Characterization of multidrug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals     

Zhao S  McDermott PF  White DG  Qaiyumi S  Friedman SL  Abbott JW  Glenn A  Ayers SL  Post KW  Fales WH  Wilson RB  Reggiardo C  Walker RD 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,123(1-3):122-132

Three hundred and eighty Salmonella isolates recovered from animal diagnostic samples obtained from four state veterinary diagnostic laboratories (AZ, NC, MO, and TN) between 2002 and 2003 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for bla(CMY) beta-lactamase genes, class 1 integrons and genetic relatedness using PFGE. Forty-seven serovars were identified, the most common being S. Typhimurium (26%), S. Heidelberg (9%), S, Dublin (8%), S. Newport (8%), S. Derby (7%), and S. Choleraesuis (7%). Three hundred and thirteen (82%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 265 (70%) to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (78%), followed by streptomycin (73%), sulfamethoxazole (68%), and ampicillin (54%), and to a lesser extent chloramphenicol (37%), kanamycin (37%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20%), and ceftiofur (17%). With regards to animal of origin, swine Salmonella isolates displayed the highest rate of resistance, being resistant to at least one antimicrobial (92%), followed by those recovered from turkey (91%), cattle (77%), chicken (68%), and equine (20%). Serovars commonly showing multidrug resistance (MDR) to > or =9 antimicrobials were S. Uganda (100%), S. Agona (79%), and S. Newport (62%), compared to S. Heidelberg (11%) and S. Typhimurium (7%). Class-1 integrons were detected in 43% of all isolates, and were found to contain aadA, aadB, dhfr, cmlA and sat1 gene cassettes alone or in various combinations. All ceftiofur resistant isolates (n=66) carried the bla(CMY) beta-lactamase gene. A total of 230 PFGE patterns were generated among the 380 isolates tested using XbaI, indicating extensive genetic diversity across recovered Salmonella serovars, however, several MDR clones were repeatedly recovered from different diseased animals.  相似文献   

Importance of prudent antibiotic use on dairy farms in South Carolina: a pilot project on farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices     

Friedman DB  Kanwat CP  Headrick ML  Patterson NJ  Neely JC  Smith LU 《Zoonoses and public health》2007,54(9-10):366-375

Inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals contributes to decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in bacteria of medical importance. Resistant bacteria being transferred from animals to humans are causing public health concern. In-person interviews were conducted with 20 dairy farmers in rural counties of South Carolina to determine farmers' knowledge and attitudes about prudent antibiotic use among livestock. Four focus groups (n = 22) were also conducted to ascertain farmers' specific information needs about proper antibiotic use. Survey results showed that participants (100%) typically determined a need for antibiotic treatment using symptom assessment and reported following some form of operating procedures regarding administration of antibiotics. Few farmers (32%) had actual written antibiotic protocols. Preferred information sources about antibiotics were veterinarians (100%) and other dairy farmers (50%). Most farmers (86%) were not concerned that overuse of antibiotics in animals could result in antibiotic resistance among farm workers. Qualitative analysis of focus groups revealed significant barriers to following proper antibiotic procedures including limited finances and lack of time. The need for bilingual educational resources for Hispanic/Latino dairy workers was expressed. Desired formats for educational materials were posters, flowcharts, videos, and seminars. Education of South Carolina dairy farmers by veterinarians and public health professionals on the appropriate use of antibiotics in dairy cattle is needed to ensure antibiotic effectiveness in both animals and humans.  相似文献   

Two new species of rhipiphoridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Israel     

Q. Argaman  Z. Mendel 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(1):63-63

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Host selection by the pine processionary caterpillarthaumetopoea wilkinsoni     

Z. Mendel 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(2):101-108

The occurrence of nests of the pine processionary caterpillar (PPC),Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tarns (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), was recorded in two 9-year-old plots planted withPinus halepensis, P. brutia andP. eldarica in a randomized block design. Nest density was highest inP. eldarica and lowest inP. halepensis. The mean number of nests per tree and their frequency distribution indicate that the preference of the PPC is in the order P.eldarica >P brutia >P. halepensis;it is believed to be related to shape of the tree. Planting ofP. eldarica in camping sites is not recommended, due to its high susceptibility to colonization by the PPC.  相似文献   

