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Fujimoto Kiyoshi Miyagi Toyohiko Kikuchi Takao Kawana Toshio 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1996,1(1):47-57
Mangrove habitats on Kosrae are divided into three types, i.e., an estuary or delta type, a backmarsh or lagoon type and a coral reef or tidal-flat type. Most of the mangrove forests of Kosrae have been developed during the last 2000 years by accumulating mangrove peat with the gradual sea-level rise of 1 to 2 mm/yr except the landward part of the estuary or delta type. On the other hand, during the period of rapid sea-level rise of about 10 mm/yr between 4100 and 3700 yr B.P., the mangrove forests ceased peat accumulation and retreated landward. Until 3500 yr B.P., mangrove forests were distributed only in narrow bands in the inlets. Therefore, the critical rate of mangrove peat accretion with sea-level rise is estimated at more than 2 mm/yr and less than 10 mm/yr. If the anticipated sea-level rise exceeds this critical rate, all of the mangrove forests of Kosrae will retreat landward and reduce rapidly. 相似文献
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Fujisawa H Suma K Origuchi K Kumagai H Seki T Ariga T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(11):4229-4235
This study verifies the instability of garlic ( Allium sativum L.)-derived allyl 2-propenylthiosulfinate (allicin) in various aqueous and ethanolic solutions as well as in vegetable oil through chemical and biological analyses performed simultaneously. Crushed fresh garlic cloves generated antibacterial activity and chemically detectable allicin, a major antibacterial principle, and both declined on a daily basis in aqueous and ethanolic solutions at room temperature, showing biological and chemical half-lives of about 6 and 11 days, respectively. Allicin was more stable in 20% alcohol than in water, but surprisingly unstable in vegetable oil, with an activity half-life 0.8 h, as estimated from its antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli, and a chemical half-life of 3.1 h, based on chromatographic quantification. In alcoholic and aqueous extracts, the biological half-life of allicin tended to be longer than the chemical one, suggesting the occurrence of bioactive compounds other than allicin in the extracts. 相似文献
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Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by experimental endotoxemia in horse 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kiku Y Kusano K Miyake H Fukuda S Takahashi J Inotsume M Hirano S Yoshihara T Toribio RE Okada H Yoshino TO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):857-863
Cellular activation and functional cell surface markers were evaluated during experimentally-induced endotoxemia in healthy horses. Eight healthy adult horses were infused a low dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O26: B6, 30 ng/kg of body weight, IV) and five control horses were given an equivalent volume of sterile saline solution. Venous blood samples were collected for flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to measure plasma endotoxin concentrations. Clinical signs of endotoxemia were recorded at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hr after endotoxin or saline solution administration. Clinical findings characteristic of endotoxemia (tachycardia, tachypnea, increased rectal temperature, and leukopenia) occurred transiently in all horses administered endotoxin; however, plasma endotoxin concentrations were detectable in only 50% (4/8) of the endotoxin-infused horses. The percentage of CD4(+), CD5(+), and CD8(+) cells decreased while the percentage of CD14(+), IgM(+), and MHC class II(+) cells increased significantly after endotoxin infusion. Alterations in the immunophenotype of PBMCs from horses with experimentally-induced endotoxemia were associated with changes in vital signs, indicating that endotoxin altered the immuno balance. 相似文献
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Aya Goto Jiro Sonoda Yuki Seki Yoshikazu Taketa Etsuko Ohta Kyoko Nakano Akira Inomata Kazuhiro Hayakawa Toyohiko Aoki Kazuo Tsukidate Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):229-232
Maxillary gingivae from male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats at 12, 16, 21, and 34 weeks of
age were examined histologically. The incidence of gingivitis was approximately 40%, with
no age or sex predilection, and was most frequent between the first and second molar.
Lesions were characterized by acute focal neutrophilic infiltration into the gingival
mucosa, occasionally with inflammatory exudate. In severe cases, inflammation extended to
the periodontal ligament with abscess formation, and adjacent alveolar bone
destruction/resorption. The most characteristic finding was the presence of hair shafts
associated with the lesion, which was observed in approximately 80% of the rats with
gingivitis. These findings suggest that molar gingivitis occurs in rats from an early age
and persists thereafter, and that the main cause of gingivitis in rats is hair penetration
into the gingiva. It would be prudent to keep these background lesions in mind as
potential modifiers in toxicity studies. 相似文献
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Kasashima Y Kuwano A Katayama Y Taura Y Yoshihara T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):577-582
Six live horses with various stages of acute to chronic superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinitis were examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In each case, MRI findings were compared to the corresponding ultrasonographic (USD) and histologic findings, to establish the usefulness of MRI. In the acute cases, lesions characterized by hemorrhage were well defined as high signal intensity on MRI and hypoechoic regions on USD. Chronic tendon fibrosis was slightly hyperechoic and difficult to distinguish from the normal tendon tissue around the original injury by using USD. In contrast, MRI visualized the chronic lesion as a low intensity signal, which could be distinguished from the black background of the normal SDF tendon tissue. This study clearly demonstrated MRI was the better imaging modality for the objective detection of chronic scar tissue in live horses. These findings, from living horses, suggest an advantage of MRI in the clinical application to diagnose tendinitis in cases where there is chronic scar tissue that is difficult to discern on USD. 相似文献
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Analy Quiñonez-Plaza Fernando Toyohiko Wakida Juan Temores-Peña Diana Dolores Rodriguez-Mendivil Enrique Garcia-Flores Miguel Angel Pastrana-Corral Samuel Guillermo Melendez-Lopez 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(12):2873-2886
Purpose
A study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Hg) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in road-deposited sediments (RDS) from Tijuana, Mexico, and identify their possible sources.Materials and methods
Thirty RDS samples were randomly collected during the dry season using a brush and dustpan and classified according to construction material, traffic intensity, and land use. Soil samples were collected from a nonurban area and their concentrations were used as background values. For TPH, the samples were quantified gravimetrically after Soxhlet extraction, whereas heavy metals were extracted by acid digestion and their concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results and discussion
The mean TPH concentrations for RDS were 4208 mg kg?1 and ranged from 1186 to 9982 mg kg?1. For heavy metals, mean concentrations were 31.8, 50.2, 17.1, 0.1, and 0.1 mg kg?1 for Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Hg, respectively. The Igeo results showed that RDS from Tijuana are moderately to strongly polluted with Pb and Cu and moderately polluted with Cr. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Pb, Cu, and Cr could have their origin in tire wear, brake pads, bearings, and bushings.Conclusions
The findings of this study revealed that RDS from Tijuana are polluted with TPH and heavy metals and that their principal sources are anthropogenic activities.
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