Effects of AG1 and AG2 QTLs on Nonstructural Carbohydrate and Seed Management Options for Rice Seedling Growth and Establishment under Flooding Stress     

Mondal Satyen  Jamil Hasan M.  Ahmed Tofayel  Giashuddin Miah M.  C. Sta Cruz Pompe  M. Ismail Abdel 《水稻科学》2020,27(6):515-528

Rice (Oryza sativa) plants acquired excess photosynthates in the form of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in their stems and grain. Despite keen interest in rice NSC, the dynamics of NSC accumulation, translocation and re-accumulation have not yet been well investigated. AG1 and AG2 QTLs associated with flooding tolerance through catalyzing starch into soluble sugar in germinating seeds. Here we conducted three experiments, greenhouse and field to lay the groundwork for large-scale diversity studies on grain NSC and some agronomic traits under direct-seeded rice (DSR) system, using elite lines incorporating AG1, AG2 and AG1-AG2 QTLs into the popular varieties PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1 along with the donors Kho Hlan On (AG1) and Ma-Zhan Red (AG2). In germinating seedlings, soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually especially in the tolerant checks and AG1-AG2 introgression lines under flooded soil. Soluble sugar accumulation in stem started to increase from the vegetative stage and peaked at the panicle initiation stage then gradually decreased towards the maturity stage. But Sub1-AG lines had higher sugar and starch concentrations at different growth stages than other genotypes in wet season 2016 and dry season 2017. Plant survival rate was positively correlated with the stem NSC at the early vegetative stage (21 days after sowing), and stem NSC was positively associated with plant height at different growth stages. Among the tested seeding rate, the most suitable seeding rate, 4 g/m² with shallow burial depth (0.5 cm), resulted in better seedling establishment, relatively higher seedling vigor index and higher leaf area index under flooding in DSR system. Introgression of AG1-AG2 QTLs had no any negative impact on nonstructural carbohydrate, germination rate, and growth and biomass production.  相似文献   

Effect of glyphosate on symbiotic N2 fixation and nickel concentration in glyphosate-resistant soybeans     

L.H.S. Zobiole  R.S. Oliveira  R.J. Kremer  J. Constantin  T. Yamada  C. Castro  F.A. Oliveira  A. Oliveira 《Applied soil ecology》2010,44(2):176-180

Decreased biological nitrogen fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has been attributed directly to toxicity of glyphosate or its metabolites, to N₂-fixing microorganisms. As a strong metal chelator, glyphosate could influence symbiotic N₂ fixation by lowering the concentration of nickel (Ni) that is essential for the symbiotic microorganisms. Evaluation of different cultivars grown on different soil types at the State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil during the summer 2008 revealed, significant decreases in photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance) and nickel content with glyphosate use (single or sequential application). This work demonstrated that glyphosate can influence the symbiotic N₂ fixation by lowering nickel content available to the symbiotic microorganisms.  相似文献   

Porphyric insecticides. IV: Structure-activity study of substituted phenanthrolines     

Larry J. Gut  Keywan Lee  John A. Juvik  Carole C. Rebeiz  Carl E. Bouton  Constantin A. Rebeiz 《Pest management science》1993,39(1):19-30

The porphyric-insecticide-modulating activities of 1,10-phenanthroline and eight of its analogs were investigated. The insecticidal efficacy of these compounds was closely associated with their ability to enhance the conversion of exogenous δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to protoporphyrin IX (Proto). As observed for photodynamic herbicidal effects in plants, the presence of nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 10 of the macrocycle was essential for porphyric insecticidal activity. This was evidenced by the very limited activity of phenanthrene, in which positions 1 and 10 are occupied by carbon instead of nitrogen atoms. On the other hand, enhancement of Proto formation and porphyric insecticidal activity were maintained following methyl, chloro and nitro group substitution at the periphery of 1,10-phenanthroline. In contrast, Proto levels and photodynamic toxicity were reduced by hydroxy and phenyl substitution at the same positions. Benzyl substitution at the 2–3 and 8–9 positions was also inhibitory. Quantitative structure-activity calculations suggested a relationship between peripheral group substitution and physicochemical properties of the substituted compounds. Electron density changes in 1,10-phenanthroline and its analogs that appeared to be related to reduced efficacy included (a) appearance of positive charge-binding volumes at positions 4 and 7 of the 1,10-phenanthroline macrocycle, which flanks positive charge-repelling volumes, (b) a dramatic increase in superdelocalisability (i.e. electron density) over some unoccupied molecular orbitals, and (c) electronic charge at positions 1 and 10 of the macrocycle. Large increases in van der Waals volumes also exerted negative effects on insecticidal efficacy.  相似文献   

The distribution of olive fruit fly captures with McPhail traps within an olive orchard   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ioannis?DimouEmail author  Constantin?Koutsikopoulos  Aristidis?Economopoulos  Josef?Lykakis 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):124-131

