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Fyodor A. Tatarinov Emil CiencialaPetr Vopenka Vitaliy Avilov 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(10):1919-1927
The simulation of forest production until 2100 under different environmental scenarios and current management practices was performed using a process-based model BIOME-BGC previously parameterized for the main Central-European tree species: spruce, pine, beech and oak and adapted to include forest management practices. Climatic scenario HadCM3 used in the simulations was taken from the IPCC database created within the 3rd Assessment Report. It was combined with a scenario of CO2 concentration development and a scenario of N deposition. The control scenario considered no changes of climatic characteristics, CO2 concentration and N deposition. Simulation experiment was performed for the test region - South Bohemia - using a 1 km × 1 km grid. The actual data on the regional forest cover were aggregated for each grid cell in such a way that each cell represented an even-aged single-dominant species stand or non-forested area, and a standard management scenario depending on the stand age and species was applied to each cell. The effect of environmental variables was estimated as the difference of simulated carbon pools and fluxes in 2050 under environmental changes and under control scenario.The model simulation for the period to 2050 with only climate change under constant CO2 concentration and N deposition indicated a small decrease of NPP (median values by species reached −0.9 to −1.7% for different species), NBP (−0.3 to −1.7%) and vegetation carbon (−0.3 to −0.7%), whereas soil C slightly increased. Separate increase of N deposition gave small positive effect on carbon pools (0.8-2.9% for wood C and about 0.5% for soil C) and more expressed effect on carbon fluxes (1.8-4.3% for NPP and 1.0-9.7% for NBP). Separate increase of CO2 concentration lead to 0.6-2.4% increase of wood C pool and 0.1-0.5% increase of soil C. The positive effects of CO2 concentration and N deposition were more pronounced for coniferous than for deciduous stands.Replacement of 0.5% of coniferous plantations every year by natural broadleaved stands evoked 10.5% of increase of wood carbon pool due to higher wood density of beech and oak compared to spruce and pine, but slightly decreased soil and litter carbon pools. 相似文献
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Alexandra S. Silchenko Anatoly I. Kalinovsky Sergey A. Avilov Pelageya V. Andrijaschenko Roman S. Popov Pavel S. Dmitrenok Ekaterina A. Chingizova Vladimir I. Kalinin 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Six new monosulfated triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, namely, the kurilosides A1 (1), A2 (2), C1 (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6), as well as the known earlier kuriloside A (7), having unusual non-holostane aglycones without lactone, have been isolated from the sea cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near Onekotan Island from a depth of 100 m. Structures of the glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Kurilosides of the groups A and E contain carbohydrate moieties with a rare architecture (a pentasaccharide branched by C(4) Xyl1), differing from each other in the second monosaccharide residue (quinovose or glucose, correspondingly); kurilosides of the group C are characterized by a unique tetrasaccharide branched by a C(4) Xyl1 sugar chain; and kurilosides of the groups D and F are hexaosides differing from each other in the presence of an O-methyl group in the fourth (terminal) sugar unit. All these glycosides contain a sulfate group at C-6 of the glucose residue attached to C-4 Xyl1 and the non-holostane aglycones have a 9(11) double bond and lack γ-lactone. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–7 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells and erythrocytes were studied. Kuriloside A1 (1) was the most active compound in the series, demonstrating strong cytotoxicity against the erythrocytes and JB-6 cells and a moderate effect against Neuro 2a cells. 相似文献
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A. S. Avilov S. V. Lukin N. Ya. Shmyreva A. A. Zavalin O. A. Sokolov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2018,44(3):245-249
It is shown that an increase in winter wheat on typical chernozem characterized by the acid reaction of the soil medium leads to a decrease in grain yield to 30% and straw weight to 25%. The crop reached the maximum level after introducing urea and manure wastes (the yield gain was 199% in neutral soil and 165% in acidic soil). The improvement of plant nitrogen nutrition by introducing fertilizers led to an increase in the protein content in grain by 1.2 times on both soils; at the same time, the protein content was 1.1 times lower in acidic soil than in the neutral one. The maximum content of protein in winter wheat grain accumulated after both types of fertilizers were applied on neutral soil; the use of manure wastes alone decreased the protein content in grain. It has been revealed that a decrease in the yield of grain and a decrease in the content of crude protein in this grain after acidification of typical chernozem is due to a decrease in the amount of mineral nitrogen in soil and an increase in its gaseous losses. The pattern of nitrogen transformation in soil, as well as the availability of nitrogen for the plants, varied as the reaction of the medium changed. In acidic soil, the consumption of mineral fertilizer nitrogen and manure wastes by the plants decreased by 12–13% and the consumption of soil nitrogen decreased by 45%. The effect of wastes decreased the consumption of urea nitrogen by 49% (neutral soil) and by 69% (acidic soil). The consumption of fertilizer nitrogen by the plants decreased by 12–15% after acidifying typical chernozem and by 12–17% after immobilizing this type of chernozem and increased gaseous losses by 18–81%. It has been concluded that the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat maintains the ecological balance (homeostasis) when wastes from a pig-breeding complex are used and is exposed to stress when urea is applied in acid chernozem. Soil acidification decreased the resistance of agrophytocenosis to the level that is observed when manure wastes were applied and to adaptive depletion when urea was used. 相似文献
4.
