Manoalide derivatives from a marine sponge Luffariella sp. collected in Palau     

Michio  NAMIKOSHI  Shigeo  SUZUKI  Shiori  MEGURO  Hiroshi  NAGAI  Yoshio  KOIKE  Akira  KITAZAWA  Hisayoshi  KOBAYASHI  Taiko  ODA  Junko  YAMADA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(1):152-158

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Effect of bilateral cecal ligation on use of dietary energy in growing chickens     

Kunio SUGAHARA  Mako MATSUMOTO  Motoko YAMADA  Fumiaki YAOSHIZAWA  Yutaka KARASAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):431-434

In order to determine the role of the cecum on energy use in growing chickens, metabolizability of the dietary energy and energy expenditure were examined in the week following bilateral ligation and washing out of the cecum. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 14.30 and 13.69 kJ/g air‐dry matter for sham‐operated and cecally ligated chickens, respectively. These values were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). Although AME intake and fasting heat production were decreased by cecal ligation, the distribution of AME (measured as fasting and feeding heat production, as well as heat increment and energy retention, as a proportion of AME intake) was not affected. These results suggest that the cecum helps chickens extract AME from corn‐soybean type diets with little, if any, effect on AME use, based on the present study of growing chickens in the week following cecal ligation.  相似文献   

Spread of potato virus Y in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) with different levels of sensitivity     

Nata&#x;a Mehle  Maja Kova   Nata&#x;a Petrovi   Maru&#x;a Pompe Novak  &#x;pela Baebler  Hana Kre i Stres  Kristina Gruden  Maja Ravnikar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2004,64(6):19

The aim of this work was to correlate the appearance of the symptoms, multiplication and spread of virus after mechanical inoculation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars showing different levels of susceptibility and sensitivity to Potato virus Y^NTN (PVY^NTN). The potato cultivars used were the resistant cultivar Sante and susceptible cultivars Igor, Pentland squire and Désirée. The spread of the virus PVY^NTN in infected plants was monitored using different methods: DAS-ELISA, tissue printing, immuno-serological electron microscopy and real-time PCR. In all three susceptible cultivars, the virus was detected in the inoculated leaves 4–5 days after inoculation. From there virus spread rapidly, first into the stem, then more or less simultaneously to the upper leaves and roots. Real-time PCR was shown to be very sensitive and enabled viral RNA to be detected in non-inoculated leaves of susceptible cultivar Igor earlier than other methods. Therefore, for exact studies of plant–virus interaction, a combination of methods which detect viruses on the basis of their different properties (coat protein, morphology or RNA) should be used to monitor the spread of viruses.  相似文献   

Increase of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) in hot and dry weather (2000) (Hom., Aphididae)     

P. Stary  Hana Luká?ová 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,81(3):6-10

Two hot and dry weather periods during mid-spring and early summer caused severe drought-stress to barley groves in many districts of the Czech Republic in 2000. Although not generally taken into consideration as an injury-increasing factor, the Russian wheat aphid (=RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.), was discovered to contribute significantly to injury in the ripening stage of spring barley as well as to the substantial decrease of yield (up to 30–40% of the calculated mean, in some districts). RWA increased considerably not only in the lowland banker areas but also in the higher altitudes, values in the latter case then manifesting those found in the lowland banker areas in the previous years.  相似文献   

Increase of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.) in hot and dry weather (2000) (Hom., Aphididae)     

P. Starý  Hana Lukáová 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,75(1):6-10

Two hot and dry weather periods during mid-spring and early summer caused severe drought-stress to barley groves in many districts of the Czech Republic in 2000. Although not generally taken into consideration as an injury-increasing factor, the Russian wheat aphid (=RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdj.), was discovered to contribute significantly to injury in the ripening stage of spring barley as well as to the substantial decrease of yield (up to 30–40% of the calculated mean, in some districts). RWA increased considerably not only in the lowland banker areas but also in the higher altitudes, values in the latter case then manifesting those found in the lowland banker areas in the previous years.  相似文献   

Experimental study on pathogenic potential of six Acanthamoeba strains isolated from fish     

Veverková M  Dyková I  Pecková H 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(3):243-245

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Assessment of a bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen capture ELISA and a microtiter virus isolation ELISA using pooled ear notch and serum samples.     

