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M. Shamim Hasan ZAHID Sharda Prasad AWASTHI Atsushi HINENOYA Shinji YAMASAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):535-540
To search natural compounds having inhibitory effect on bacterial growth is important,
particularly in view of growing multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of bacterial pathogens.
Like other bacterial pathogens, MDR Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent
of diarrheal disease cholera, is becoming a great concern. As an approach of searching new
antimicrobial agents, here, we show that anethole, a well-studied natural component of
sweet fennel and star anise seeds, could potentially inhibit the growth of MDR O1 El Tor
biotype, the ongoing 7th cholera pandemic variant strains of toxigenic V.
cholerae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anethole against
diverse O1 El Tor biotype strains is evaluated as 200
µg/ml. Moreover, the effect of anethole is
bactericidal and exerts rapid-killing action on V.
cholerae cells. This study is the first report which demonstrates
that anethole, purified from natural compound, is a potent inhibitor of growth of
toxigenic V. cholerae. Our data suggest that anethole could be a
potential antimicrobial drug candidate, particularly against MDR V.
cholerae mediated infections. 相似文献
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Expression profiling of transgenes (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) in cotton genotypes under different genetic backgrounds 下载免费PDF全文
Kashif NOOR Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA Asif Ali KHAN Rao Sohail Ahmad KHAN 《农业科学学报》2022,21(10):2818-2832
Transgenic cotton carrying the Cry1Ac gene has revolutionized insect pest control since its adoption, although the development of resistance in insect pests has reduced its efficacy. After 10 years of cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton with a single Cry1Ac gene, growers are on the verge of adopting Bt cotton that carries the double gene (Cry1Ac+Cry2A) due to its better effectiveness against insect pests. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the role of each gene in the effectiveness of Bt cotton carrying the double gene. The expression levels of the Cry1Ac and Cry2A genes were evaluated in the leaves of 10 genotypes (2 parents and 8 F1 hybrids) at 30 days after sowing (DAS), while samples of leaves, bolls and flowers were taken from the upper and lower canopies at 70 and 110 DAS. The F1 hybrids were developed through reciprocal crosses between two Bt (CKC-1, CKC-2) and two non-Bt (MNH-786, FH-942) parents. The differential expression of transgenes was evaluated through Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that the MNH786×CKC-1 hybrid had the highest concentrations of Cry1Ac gene at 30 DAS (3.08 µg g–1) and 110 DAS (1.01 µg g–1) in leaves. In contrast, the CKC-2×MNH-786 hybrid showed the lowest concentrations of Cry1Ac gene at 30 DAS (2.30 µg g–1) and 110 DAS (0.86 µg g–1). The F1 hybrid FH-942×CKC-2 showed the highest concentrations of Cry2A gene at 30 DAS (8.39 µg g–1) and 110 DAS (7.74 µg g–1) in leaves, while the CKC-1×MNH-786 hybrid expressed the lowest concentrations of Cry2A gene at 30 DAS (7.10 µg g–1) and 110 DAS (8.31 µg g–1). A comparison between the two stages of plant growth showed that leaves had the highest concentrations at 30 DAS, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed at 110 DAS for both genes in leaves. When the expression pattern was compared between various plant parts in genotype CKC-2, it was found that leaves had higher concentrations of Cry1Ac (3.12 µg g–1) and Cry2A (8.31 µg g–1) at 70 DAS, followed by bolls (Cry1Ac (1.66 µg g–1) and Cry2A (8.15 µg g–1)) and flowers (Cry1Ac (1.07 µg g–1) and Cry2A (7.99 µg g–1)). The genotype CKC-2 had higher concentrations of Cry1Ac (3.12 µg g–1) and Cry2A (8.31 µg g–1) in the upper canopy but less accumulation (2.66 µg g–1 of Cry1Ac, 8.09 µg g–1 of Cry2A) in the lower canopy at 70 DAS. Similarly, at 110 DAS, the expression levels of Cry1Ac and Cry2A in upper and lower canopy leaves were 1.52 and 7.92 µg g–1, and 0.99 and 7.54 µg g–1, respectively. Hence, the current study demonstrates that different genotypes showed variable expression for both of the Cry1Ac and Cry2A genes during plant growth due to different genetic backgrounds. The Cry2A gene had three-fold higher expression than Cry1Ac with significant differences in expression in different plant parts. The findings of this study will be helpful for breeding insect-resistant double-gene genotypes with better gene expression levels of Cry1Ac and Cry2A for sustainable cotton production worldwide. 相似文献