Viktoriya Dzyuba Borys Dzyuba Jacky Cosson Sergii Boryshpolets Gunes Yamaner Vitaliy Kholodniy Marek Rodina 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1731-1739
Oxidative stress is a possible source of spermatozoa function deterioration. Seminal fluid (SF) protects spermatozoa against reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack during development in testes and transit through the reproductive tract. Spermatozoa curvilinear velocity and percent of motile cells as well as changes in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, and uric acid concentration in SF were evaluated in sterlet sperm collected from testes 24 h after hormone induction of spermiation and from Wolffian ducts at 12, 24, 36, and 60 h after hormone injection (HI). While testicular spermatozoa motility was not initiated in activating medium, Wolffian duct sperm showed low motility at 12 h, significant increase at 24 and 36 h, and decrease at 60 h. Testicular SF was characterized by the highest level of TBARS and activity of studied enzymes compared with SF from Wolffian duct sperm at 24 h post-HI. In fluid from Wolffian duct sperm, a significant increase in TBARS content was shown at 36–60 h post-HI. In contrast to testicular SF, in SF from Wolffian duct sperm, this increase was not counterbalanced by changes in the studied variables of antioxidant system. This may be the source of the observed decrease in spermatozoa motility parameters 60 h post-HI. The results may confirm a dual role of ROS in fish sperm physiology. The data with respect to decrease in sturgeon spermatozoa motility parameters at 60 h post-HI should be taken into account in artificial sturgeon propagation. 相似文献
5.
Vitaliy Yu. Novikov Nadezhda V. Shumskaya Vyacheslav A. Mukhin Konstantin V. Zolotarev Anton N. Mikhailov Valeriya I. Nakhod Marina V. Mikhailova 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) processing wastes are massive and unutilized in the Murmansk region of Russia. The samples of skin-containing waste of Atlantic cod fillets production were hydrolyzed using enzyme preparations derived from red king crab hepatopancreases, porcine pancreases, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The activity of enzymes from crab hepatopancreases was significantly higher than the activity of enzymes derived from other sources. The optimal conditions of the hydrolysis process have been figured out. The samples of cod processing waste hydrolysate were analyzed for amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution. The samples of hydrolysate were used as core components for bacterial culture medium samples. The efficiency of the medium samples was tested for Escherichia coli growth rate; the most efficient sample had an efficiency of 95.3% of that of a commercially available medium based on fish meal. Substitution of medium components with those derived from industrial by-products is one of the ways to decrease a cost of a culture medium in biopharmaceutical drug production. 相似文献
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Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: Housing and manure storage 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Barbara Amon Vitaliy Kryvoruchko Martina Frhlich Thomas Amon Alfred Pllinger Irene Msenbacher Anton Hausleitner 《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):199-207
Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare while minimizing the overall emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs, which can be operated economically on commercial farms. Emissions from conventional slurry based pig houses have been intensively studied, but more research is needed into straw based systems. In this study, we quantified emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases from a straw flow system with or without daily removal of slurry to an outside store. The effect of applying a solid cover during outside storage was also examined.
