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Dhungana Sanjeev Kumar Kim Il-Doo Adhikari Bishnu Kim Jeong-Ho Shin Dong-Hyun 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(1):11-16
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of... 相似文献
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With growing use of synthetic adjuvants in modern agriculture, their impacts on the environment are being questioned. In a search for an environmentally safe phyto-adjuvant, we have investigated natural glycosidic saponin for delivery of agromaterials through plant cuticle membranes. Four saponin preparations from Quillaja saponaria bark (QE), obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and Balanites aegyptiaca fruit mesocarp (ME), kernel (KE), and root (RE), isolated and characterized in our laboratory, were used for testing the delivery of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) across isolated intact astomatous adaxial Citrus grandis leaf cuticle membranes (CMs). The results showed that both Q. saponaria and B. aegyptiaca saponin preparations enhanced delivery of 2,4-D through CMs. Among the saponin preparations, ME exhibited a significantly higher level of delivery of 2,4-D with a concentration effect (2% being the highest). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization of these saponin preparations in aqueous solution clearly demonstrated the formation of nanoscale vesicles. Various possibilities for a natural amphiphatic phyto-saponin as a delivery adjuvant through CMs are discussed. 相似文献
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Bishnu Hari Pandit Ramji Prasad Neupane Bishal K. Sitaula Roshan M. Bajracharya 《Small-Scale Forestry》2013,12(3):475-487
In view of the heavy people’s dependence (80 %) on various forms of land-based resources, carbon sequestration should not only be targeted in forests, but also on private land agroforestry. A survey was conducted in 2011 to investigate the gap in contribution of agroforestry carbon to the household economy in the middle hills region of Rasuwa district of Nepal. A total of 120 households were randomly selected and surveyed, of which eight were further examined for detailed tree carbon measurement. It is estimated that a total of 48.60 ton C per hectare has been stocked in agroforestry sites in the middle hills region. Assuming a carbon price of $US12/ton, the total potential income from carbon sequestration per household would amount to NPR 45,490/ha in 20 years of agroforestry if a payment scheme were introduced. The income from carbon sequestration is quite low compared with other agroforestry income. Policy implications are thus oriented towards farmers reaping multiple benefits from the existing international mechanisms by having negotiations based on contribution of all agroforestry components (farm trees, crops and animals) rather than limited to forest carbon stock. To benefit from these multiple functions of farms and forests, the policy framework to address the climate-related affects and risks (e.g., of landslides, burst of Himalayan lakes) should be broad enough to produce potential synergy between the negative effect of climate change and agroforestry income. 相似文献
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Ranjit S. Kataria Periasamy Kathiravan Shyam S. Bulandi D. Pandey Bishnu P. Mishra 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):849-855
The present study was undertaken to evaluate different Indian riverine buffalo breeds (Bubalus bubalis) for mutation drift equilibrium and occurrence of any recent genetic bottleneck. A total of 330 animals from seven different
breeds were analyzed with a set of 24 heterologous microsatellite markers. Three different tests revealed significant heterozygosity
excess in all the seven buffalo breeds studied when assumed under infinite alleles model of microsatellite evolution, while
it was the reverse with no significant heterozygosity excess when assumed under conservative stepwise mutation model. Under
the two-phase model, all the buffalo breeds except Mehsana were found to be in mutation drift equilibrium when evaluated by
all the three statistical methods. Standardized differences test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant heterozygosity
excess suggesting possible cryptic demographic bottleneck in Mehsana buffaloes of Western India. 相似文献
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Kathiravan Periasamy Kataria Ranjit S. Mishra Bishnu P. Dubey Praveen K. Selvakumar M. Tyagi Neetu 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):1021-1026
The present study aimed at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sites in different coding and non-coding regions
of lactoferrin gene in Indian riverine buffaloes. A total of 102 animals from six different river buffalo breeds were screened
at six bubaline lactoferrin gene loci. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed monomorphic patterns
at three loci LtfE2, LtfE11, and LtfE14 while a total of eight distinct patterns were observed in the other three loci viz.
LtfE5, LtfE10, and LtfE16 which correspond to respective exons and their flanking regions. Sequence analysis of different
SSCP variants revealed the presence of two SNP sites within the coding (exon 16) region and five SNP sites in flanking non-coding
regions (intron 4 and intron 9). Both SNPs within exon 16 were found to be synonymous. The SNPs and haplotypes identified
in the present study could serve as potential markers for association with susceptibility/resistance to mastitis in buffaloes. 相似文献
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Sequence and topological characterization of Toll-like receptor 8 gene of Indian riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Praveen Kumar Dubey Shubham Goyal Jigyasa Aggarwal Suresh Kumar Gahlawat Periasamy Kathiravan Bishnu Prasad Mishra Ranjit Singh Kataria 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):91-99
In this study, buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) gene has been characterized by sequence analysis and detecting polymorphism. Complete ORF of buffalo TLR8 gene was amplified using the RNA isolated from spleen tissue, which was found to be 3,102 nucleotides long encoding a 1,033 amino acid protein. Buffalo TLR8 had 10 nucleotide changes as compared to other livestock species resulting in six unique amino acid changes, four of them lying within leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. As compared to cattle (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), out of fifteen cysteine residues, fourteen were conserved and Cys at position 521 was replaced by Arg. Nine of the LRR domains had no amino acid change as compared to cattle, whereas LRR-C-terminus had maximum, five amino acid changes. Sequence characterization of 12 riverine and swamp buffaloes revealed presence of four polymorphic nucleotides, two of them were non-synonymous, one synonymous and one site in 3′UTR. PCR-RFLP genotyping of non-synonymous SNP 2758A>G (ILeu920Val) in Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain of 463 swamp and riverine buffaloes showed a higher frequency of allele A in swamp (95 %) as compared to riverine (9.84 %) buffaloes. 相似文献
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Community-Based Forest Enterprises in Nepal: An Analysis of Their Role in Increasing Income Benefits to the Poor 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This paper examines the effective practices and constraints of community-based forest management enterprises (CBFEs) in Nepal
in providing income benefits to the poor. The tenure reform clarity and strengthening of tenure rights at community level
through various CBFM programs in Nepal in the last few decades has enhanced opportunities for the rural people to benefit
from forest-based enterprises. However, a key concerns as these programs have advanced over the years has been whether the
poor benefit from them given their high dependence on the forests. To examine this question, 28 CBFE from Nepal’s mid-hills
and mountain districts were selected purposively from among forest user groups (FUGs) engaged in income-generating activities,
varying in their size of membership, use of forest products and stage of growth. These CBFEs have been broadly categorised
into FUGs, networks, cooperatives and companies. The contribution from enterprises to the household economy was found to be
greatest from companies, followed by cooperatives and then networks. The effective practices of the CBFEs in increasing income
benefits were found to include representation of the poor and marginalized groups in executive committees in the FUGs-based
enterprises, targeted employment of the poorest in the collection of non-timber forest products and in processing units in
networks, and enabling the poor to own share capital in cooperatives and companies. The common constraint across all these
categories was found to be lack of adequate capital to sustain the enterprises without external support.The specific constraints
were small membership and land size among FUGs, lack of legal recognition of networks, lack of management skills and member
discipline for cooperatives, and lack of raw materials and marketing capacity for companies. The paper also discusses: the
importance of further policy support to formalize forest user groups into networks, cooperatives and private companies; value
addition to forest products; and capacity building for CBFEs, government line agencies and business services providers. 相似文献