The spatial distribution of olive fruit flyBactrocera (Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) field captures with McPhail traps within an experimental orchard was evaluated. Contour maps were constructed to examine the patterns in the 3-year trapping data. Captures varied widely inside the olive orchard, with traps suspended on wild olive trees exhibiting the poorest performance. Favorable microclimate, created by a standing water pool, appeared to be responsible for increased trap captures during the hot summer months. The positive role of the olive tree fruit load is also discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 2, 2003.  相似文献   

Plasma and synovial fluid endothelin-1 and nitric oxide concentrations in horses with and without joint disease     

de la Calle J  Burba DJ  Ramaswamy CM  Hosgood G  Williams J  LeBlanc C  Moore RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(12):1648-1654

OBJECTIVE: To compare plasma and synovial fluid endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in clinically normal horses and horses with joint disease. ANIMALS: 36 horses with joint disease, and 15 horses without joint disease. PROCEDURE: Horses with joint disease were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (ie, synovitis, degenerative joint disease [DJD], or joint sepsis groups) on the basis of findings on clinical and radiographic examination and synovial fluid analysis. Endothelin-1 and NO concentrations were measured in plasma from blood samples, collected from the jugular vein and ipsilateral cephalic or saphenous vein of the limb with an affected or unaffected joint, as well as in synovial fluid samples obtained via arthrocentesis from the involved joint. RESULTS: Plasma ET-1 concentrations between affected and unaffected groups were not significantly different. Median concentration and concentration range of ET-1 in synovial fluid obtained from the joint sepsis group (35.830 pg/mL, 7926 to 86.614 pg/mL; n = 7) were significantly greater than values from the synovitis (17.531 pg/mL, 0.01 to 46.908 pg/mL; 18), DJD (22.858 pg/mL, 0.01 to 49.990 pg/mL; 10), and unaffected (10.547 pg/mL, 0.01 to 35.927 pg/mL; 10) groups. Plasma and synovial fluid NO concentrations between affected and unaffected groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endothelin-1 is locally synthesized in the joints of horses with various types of joint disease. Synovial fluid concentrations of ET-1 varied among horses with joint disease, with concentrations significantly higher in the synovial fluid of horses with joint sepsis. These results indicate that ET-1 may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanism of joint disease in horses.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the importance of centrifugation as a component of zinc sulfate fecal flotation examinations     

Zajac AM  Johnson J  King SE 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(3):221-224

Fifty canine fecal samples were evaluated by five flotation procedures to compare the sensitivity of the zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) centrifugation flotation test with ZnSO4 flotation tests using benchtop incubation during the flotation period. One or more parasite species were detected in 40 samples. Results showed that centrifugation with ZnSO4 solution was significantly more likely to detect a positive sample than benchtop procedures. The difference in procedures was due primarily to increased detection of Trichuris eggs and Giardia cysts by centrifugal flotation. No significant difference was seen in the ability of benchtop procedures to detect positive samples when tests sat either for 5 or 10 minutes before examination.  相似文献   

Author Index     

Richard M. Engeman  Stephanie A. Shwiff  Henry T. Smith  Bernice Constantin 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(4):295-295

Authors Index

Author Index  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoot tips by encapsulation-vitrification     

Adela Halmagyi  Constantin Deliu 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Shoot tips excised from in vitro cultured plants of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (cv. Pallas, cv. Pink Candy and cv. Wanessa) were successfully cryopreserved using an encapsulation-vitrification method. Shoot tips (2–3 mm in length) were encapsulated in sodium alginate, precultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 M) for 24 h or 48 h and dehydrated with the vitrification solution PVS2 (up to 4 h) at 24 °C or 0 °C prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). A maximum of shoot regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips was obtained with the following combinations: preculture in 0.5 M sucrose and 180 min dehydration treatment at 0 °C for cv. Pallas (60% shoot formation), or preculture in 0.75 M and 200 min dehydration at the same temperature for cv. Pink Candy (66.6% shoot formation) and cv. Wanessa (73% shoot formation).  相似文献   

Stimulation of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of goats and its effect on in vitro colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica     

Effendy  A.W.M.  Zamri-Saad  M.  Maswati  M.A.  Ismail  M.S.  Jamil  S.M. 《Veterinary research communications》1998,22(3):147-153

Twenty goats of about 7 months of age were divided into five groups. The goats in groups 1 and 2 were exposed once, using an intranasal spray to 2 ml of an inoculum containing 10⁶ colony-forming units/ml of living or dead Pasteurella haemolytica A2, respectively. The goats in groups 3 and 4 were similarly exposed twice at a 2-week interval. Group 5 was the untreated control. The number and size of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in goats exposed twice to either living or dead organisms were significantly (p>0.05) increased compared with those exposed once and with the unexposed control. In vitro colonization by living P. haemolytica A2 onto the lung tissue in which the BALT had been stimulated by two exposures of either living or dead organisms was significantly (p>0.05) reduced. The study indicates that stimulation of the respiratory mucosal immunity may prevent P. haemolytica A2 infection.  相似文献   

über Haubarkeits= und Zwischennutzung. und deren WechselverhÄltnis in der Waldertragsregelung     

Dr. oec. publ. Constantin G. Sklawunos 《European Journal of Forest Research》1923,45(8-9):300-315

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