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A Cucumber mosaic virus was newly isolated from Silene armeria and was characterized by biological, serological and molecular biological methods. Received 4 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 28 August 2001  相似文献   
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LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically. Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT:   In normally fertilized progeny of the kokanee salmon Oncorhynchus nerka , DNA content flow cytometry revealed that all the externally normal embryos were diploid, whereas abnormal embryos exhibited haplo-diploid, diplo-tetraploid and haplo-diplo-tetraploid mosaicisms, together with a few haploid and diploid individuals. When gynogenetic development was artificially induced by fertilization of eggs obtained from a female of the same kokanee brood stock with UV-irradiated sperm, haplo-diploid mosaics appeared most frequently. These mosaics were likely to happen by certain cytological events, such as meiotic or mitotic errors during the process of maturation, fertilization or early cleavage.  相似文献   
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Specific primers were designed based on the sequences of the spacer region between the 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for direct, rapid and specific detection of Burkholderia gladioli. These primers were named GLA-f and GLA-r. PCR performed on boiled bacterial suspensions yielded an amplification product of approximately 300 bp. No products from other bacterial species, including B. glumae were amplified, even after complete DNA extraction by the cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Using the specific primers designed in this study, the PCR method can detect B. gladioli in plant samples within 6 hr. These data demonstrate the potential of specific PCR for the detection of B. gladioli. Received 10 December 2001/ Accepted in revised form 15 April 2002  相似文献   
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The aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Mongolian dairy products, and to estimate the probiotic potential of the isolated strains. We collected 66 samples of the traditional Mongolian dairy products tarag (n = 45), airag (n = 7), aaruul (n = 8), byasulag (n = 1) and eezgii (n = 5), from which 543 LAB strains were isolated and identified based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. The predominant species of those products were Lactobacillus (L.) delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. However, we could not detect any LAB strains from eezgii. All LAB isolates were screened for tolerance to low pH and to bile acid, gas production from glucose, and adherence to Caco‐2 cells. In vitro, we found 10 strains possess probiotic properties, and almost identified them as L. plantarum or L. paracasei subspecies, based on 16S ribosomal DNA and carbohydrate fermentation pattern. These strains were differentiated from each other individually by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Additionally, it was notable that 6/10 strains were isolated from camel milk tarag from the Dornogovi province.  相似文献   
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A strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-D8) systemically infects Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus), but the Y strain of CMV (CMV-Y) only infects the inoculated leaves. Both of these strains cause severe systemic mosaic on the plants after dual infection with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Synergistic interactions on long-distance transport of CMV-Y and CMV-D8 with TuMV were analyzed using an immunobinding assay. Direct tissue blots probed with either anti-CMV-Y or anti-TuMV antiserum clearly showed that CMV-Y efficiently spread and accumulated in the tissues of noninoculated upper leaves and roots when co-inoculated with TuMV, and that long-distance movement of CMV-D8 was enhanced by the presence of TuMV. Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 5 February 2000  相似文献   
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Sperm cryopreservation has been widely adopted for maintenance of the genetically engineered mouse (GEM). The cryopreserved sperm are being exchanged among many institutes worldwide. However, the recipients are not always able to obtain high fertilization rates with the frozen sperm shipped from senders. In this study, we cryopreserved mouse sperm via various methods and performed in vitro fertilization (IVF) in which the combination of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin for sperm preincubation and reduced glutathione for insemination was used (the MBCD-GSH IVF). In addition, frozen sperm sent from the Jackson Laboratory (USA) were thawed and used for IVF in the same manner. The fertilization rates of both the sperm cryopreserved via the methods applied in some countries and the cryopreserved GEM sperm improved when used with the MBCD-GSH IVF method. Therefore, we strongly believe that the MBCD-GSH IVF method brings about relatively high fertilization rates with any strain of frozen mouse sperm.  相似文献   
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