Carotenoid intakes, assessed by food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are associated with serum carotenoid concentrations in the Jackson Heart Study: validation of the Jackson Heart Study Delta NIRI Adult FFQs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Talegawkar SA  Johnson EJ  Carithers TC  Taylor HA  Bogle ML  Tucker KL 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(10):989-997

OBJECTIVES: Intake and status of carotenoids have been associated with chronic disease. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between carotenoid intakes as measured by two regional food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and their corresponding measures in serum, and to report on dietary food sources of carotenoids in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data for 402 African American men and women participating in the Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study (DPASS) of the JHS. RESULTS: Mean serum carotenoid concentrations and intakes in this population were comparable to those reported for the general US population. After adjustment for covariates, correlations between serum and dietary measures of each carotenoid, for the average of the recalls (deattenuated), the short FFQ and the long FFQ, respectively, were: 035 and 0-carotene; 026 and 0-carotene; 017 and 0-carotene; 034 and 0-cryptoxanthin; 015 and 037, 014 for lycopene. Major dietary sources of -carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin, mustard, turnip and collard greens; of beta-cryptoxanthin, orange juice; and of lycopene, tomato juice. CONCLUSIONS: On average, carotenoid intakes and serum concentrations are not lower in this southern African American population than the general US population. The two regional FFQs developed for a southern US population and used as dietary assessment tools in the JHS appear to provide reasonably valid information for most of these carotenoids.  相似文献   

Ulcerative enterocolitis in two goats associated with enterotoxin- and beta2 toxin-positive Clostridium perfringens type D     

Francisco A Uzal  Derek J Fisher  Juliann Saputo  Sameera Sayeed  Bruce A McClane  Glenn Songer  Hien T Trinh  Mariano E Fernandez Miyakawa  Sharon Gard 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):668-672

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep is believed to result from the action of epsilon toxin (ETX). However, the sole role of ETX in the intestinal changes of the acute and chronic forms of enterotoxemia in goats remains controversial, and the synergistic action of other C. perfringens toxins has been suggested previously. The current study examined 2 goats that were found dead without premonitory clinical signs. Gross lesions at necropsy consisted of multifocal fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis, edematous lungs, and excess pleural fluid. Histologically, there were multifocal fibrinonecrotic and ulcerative ileitis and colitis, edema of the colonic serosa, and proteinaceous interstitial edema of the lungs. Clostridium perfringens type D carrying the genes for enterotoxin (CPE) and beta2 toxin (CPB2) was cultured from intestinal content and feces of 1 of 2 goats, while C. perfringens type D CPB2-positive was isolated from the other animal. When multiple colonies of the primary isolations from both animals were tested by Western blot, most of the isolates expressed CPB2, and only a few isolates from the first case expressed CPE. Alpha toxin and ETX were detected in ileal and colonic contents and feces of both animals by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CPB2, but not CPE, was identified in the small and large intestines of both goats by immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate that CPB2 may have contributed to the necrotic changes observed in the intestine, possibly assisting ETX transit across the intestinal mucosa.  相似文献   

Targeted species substitution in giant freshwater prawn trade revealed by genotyping     

Deepak Jose  Harikrishnan Mahadevan  Jenson Victor Rozario  Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep  Saswata Maitra  Sameera Shamsudheen 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):687-695

This study presents the molecular barcoding results of giant freshwater prawns and allied products collected from inland landing centres, markets and stores of Vembanad Lake (Kerala state, India) which is recognized as a natural abode for Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns collected from landing centres of the lake could be easily identified as the above with their large size and morphological characters. There were certain ‘alien’ prawns and prawn products (headless shell on, peeled and deveined) traded in the markets and stores of this region as M. rosenbergii. Genotyping of all these samples using COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the speciation of individuals from inland landing centres as M. rosenbergii, ‘alien’ prawns and certain prawn products as M. malcolmsonii. To ensure the same and to detect the presence of any other congeners of genus Macrobrachium inhabiting Vembanad Lake, additional homologous COI and 16S rRNA sequences available in NCBI were acquired and incorporated for molecular analyses. Results generated from NJ tree and genetic distance data confirmed the trade of non‐indigenous Macrobrachium species M. malcolmsonii in Kerala for the first time and its use as a species substituent for M. rosenbergii.  相似文献   

Evaluation of soybean meal from different sources as an ingredient in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei     

Harsha Sameera Chathuranga Galkanda Arachchige  Xuan Qiu  Hans H. Stein  Allen Davis 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1230-1247

Solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) is generated using different varieties of soybeans grown under a range of conditions and then processed at different crushing plants. Due to its competitive cost and availability, it is a popular plant‐based protein source for shrimp feed formulations. However, there is limited information about effects of variations in the nutritional composition of soybean meal have on performances of shrimp. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the effects of different soybean sources on the growth performances of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two growth trials were conducted with iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic (350 g/kg protein and 80 g/kg lipid) test diets formulated with 25 sources of soybean meal. Trial one incorporated 14 treatments including a soy‐based diet containing 517 g/kg SBM (eight replicates) and this soy source was then replaced with 13 different soybean sources (four replicates per treatment). The second trial used the same basal diet and 11 different sources of soybean meal (Total 12 diets) with five replicates per treatment. Both growth trials were conducted with a stocking density of 10 shrimps/aquarium in a semi‐closed recirculating system and the initial weight of shrimps for trials 1 and 2 were 0.23 g ± 0.02 and 0.67 g ± 0.02 respectively. During the two trials, shrimp were fed four times/day assuming a FCR of 1.8, over 42 days for trial 1 and 35 days for trial 2. Results indicated that there are differences among sources of soybean meal for standardized percentage TGC. Diet 21 that contained SBM4550 had the largest value for TGC whereas the lowest value for TGC was observed for shrimp fed diet 17 that contained SBM45536. According to the statistical analysis that was used to interpret the growth performance data from the complete chemical profile of the SBM, phosphorous, phytate‐phosphorous and total phytic acid levels had positive correlations (p < 0.005) with TGC whereas raffinose (p = 0.086) had a negative correlation with TGC. Results of this work indicates phosphorous, phosphorous in phytic acid and total phytic acid and raffinose are important components in SBM that may have significant effects on the growth performances of pacific white shrimp.  相似文献   

A new strain of white spot syndrome virus affecting Litopenaeus vannamei in Indian shrimp farms          下载免费PDF全文

S Sivakumar  S Vimal  S Abdul Majeed  S Santhosh Kumar  G Taju  N Madan  T Rajkumar  S Thamizhvanan  K V Shamsudheen  V Scaria  S Sivasubbu  A S Sahul Hameed 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1129-1146

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV)‐infected shrimp samples collected from grow‐out ponds located at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, showed WSSV negative and positive by PCR using primer sets specific to ORF119 and VP28 gene of WSSV, respectively. This indicated the deletion of genetic fragments in the genome of WSSV. The WSSV isolate along with lab strain of WSSV was subjected to next‐generation sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed a deletion of 13,170 bp at five positions in the genome of WSSV‐NS (new strain) relative to WSSV‐TH and WSSV‐LS (lab strain). The PCR analysis using the ORF's specific primer sets revealed the complete deletion of 10 ORFs in the genome of WSSV‐NS strain. The primer set was designed based on sequence covering ORF161/162/163 to amplify a product of 2,748 bp for WSSV‐LS and 402 bp for WSSV‐NS. Our surveillance programme carried out since 2002 revealed the replacement of WSSV‐LS by WSSV‐NS in Indian shrimp culture system.  相似文献