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Calcium-bound and iron- and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by 13C NMR, visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Results showed that the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron- and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher. The calcium-bound humus had higher C/N and O/C ratios than iron- and aluminium-bound humus. The calcium-bound humic acid (HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron- and aluminum-bound humic acid (HA2) while iron- and aluminum-bound fulvic acid (FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid (FA1). An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR spectra was observed for HA and FA from black soil. The 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1. On the other hand, FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticity than FA2. 相似文献
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ATIQUE-UR-REHMAN MUHAMMAD FAROOQ ZAHID ATA CHEEMA ABDUL WAHID 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):42-54
This study was conducted to explore the role of boron (B) in seedling emergence, leaf elongation, and tillering dynamics. Boron was applied as seed priming. For priming seeds of two rice cultivars (Super Basmati and Shaheen Basmati) were soaked in B solutions having 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations. Substantial improvement in seedling emergence was observed from hydropriming and seed priming in 0.001 and 0.01% solutions; beyond this B concentration, emergence potential was suppressed. Seeds primed in 0.5% B solution even did not emerge. A linear increase in plant height was recorded up to 30 days from seeds primed in 0.001% solution. Similarly rate of leaf emergence and elongation and rate of tiller appearance were substantially improved in seedlings raised from seeds primed in 0.001% B solution. Overall B plays a significant role in leaf appearance, elongation and tillering dynamics of rice when used in very low concentration. 相似文献
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Pinus nigra Arnold var. pallasiana Endl. and Abies equi-trojaniAschers-Sinten are indigenous species of Turkey. The area ofPinus nigra is very large (more than 2 million hectares) occurringin the west, south and north of Turkey. However, Abies equi-trojanioccurs only in the west of Turkey in the Ida Mountains (Kazdagi)and is of limited area (5500 ha).These two species naturallyform both mixed stands and pure stands in the Ida Mountains. When mixed stands of Pinus nigra and Abies equi-trojani areregenerated, if the seedlings of these two species regeneratesimultaneously, the Pinus nigra will be eliminated from thestand in 15 to 25 years because of the rapid growth of Abiesequi-trojani. In different site conditions, Abies equi-trojanireaches 2230 m in height and 4065 cm in diameterin 70 years, whereas Pinus nigra reaches 1722 m in heightand 2540cm in diameter in the same period in the sameforest sites. 相似文献
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Fasih Ullah HAIDER Jeffrey A. COULTER Liqun CAI Saddam HUSSAIN Sardar Alam CHEEMA Jun WU Renzhi ZHANG 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):107-130
The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes. 相似文献
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RAZIA ABDUL HAQ MUMTAZ HUSSAIN ZAHID ATA CHEEMA MUHAMMAD NAEEM MUSHTAQ MUHAMMAD FAROOQ 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(4):234-240
Allelopathy has the potential to tackle the concerns associated with the indiscriminate use of synthetic herbicides. In search of a natural herbicide, the effects of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf water extracts on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated. Four concentrations of extract (25, 50, 75, and 100%) were compared with a control (distilled water). The results revealed that the pregermination application of 100% mulberry leaf water extract resulted in the complete inhibition of bermudagrass and wheat germination. However, postemergence, two foliar sprays suppressed only the growth of bermudagrass and promoted wheat growth. The effect of the mulberry leaf water extract was concentration dependent. It is evident that the postemergence application of mulberry leaf water extract has the scope for use as natural herbicide for the control of bermudagrass and to promote the growth and yield of wheat. 相似文献
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