Sinoxylon anale — A new destructive wood borer in Israel     

Q. Argaman  Z. Mendel  Z. Mendel  A. Zehavi 《Phytoparasitica》1987,15(3):257-258

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Rickets caused by excessive renal phosphate loss and apparent abnormal vitamin D metabolism in a cat     

Henik RA  Forrest LJ  Friedman AL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(11):1644-9, 1620-1

Rickets was diagnosed in a 1-year-old cat with a history of weakness, osteopenia, and recurrent fractures. Processes causing rickets include vitamin D deficiency caused by inadequate, nutrition, lack of exposure to sunlight, defective metabolism of parent vitamin D to active metabolites, inherited vitamin D receptor defects, hypoparathyroidism, chronic renal failure, renal loss of phosphate, or malabsorptive states resulting from gastrointestinal or hepatic diseases. On the basis of analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 concentrations, serum biochemical analysis, and urinary fractional clearance of electrolytes, the causes of rickets in our cat, were most compatible with a combination of excessive loss of phosphorus via the kidneys and deficient or abnormal hepatic 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D. Calcifediol treatment and twice daily administration of phosphate salts resulted in clinical improvement and increases in mineralization of the skeleton, as evidenced on radiographic evaluation.  相似文献   

Provenance as a factor in susceptibility of Pinus halepensis to Matsucoccus joseph (homoptera: Margarodidae)     

Zvi Mendel 《Forest Ecology and Management》1984,9(4):259-266

International provenance trials of Pinus halepensis and related species, P. brutia and P. eldarica, allowed study of the relationship between seed origin of P. halepensis and susceptibility to the Israeli pine bast scale (Matsucoccus josephi, Homoptera: Margarodidae), and the infestation of P. brutia and P. eldarica by this pest. The Greek and Israeli provenances displayed a lower susceptibility to attacks by the pest than did the North African and Spanish provenances. The lower susceptibility is expressed by a higher percentage of unaffected trees, low rate of injury and low density of Matsucoccus ovisacs. Two different mechanisms may be responsible for the relative resistance of P. halepensis of the Greek and the Israeli populations. It is possible that resistance to the pest was transferred from P. brutia to P. halepensis in Greece, where the natural distribution of these pine species overlaps or overlapped. On the other hand, the relative resistance of the Israeli provenances may be due to long coexistence in Israel of M. josephi and P. halepensis.  相似文献   

Hepatozoon spp.: report of some cases in dogs in Brasília, Brazil     

Paludo GR  Dell'Porto A  de Castro e Trindade AR  McManus C  Friedman H 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,118(3-4):243-248

Canine hepatozoonosis is a disease caused by the tick-borne protozoan Hepatozoon spp. It has been reported in the United States, southern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Far East. In Brazil, canine hepatozoonosis is an emerging protozoal tick-borne disease, and is characterized by distinct clinical signs. The objective of this study was to analyze the laboratory findings of some hepatozoonosis cases in dogs in Brasília, Brazil, and their clinical signs. The animals of this experiment showed low parasitemia, similar to H. americanum, but the clinical signs presented were similar to H. canis. According to our observations and in agreement with O'Dwyer et al. [Vet. Parasitol. 94 (2001) 143], the Brazilian Hepatozoon appears more to resemble the species found in the eastern Hemisphere than with H. americanum of North America, or could be caused by a new species. Our data revealed that hepatozoonosis could be considered endemic in Brasília.  相似文献   

Note: First record of the eucalyptus gall wasp<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophelimus maskelli</Emphasis> and its parasitoid,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Closterocerus chamaeleon</Emphasis>, in Turkey     

M. Doğanlar  Z. Mendel 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(4):333-335

The Eucalyptus gall waspOphelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae: Ophelimini) and its introduced parasitoidClosterocerus chamaeleon (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) are recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey. Some morphological characters of adult and larva ofO. maskelli and larva ofC. chamaeleon are described and illustrated. Distributions of the two wasps collected in Turkey are given. Results indicate that the biological control agent,C. chamaeleon, has spread over 1,300 km in the 16 months since its initial release.  相似文献   

Erratum to “Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of roses (Rosa hybrida) in soil-less culture” [Sci. Hortic. 108 (2006) 185–193]     

Nirit Bernstein  Asher Bar-Tal  Haya Friedman  Pini Snir  Ilona Rot  Amram Chazan  Marina Ioffe 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

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