Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells,SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts          下载免费PDF全文

TC Marques  EC da Silva Santos  TO Diesel  LO Leme  CF Martins  MAN Dode  BG Alves  FPH Costa  EB de Oliveira  ML Gambarini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):226-236

Effects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10^?7, 10^?9 and 10^?11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM  + 10^?7, IVM  + 10^?9, IVM  + 10^?11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC  + 10^?7, IVC  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10^?9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?9, IVM /IVC  + 10^?9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM  + 10^?9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC  + 10^?7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC  + 10^?9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC  + 10^?9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC  + 10^?9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC  + 10^?9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD 2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB 1) compared to the IVM  + 10^?9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10^?9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.  相似文献   

Value of chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine for conditioning feeder cattle after transit   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T W Perry  W M Beeson  M T Mohler  R B Harrington 《Journal of animal science》1971,32(1):137-140

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Temporal and spatial dynamics of insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)     

Foster SP  Harrington R  Dewar AM  Denholm I  Devonshire AL 《Pest management science》2002,58(9):895-907

Advances in understanding insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), at the genotypic, biochemical and molecular levels have led to rapid and precise methods for the detection of several resistance mechanisms (elevated carboxylesterase, modified acetylcholinesterase or MACE, and knockdown resistance or kdr) in individual insects, and for monitoring their frequencies over space and time. This paper summarises the results of two long-term surveys of resistance dynamics in M persicae in England, based on samples collected directly from field and glasshouse crops or from four 12.2-m suction traps. The study showed marked fluctuations in resistance frequencies that probably reflect the counteracting forces of selection imposed by insecticides for aphids possessing more copies of esterase resistance genes, and selection against these forms when insecticide use is relaxed. There is growing evidence that several different resistance mechanisms in M persicae have associated fitness costs. In the case of esterase and MACE, these costs are apparently strong enough to effect a decline in resistance frequency over winter, and a more prolonged decline over successive cropping seasons when aphid numbers are insufficient to trigger intensive chemical applications. Changes in the overall frequency of resistance genotypes may also be influenced by the predominance of year-round parthenogenesis in M persicae in the UK, leading to non-random associations between mechanisms and selection operating on clonal lineages rather than individual genotypes.  相似文献   

Influences of Cropping Practices on Verticillium dahliae Populations in Commercial Processing Tomato Fields in Ontario     

Harrington MA  Dobinson KF 《Phytopathology》2000,90(9):1011-1017

ABSTRACT The abundance of Verticillium dahliae in the soil and the incidence of V. dahliae-infected plants were determined for 12 commercial processing tomato fields in Kent County, Ontario. Comparison of the data with those from a previous survey of fields in adjacent Essex County showed that soil inoculum levels and incidence of infection were generally lower in Kent County fields and that race 2 V. dahliae was not common in Kent County. From the two counties, 128 isolates were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using the subspecies-specific repetitive DNA sequence E18. A subset of these isolates was also characterized by vegetative compatibility and DNA hybridization analysis with a second subspecies-specific DNA sequence. Isolates with E18 RFLP profiles highly similar to those of isolates previously collected from potato fields in North America were prevalent in Essex County tomato fields but not common in Kent County fields. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the group I isolates were introduced into southwestern Ontario with potato and that the different cultural practices in Essex County and Kent County have contributed to the differences in the accumulation of these isolates in the two regions.  相似文献   

The Pinewoods and human use, 1600-1900     

Smout  TC 《Forestry》2006,79(3):341-349

Human use of the pinewoods in 1600–1900 is briefly reviewed,and related to evidence for differing woodland structure inthese centuries. A certain number of pinewoods were lost between1600 and 1800 and it is suggested that this may be related toclimate change.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs after phacoemulsification          下载免费PDF全文

Anne J. Gemensky‐Metzler  Jennifer E. Sheahan  Paivi J. Rajala‐Schultz  David A. Wilkie  Jay Harrington 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(6):472-480