Emissions of NH3, N2O, CH4, and volatile organic C (VOC) from a commercial straw flow system for fattening pigs in Upper Austria were measured between June 2003 and March 2004. Emissions of CH4 during housing were 1.24 and 0.54 kg CH4 per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal, respectively. The corresponding N2O emissions amounted to 39.9 and 24.5 g N2O per pig place per year, and NH3 emissions to 2.10 and 1.90 kg NH3 per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal. Emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3, and of total greenhouse gases, from the straw flow system were lower than literature reference values for forced ventilated fully slatted floor systems. Daily removal of the manure to an outside store reduced emissions from the pig house.
Emissions during storage of pig slurry derived from a straw flow system were quantified between June 2004 and June 2005. Slurry was stored in pilot scale stores with or without a solid cover and emissions quantified by a large open dynamic chamber. The solid cover reduced NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions by 30 and 50%, respectively. During cold climatic conditions stored pig manure emitted less NH3 and greenhouse gases than when stored under warm climatic conditions. We recommend the use of separate emission factors for slurry storage in the colder and warmer periods in the national emission inventory, and the use of covers on pig slurry stores.
Overall, it is concluded that the straw flow system may combine recommendations of animal welfare and environmental protection. 相似文献
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Olga V. Chervyakova PhD Vitaliy M. Strochkov Kulyaisan T. Sultankulova Nurlan T. Sandybayev Abylay R. Sansyzbay Nikolay E. Gorev Maria V. Sergeeva Marina V. PotapchukLudmila M. Tsybalova DMSc Oleg I. Kiselev 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Recombinant cold-adapted strain A/HK/Otar/6:2/2010 (H3N8) constructed by the method of classic genetic reassortment, inherited the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the epizootic A/equine/Otar/764/2007 (Н3N8) virus and genes of nonglycosylated proteins from attenuation donor A/Hong Kong/1/68/162/35 (H3N2). The resulted virus was of cold-adapted (efficient growth at 25°C) and temperature-sensitive (restricted replication at 39°C) phenotype. Like the parental virus of subtype H3N2, the resulted reassortant was attenuated, with limited replication in lungs of mice (1.75 lgEID50/mL) versus replication in turbinate (2.5 lgEID50/mL). Intranasal immunization of mice with A/HK/Otar/6:2/2010 (H3N8) reassortant did not induce animal weight reduction in contrast to epizootic A/equine/Otar/764/2007 (Н3N8) virus. 相似文献
10.
Alexandra S. Silchenko Anatoly I. Kalinovsky Sergey A. Avilov Pelageya V. Andrijaschenko Roman S. Popov Pavel S. Dmitrenok Ekaterina A. Chingizova Vladimir I. Kalinin 《Marine drugs》2021,19(4)
Nine new mono-, di-, and trisulfated triterpene penta- and hexaosides, kurilosides A3 (1), D1 (2), G (3), H (4), I (5), I1 (6), J (7), K (8), and K1 (9) and two desulfated derivatives, DS-kuriloside L (10), having a trisaccharide branched chain, and DS-kuriloside M (11), having hexa-nor-lanostane aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond, have been isolated from the Far-Eastern deep-water sea cucumber Thyonidium (=Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) and their structures were elucidated based on 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass-spectrometry. Five earlier unknown carbohydrate chains and two aglycones (having a 16β,(20S)-dihydroxy-fragment and a 16β-acetoxy,(20S)-hydroxy fragment) were found in these glycosides. All the glycosides 1–9 have a sulfate group at C-6 Glc, attached to C-4 Xyl1, while the positions of the other sulfate groups vary in different groups of kurilosides. The analysis of the structural features of the aglycones and the carbohydrate chains of all the glycosides of T. kurilensis showed their biogenetic relationships. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–9 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes were studied. The highest cytotoxicity in the series was demonstrated by trisulfated hexaoside kuriloside H (4), having acetoxy-groups at C(16) and C(20), the latter one obviously compensated the absence of a side chain, essential for the membranolytic action of the glycosides. Kuriloside I1 (6), differing from 4 in the lacking of a terminal glucose residue in the bottom semi-chain, was slightly less active. The compounds 1–3, 5, and 8 did not demonstrate cytotoxic activity due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in their aglycones. 相似文献