Susan M Cleveland  M D Salman  Hana Van Campen 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):395-398

To reduce the cost of whole herd screening for bovine viral diarrhea virus persistently infected animals, the sensitivity and specificity of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) and a microtiter virus isolation ELISA using saline from ear notch samples or pooled serum was determined. Pooled saline from ear notch samples, assayed by AC-ELISA, gave a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 94%, respectively, for pools containing 2 samples and 72% and 100%, respectively, for pools of 5. The sensitivity of pooled ear notch or serum samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus detection by microtiter virus isolation (sensitivity < 5%) or serum samples for detection by AC-ELISA (sensitivity < 15%) is too low to be used for whole herd screening. Pooling saline from ear notch samples from 2 animals tested by AC-ELISA, however, could provide a less expensive, reliable method for whole herd screening for bovine viral diarrhea virus.  相似文献   

Effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers     

Yasuhiro AOKI  Tomoya YAMADA  Naoto NAKANISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(2):173-179

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers. Four crossbred beef steers walked on a treadmill during a 6 week exercise period (1.2 km/h, 1 h/day and 5 days/week). The changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose infusion were analyzed immediately prior to (bodyweight: 260.4 ± 24.2 kg) and after (295.7 ± 30.1 kg) the exercise period. The basal levels of plasma glucose (86.4 vs. 82.0 mg/dL, P = 0.040) and insulin (24.5 vs. 14.3 μU/mL, P = 0.016) were significantly lower after the exercise period. Further, the increase in the levels of plasma glucose (420.4 vs. 280.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and insulin (94.5 vs. 73.1 μU/mL, P = 0.028) following the glucose infusion decreased after the exercise period. The area under the curve of plasma glucose (108.8 vs. 62.9 mg/dL per min, P < 0.001) and insulin (53.6 vs. 29.7 μU/mL per min, P = 0.018) indicated more rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and less insulin secretion for glucose clearance after the exercise period. These results suggest that regular exercise improves glucose tolerance, with lower insulin response to glucose infusion in growing steers, as observed in rodents and humans.  相似文献   

Preliminary experiments on mechanical stretch-induced activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vivo     

Tomowa SAKATA  Ryuichi TATSUMI  Michiko YAMADA  Sei-Ichi SHIRATSUCHI  Shinpei OKAMOTO  Wataru MIZUNOYA  Akihito HATTORI  Yoshihide IKEUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):518-525

We have shown in vitro that mechanical stretch triggers activation of quiescent satellite cells of skeletal muscle to enter the cell cycle through an intracellular cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that results in the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association and its subsequent presentation to signaling receptors. In order to explore the activation mechanism in vivo, stretch experiments were conducted in the living animal using our suspension model developed. This system used the weight of the hind portion of rats to stretch the inside muscles of the left hind limb suspended for a period of 0.5–2.0 h. At the end of the stretch period, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine followed by immunocytochemistry for its incorporation as an index of satellite cell activation in vivo. Depending on the period of stretch, bromodeoxyuridine labeling was increased significantly over the contralateral unstretched leg or control muscle from untreated rats. A stretched muscle extract prepared from the 2 h stretched tissue by incubating it in PBS, showed the active form of HGF as revealed by immunoblotting and it could stimulate the activation of unstretched satellite cells. Also, administering NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME prior to muscle stretch abolished the stretch activation of satellite cells. Therefore, the results from these experiments demonstrate that stretching muscle triggers NO synthesis and HGF release, which could activate satellite cells in vivo.  相似文献   

Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Tilapia intestine: Digestive enzyme of Tilapia-X     

Akiko  YAMADA TANIGUCHI  Katsumi  TAKANO 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):688-694

ABSTRACT:   β-galactosidase of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by PAPTG-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, ethylenediamineetetraacetic acid ion-exchange chromatography, polyexchanger PBE 94 chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. β-galactosidase was found to be a single band when examined by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purifications of β-galactosidase were 27-fold from the crude extract. β-galactosidase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 at 40°C, and was specifically found to be able to hydrolyze p -nitrophenyl β-galactopyranoside. It degrades galactan and agarose, and produces galactose. β-galactosidase was strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺ and PCMB. β-galactosidase is considered to be secreted by the upper and middle parts of the intestine and most of the activity was detected in the intestinal juice.  相似文献