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Variable-density thinning promotes differential recruitment and development of shade tolerant conifer species after 17 years     

Willis  John L.  Harrington  Constance A.  Brodie  Leslie C.  Roberts  Scott D. 《New Forests》2021,52(2):329-348

Promoting patchy recruitment of shade tolerant tree species into the midstory is an important step in developing structural diversity in second-growth stands. Variable-density thinning (VDT) has been proposed as a strategy for accelerating structural diversity, as its combination of within-stand treatments (harvest gaps, thinning, and non-harvested skips) should create variable overstory and understory conditions. Here we report on western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedling and sapling densities in five mixed-conifer stands and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedling and sapling densities in two stands in western Washington at 3,7, 10, and 16–17 years after VDT. Additionally, we report on western hemlock advance regeneration growth and survival in two stands over 14 years. Western hemlock seedling density was highest in the thinned treatment but only significantly so in Year 10. In contrast, the gaps contained significantly more western hemlock saplings in Years 7 and 10 and significantly greater growth of western hemlock advance regeneration through Year 10. Skips embedded within the VDT did not differ significantly from unharvested reserves in terms of seedling or sapling densities of either species. Sitka spruce seedling density was highest in the gap and thinned treatments, but saplings were uncommon in all treatments. Collectively, these results indicate that our variant of VDT promoted patchy, midstory recruitment of western hemlock but failed to recruit Sitka spruce saplings in either stand where it established. Consequently, more intensive variants of VDT may be required to promote midstory recruitment of species less tolerant of shade than western hemlock.

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Cross-protective immunity and the serological classification system for Bacteroides nodosus     

DJ STEWART  JA VAUGHAN  TC ELLEMAN†  PA HOYNE†  KJ BURNS  JH DUFTY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):50-53

The relationship between the serological classification system for serogroup B and for serogroup H of Bacteroides nodosus and cross-protection between subgroups within these serogroups was examined. Protection against ovine footrot following vaccination was achieved against other subgroup strains provided sufficient cross-reactive antibody was induced by shared pilus antigens. Within serogroup B, better cross-protection against one subgroup was obtained with a pili vaccine than a whole cell vaccine which correlated with higher pilus antibody titres induced by the former. For serogroup H, a lack of cross-protection and serological reactivity between subgroups was demonstrated, which indicates that the prototype strain of subgroup H2 should be designated a new serogroup.  相似文献   

The effect of an extended artificial photoperiod and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone infusions in inducing fertile oestrus in anoestrous mares     

TC LOWIS  JH HYLAND†† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(12):400-402

The occurrence of fertile oestrus early in the breeding season is of paramount importance to the Thoroughbred industry to facilitate early conception. This paper compares 2 techniques for inducing fertile oestrus in anoestrous mares using either an extended photoperiod alone or together with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) infusions. Eleven mares were placed under conditions of 16 h light and 8 h darkness and 5 of these were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering approximately 100 ng GnRH/kg/h for 28 days (treated mares). The treated mares ovulated 27.7 days earlier than and conceived 32 days earlier than the 6 mares not given GnRH. GnRH-induced ovulations were followed by a competent luteal phase. The combination of GnRH pumps implanted 2 weeks before commencement of service together with extended photoperiod from July 1 has promise in assisting the stud breeder to improve reproductive efficiency on commercial stud farms.  相似文献   

Malunion of an in utero open tibial fracture in an aborted equine fetus     

Diane Murdaugh DVM  PhD  Richard I. Miller BVSc  PhD  David R. Harrington DVM  Louis L. Martin DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1985,5(4):189-191

An in utero tibial fracture was examined at necropsy in a seven-month-old male aborted Thoroughbred fetus. Grossly the healed fracture had a smooth cortical surface. Histologically there was no callus formation or excessive osteoclastic or osteoblastic activity.  相似文献