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1.
Nurcan Erbil Zehra Tugba Murathan Mehmet Arslan Ahmet Ilcim Bilge Sayin 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(3):203-209
The pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important fruits consumed in daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities, of various pear cultivars. The fruits of five pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars (‘Deveci’, ‘Kizil’, ‘Egirsah’, ‘Gugum’, and ‘Banda’) were used in this study. It was determined that the peel and pulp of the ‘Kizil’ pear had the highest total phenolic content (402.5?mg/100?g and 215.2?mg/100?g, respectively), while those of the ‘Banda’ pear had the lowest total phenolic content (326?mg/100?g and 126.1?mg/100?g, respectively). Additionally, the ‘Kizil’ pear showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability assay (FRAP) (1.72 μmol TE/g FW and 161.25?μmol Fe II/g FW, respectively) and the highest ascorbic acid content (16.02?mg/100?g). The ‘Banda’ pear showed the highest antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. However, none of the pear extracts displayed antifungal activity. While all doses of the ‘Kizil’, ‘Gugum’, and ‘Banda’ pear extracts used in this study, except 80?μL/plate, exhibited antimutagenic activities, only the lowest dose (10?μL/plate) of the ‘Deveci’ pear extract showed the antimutagenic activity against induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain. Consequently, the five Turkish pear cultivars used in this study exhibited different levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities. 相似文献
2.
With the increasing demand of fabrics for special usage areas, more complex woven structures are designed and from the structural
point of view, especially the parameters which affect the comfort properties become more important. This paper reports the
effect of structural parameters of double layered woven fabrics, such as number of interlacing picks, period of interlacing
and number of weft skips on the basic comfort properties of the fabrics (thickness, air permeability and wicking properties)
produced according to Taguchi orthogonal array design. The investigated parameters were determined before and after finishing
treatment. According to the results, it is found that period of interlacing has an important effect on the thickness and air
permeability of both untreated and treated fabrics whereas in terms of drying coefficient, the effect of the investigated
parameters is not statistically important. 相似文献
3.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through system (1–1.5 L min−1) at 27°C to determine dietary protein requirement for Channa punctatus fingerlings (4.58 ± 0.29 g) by feeding six isocaloric diets (18.39 kJ g−1, gross energy). Diets containing graded levels of protein (300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g kg−1) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation at 09:00 and 16:00 h. Maximum absolute weight gain (AWG; 8.11 g
fish−1), specific growth rate (SGR; 1.82%) and best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.48) were recorded in fish fed diet containing
450 g kg−1 protein, whereas protein efficiency ratio (PER; 1.52), protein retention efficiency (PRE; 25%), energy retention efficiency
(ERE; 78%) and RNA/DNA ratio (3.01) were maximum for the group fed dietary protein at 400 g kg−1. Second-degree polynomial regression analysis of AWG, SGR and FCR data against varying levels of dietary protein yielded
optimum dietary protein requirement of fingerling between 462.24 and 476.72 g kg−1, whereas the regression analysis of PER, PRE, ERE and RNA/DNA ratio data showed a lower protein requirement of 438.28–444.43 g kg−1 of the diet. Considering the PER, PRE, ERE and RNA/DNA ratio as more reliable indicators, this protein requirement is recommended
for developing quality protein commercial feeds for C. punctatus fingerlings. 相似文献
4.
