Molecular markers-based mean genetic similarities were considerably greater than mean COP value. Correlation coefficients between COP and genetic similarities calculated from RAPD, ^PstIAFLP and combined molecular data were very low and not significant. A better correlation (0.50) was found between similarity estimates derived from RAPD and ^PstIAFLP markers. Four separate dendrograms were constructed based on pedigree and molecular analyses using a neighbor-joining algorithm (NJ). The dendrograms were compared and found to be topologically different. The results of this study showed, that both molecular techniques can be conveniently used for genetic characterization of oat cultivars, however ^PstIAFLP would be the method of choice due to the higher efficiency and reproducibility. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献