Dietary histidine requirement of fingerling Catla Catla (Hamilton) based on growth,protein gain,histidine gain,RNA/DNA ratio,haematological indices and carcass composition 
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下载免费PDF全文 To investigate the histidine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.65 ± 0.15 cm; 0.65 ± 0.36 g), six casein‐gelatin based diets (33% CP; 13.58 kJ g?1 DE) containing graded levels of L‐histidine (0.25%, 0.39%, 0.53%, 0.67%, 0.83%, 0.96% of the dry diet) were fed near to satiation thrice a day for 12 weeks. Maximum absolute weight gain (AWG; 8.63 g fish?1), protein gain (PG; 1.45 g fish?1), histidine gain (HG, 48.19 mg fish?1), RNA/DNA ratio (4.15), best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.31), highest haemoglobin (Hb, 9.61 g dL?1), RBCs (2.84 × 106 mm?3) and haematocrit (Ht, 30.12%) were recorded in fish fed diet containing 0.67% histidine. However, broken‐line regression analysis of AWG, PG, HG, RNA/DNA ratio, FCR, Hb, Ht and RBCs against dietary histidine reflected the histidine requirement at 0.65%, 0.64%, 0.63%, 0.68%, 0.63%, 0.66%, 0.68% and 0.65% dry diet respectively. Carcass protein was found to improve significantly (P < 0.05) from 13.36% to 16.42% with the increase in dietary histidine from 0.25% to 0.67%. Based on regression analysis of AWG, PG, HG, RNA/DNA ratio, FCR, Hb, Ht and RBCs, it is recommended that the diet for fingerling catla should contain histidine in the range of 0.63–0.68% dry diet, equivalent to 1.91–2.06% of the dietary protein for optimum growth, feed utilization, blood profile and carcass composition. 相似文献
5.
Dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp,Catla catla (Hamilton) estimated by growth,protein retention efficiency,threonine deposition,haematological parameters and carcass composition 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Catla catla (3.35 ± 0.11 cm; 0.59 ± 0.06 g). Six casein‐gelatin based (33% crude protein; 3.23 kcal g?1 digestible energy) amino acid test diets with graded levels of analysed threonine (0.74%, 0.96%, 1.21%, 1.48%, 1.72% and 1.93% dry diet) were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of fish. Absolute weight gain (g per fish), feed conversion ratio, protein retention efficiency, threonine deposition, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass protein significantly improved with the increase in dietary threonine and peaked at 1.48% of the dry diet. Haematological indices were also found to be best in fish fed at 1.48% threonine diet. Quadratic regression analysis of absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein retention efficiency, threonine deposition, RNA/DNA ratio, carcass protein, haemoglobin (g dL?1), haematocrit (%) and RBCs (106 × mm?3) at 95% of maximum and minimum response exhibited the threonine requirement of fingerling C. catla between 1.35% and 1.48% dry diet, corresponding to 4.09–4.48% dietary protein. Present finding would be useful in formulating threonine‐balanced feeds for the intensive culture of C. catla. 相似文献
6.
Zehra Guler Elif Candir Halit Yetisir Fatih Karaca Ilknur Solmaz 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):448-452
SummaryVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for flavour development in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The objective of this study was to investigate the rootstock effects of 21 local bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] accessions collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) on the concentrations of VOCs in watermelon over 2 years. The watermelon cultivar ‘Crimson Tide’ was used as the scion and two commercial bottle gourd rootstocks were also used for comparison. The VOCs in each rootstock-scion combination were analysed using static headspace (SHS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 24 VOCs were identified in watermelon fruit, including 11 aldehydes, seven alcohols, four ketones, one heterocyclic compound, and one acid. Acetaldehyde (25.9 – 39.5% of the total peak areas), propanal (5.0 – 8.3%), 2-propanone (2.5 – 4.9%), pentanal (2.1 – 3.6%), hexenal (14.5 – 22.6%), (E)-2-hexenal (0.4 – 2.3%), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (10.0 – 19.05%), nonanal (1.6 – 4.4%), (Z)-6-nonenal (4.0 – 9.8%), (E)-2-nonenal (0.6 – 2.0%), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (2.1 – 3.7%), (Z)-6-nonenol (1.0 – 3.2%), and (E,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (1.0 – 3.7%) were the most abundant VOCs found in all watermelon scions. There was no significant effect (P ≥ 0.05) of rootstock on the concentrations of acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, heptanal, ethanol, 1-pentanol, 2-propanone, 2-pentyl furan, or acetic acid. Propanal, 2-propanone, and acetic acid were identified as VOCs in watermelon for the first time. Hexanal, (Z)-6-nonanal, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one concentrations were strongly affected by rootstock. The results showed that the local bottle gourd accessions 07-06 and 31-09, in particular, were the most promising genotypes in terms of producing favourable VOCs. Except for the local bottle gourd accessions 33-35, 01-17, and 07-04, the other 18 gourds accessions had high potential as rootstocks for breeding programmes in watermelon with regard to desirable VOC concentrations. Rootstock 31-09 should be considered for commercial production in terms of improved disease resistance, fruit yield, and fruit quality. 相似文献
7.
Dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.55 ± 0.05 cm; 0.61 ± 0.02 g) was determined by feeding casein–gelatin‐based isonitrogenous (33% crude protein) and isocaloric (3.40 kcal/g digestible energy) amino acid test diets containing six graded levels of l ‐arginine (1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, and 2.25% dry diet) for 12 wk. Maximum absolute weight gain (6.93 g/fish), protein efficiency ratio (2.13), protein deposition (0.36), arginine retention efficiency (78%), and best feed conversion ratio (1.42) were recorded in fish fed 1.75% arginine of the dry diet. Maximum carcass protein (15.57%) and RNA/DNA ratio (4.79) were also recorded for the group fed 1.75% arginine of the dry diet. Quadratic regression analysis at 95% maximum or minimum response of above growth parameters yielded optimum arginine requirement of fingerling C. catla at 1.67% of the dry diet. On the basis of the above analysis of the growth parameters, it is recommended that the inclusion of dietary arginine at 1.67% of the dry diet is optimum for formulating arginine‐balanced, cost‐effective quality feeds for the mass culture of fingerling C. catla . 相似文献
8.
Erdener Karadağ Zehra Deniz Kasim Semiha Kundakcı Ömer Barış Üzüm 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(1):9-21
In this report, it was to investigate that the swelling and dye sorption properties of a series of novel hybrid composite hydrogel sorbent systems containing polysaccharide/clay polyelectrolyte based on acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate and sodium alginate, and clay such as bentonite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as a crosslinker. Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25 °C, gravimetrically. The hydrogels, the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, and the hybrid composite hydrogel systems that synthesized in this study have showed high water absorbency. Some swelling and diffusion properties were calculated, and they were discussed for the hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. The equilibrium percentage swelling degree of highly swollen hybrid composite hydrogel systems ranges are 718-2055 %. FT-IR analysis and SEM technique were applied for characterization. For sorption of water-soluble cationic dye such as lauths violet into the hydrogel systems was studied by batch sorption technique at 25 °C. For equilibrium sorption studies, dye sorption percentage, dye uptake performance, and partition coefficient of the hydrogel systems have been investigated. The values of dye sorption percentage of the hydrogels were changed among 87.11-96.39 %. Consequently, the hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and dye sorbent. 相似文献
9.
10.
Total sulphur amino acid requirement and maximum cysteine replacement value for methionine for fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Two separate 12 weeks feeding trials were performed to quantify the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirement (experiment I) and cysteine replacement value for methionine (experiment II) of fingerling Catla catla. In experiment I, six casein–gelatin based (33% crude protein; 16.72 kJ g?1 gross energy) diets with graded levels of TSAA (0.56%, 0.81%, 1.06%, 1.31%, 1.56%, 1.81% dry diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (3.55 ± 0.06 cm; 0.65 ± 0.02 g) near to satiation. The TSAA requirement was determined by quadratic regression analysis of absolute weight gain (AWG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed efficiency (FE), protein gain (PG) and TSAA gain (TSAAG) against dietary TSAA concentrations at 95% maximum response. Above analysis revealed that inclusion of TSAA at 1.28% dry diet (1.22% methionine + 0.06% cysteine), corresponding to 3.87% of dietary protein is optimum. In experiment II, to determine the replacement value of cysteine for methionine, six diets containing 1.28% TSAA determined in experiment I with different ratios of l ‐methionine and l ‐cysteine (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70) on equimolar sulphur basis were fed to fish (3.65 ± 0.08 cm; 0.67 ± 0.04 g). Broken‐line regression analysis of AWG, PER, FE, PG and TSAAG against varying methionine to cysteine ratios yielded the optimum cysteine replacement value at 40.3%. Based on above analysis, it is recommended that inclusion of 1.28% dietary TSAA, corresponding to 3.87% of dietary protein is optimum of which 40.3% could be spared by cysteine. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating TSAA balanced, cost‐effective feeds for the intensive culture of this fish. 相似文献